Assessment Of Flavonoids Research Articles

Overexpression of Df4CL1 from Dryopteris fragrans Enhances Flavonoids and Lignin Production in Transgenic Tobacco

Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott is a fern in the family Dryopteridaceae that shows a good curative efficacy against several skin diseases, such as psoriasis and athlete’s foot. One of the substances that are effective is a flavonoid. The enzyme 4-Coumaric acid coenzyme A ligase (4CL) plays a key role in the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway, which controls the metabolic direction of phenylpropanoids and is associated with the synthesis of flavonoids and lignin. In this paper, we examined the role of 4CL1 gene of D. fragrans (Df4CL1) by transferring it to the model plant tobacco. Then its gene function was analyzed through tissue expression, determination of protein and enzyme activity, and assessment of flavonoids and lignin production. The analysis showed that overexpression of Df4CL1 in the transgenic tobacco (TT) had higher protein content, 4CL activity, and content of flavonoids and lignin compared with wild type tobacco (WT). The tissue expression of Df4CL1 in TT was positively correlated with the content of flavonoids and lignin. Therefore, we conclude that Df4CL1 was associated with both flavonoids and lignin biosynthesis by controlling the relative abundance of flavonoids and lignin during normal development.

Assessment of flavonoids and phenolic compound accumulation in invasive Solidago canadensis L. in Slovakia

Solidago canadensis L. was introduced to Europe as an ornamental plant from North America in 1645 and began to spread during the XIX-XX centuries. Nowadays the species is considered the most aggressive invasive species. On the other hand, S. canadensis is considered to be a medicinal plant. The raw material known as Herba Solidaginis includes herbs of S. canadensis, S. gigantea, and S. virgaurea. These species are known for their diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antispasmodic properties. The purpose of our study was to analyze the chemical compounds and some biological properties of S. canadensis, growing in Slovakia, to evaluate its therapeutic potential. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts from aerial parts of S. canadensis was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The evaluation of total flavonoid content (TFC) was performed by using a spectrophotometric method. The flavonoids content was expressed as rutin equivalents (mg REs) per g DW vegetal product. The phytochemical profile of S. canadensis extracts was assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The radical scavenging activity of samples was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Reducing power of extracts was determined by the phosphomolybdenum method. Total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of the extracts varied from 204.19 to 293.43 mg GAE.g-1 DW, and 64.99 – 175.25 g QE.g-1 DW, respectively; the best results were obtained for ethanol extract. Some phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC with significant amounts of rutin (211.20 µg.mL-1), quercetin (122.08 µg.mL-1), quercitrin (102.50 µg.mL-1) and chlorogenic acid (147.00 µg.mL-1). The DPPH values in the inflorescences were higher than in the leaves: the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts was in the range from 5.34 to 17.16 mg TE.g-1, for inflorescences, this parameter ranged from 6.09 to 19.87 mg TE.g-1. The high total phenolic compounds and flavonoids can be used as a valuable source of phytochemicals in herbal remedies. Our study of S. canadensis, growing in Slovakia, shows the promising potential that can be evaluated as an effective antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in herbal medicines.

Assessment of flavonoids and volatile compounds in tea infusions of water lily flowers and their antioxidant activities

Water lily, a member of the Nymphaeaceae family, can be made into tea on the basis of outstanding fragrance characteristics and health care functions. In this study, 16 flavonoids were identified and quantified in tea infusions prepared from the petals of 33 water lily cultivars using HPLC–DAD and HPLC–ESI-MS/MS. The infusions were analyzed with HS-SPME coupled with GC–MS; 29 volatile compounds were detected, of which nine were found to be scent components. The cultivars were clustered into three clusters characterized according to scent components. The ‘Conqueror’ and ‘Virginia’ cultivars had the highest antioxidant activities. The concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids showed significant positive correlations with antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH, ABTS+, and FRAP assays. This study is valuable for a fuller understanding of this important tea and can also be used for the development of water lily.

Assessment the Antioxidant and Hypolipidmic Effect of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Flavonoids in Induced Oxidative Stressed Male Rabbits

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of flavonoids, sugar moiety and antioxidant scavenging activity (in vitro and vivo) of black cumin seed ( Nigella sativa L.) as well as serum lipid profile inhydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress and flavonoids treated adult male rabbits were the main aim of the current study. The results showed that black cumin seeds contained 4.50gmcrude flavonoids per kg crushed seeds and the high performance liquid chromatography indicated the existence of 22 flavonoids, only seven of which were identified flavonoids represented nearly 2.751gm/kg of the total flavonoids. The concentration of kaempferol was the highest whereas quercetin the lowest. Glucose, fructose and sucrose were the sugar moiety of flavonoids with an average concentration of 3.22, 2.21 and 3.31 g/kg crushed seeds respectively. Assessment the antioxidant scavenging activity of the extracted flavonoids and its effect on lipid profile in H2O2 treated rabbits were carried out as follows; eighteen adult male rabbits were randomly divided into three equal groups. Rabbits in the first group were received tap water and served as control (C), whereas animals in 2nd group received 0.5% H2O2 in drinking tap water (T1), animals in the 3rd group were received 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water with 27.5mg/kg B.W. of black cuminseeds flavonoids.Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of the experiment. The results clarified that 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water caused significant elevation in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduction in glutathione (GSH) concentration of treated animals respectively.The incidence of antioxidant scavenging activity in vitro was more pronounced than that recorded in vivo particularly at the early stages of administration and extracted flavonoids ameliorate to a great extent the incidence of hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in male rabbits. The results revealed that administration of 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water for 12 weeks to male rabbits caused significant p<0.05 elevation in TC, TAG, LDL-C and VLDL-C concentration, with significant p<0.05 reduction in serum HDL-C concentration as compared with the control where as Black Cumin seed flavonoids caused significant reduction in the serum concentration of TC, TAG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C and significantly p<0.05 elevation in HDL-C concentration comparing to H2O2 treated group.Conclusion: This study clarified the significant role of black cumin flavonoids in modulation of glutathion (GSH) content and malondialdehyde( MDA) equivalent and exhibited highly hypolipidmic effect.

Assessment of Flavonoids as Rutin for Detoxification of T-2 Toxin

El-Sawi, N.M. and Al-Seeni, M.N. 2009. Assessment of flavonoids as rutin for detoxification of T-2 toxin. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 35: 57–60. To assess the efficacy of rutin, a flavonoid, for detoxifying T-2 toxin, 30 male albino rats were divided in 3 equal groups. Group 1 served as control. Rats in groups 2 and 3 were given 0.1 mg/kg bw T-2 toxin and those of group 3 were given 50 mg/kg rutin additionally. Toxin in liver tissue increased TBARs, SOD, GST, total lipids and decreased total thiol and catalase. Similarly there was increased lipid peroxide and decrease in total thiol, GST, hemoglobin and hematocrit value. All these were improved in group 3. The result suggest that rutin may be used as anti oxidant for T-2 toxin in liver of rat.