Assessment Of Dietary Patterns Research Articles

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Health Outcomes in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review.

Proper nutrition represents 1 of the domains of adolescents' well-being. In this context, the Mediterranean diet (MD), as a healthy, traditional, and sustainable dietary pattern, plays a crucial role in promoting adequate growth and preventing chronic noncommunicable diseases. The currently available evidence on the effects of adherence to the MD (AMD) in association with several physical health outcomes in adolescence is summarized in this review. Five electronic databases were searched. Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized clinical trials, published in English during 2013-2022, and that assessed the health impact of AMD among adolescents were eligible. Details on study design, methods, population, assessment of dietary patterns, health outcomes, and main results were extracted. The search yielded 59 references after removal of duplicates. Applying PICOS criteria, 4 systematic reviews and 3 meta-analyses ultimately were included in this review. The AMD was evaluated in association with overweight/obesity and adiposity in 2 studies, musculoskeletal health in another 2, inflammation in 1 study, and cardiometabolic health in 1 study. The seventh review examined all mentioned health outcomes (overweight and obesity, musculoskeletal health, inflammation, and cardiometabolic health) in relation to AMD. Overall, this umbrella review showed limited evidence and a lack of consistency about the relation between AMD and health outcomes of interest in adolescence, indicating the need for more studies to better understand it. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023428712.

Assessment of dietary patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and different expressed insulin resistance

Assessment of dietary patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and different expressed insulin resistance

Assessment of dietary patterns in celiac disease patients using factor analysis method and their relationship with dietary intakes and body mass index

Background/ObjectivesCeliac disease (CD) is a systemic and autoimmune enteropathy of the gastrointestinal tract with malabsorption characteristics. The only effective treatment for CD is adhere strictly to a gluten-free diet (GFD) throughout life. We evaluated the dietary patterns in celiac disease patients and their association with dietary intakes and anthropometric measurements in Iran.Subjects/MethodsThis is a case-control study on 182 participants who were referred to the Khuzestan Celiac Association, Iran. Nutritional information was collected using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The software Stata (StataCorp, Version 14.0) was used to analyze the data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to obtain participants’ dietary patterns.ResultsA significant relationship was observed between age and body mass index (BMI) across quartiles of the healthy dietary pattern score (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively), indicating that as age and BMI increased, participants demonstrated greater adherence to the healthy dietary pattern. Individuals with the highest adherence to the healthy dietary pattern had the lowest odds ratio for celiac disease (CD) (Q1: reference; Q2: 1.96, 95% CI: 0.84–4.55; Q3: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.27–1.42; Q4: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03–0.33, P trend < 0.001), and this association remained significant after adjusting for BMI (adjusted P trend = 0.003) and energy intake (adjusted P trend < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant association between the lowest odds ratio for CD and the highest adherence to the unhealthy dietary pattern after adjustment for energy intake (Q1: reference; Q2: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.13–1.12; Q3: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.71; Q4: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02–0.29, adjusted P trend < 0.001). Additionally, a significant association was observed between the odds ratio for CD and the mixed dietary pattern score (Q1: reference; Q2: 6.01, 95% CI: 2.29–15.72; Q3: 2.47, 95% CI: 0.93–6.55; Q4: 4.84, 95% CI: 1.84–12.66, P trend = 0.02), and this association remained significant after adjustment for energy intake (adjusted P trend < 0.001).ConclusionsThe findings of the present study indicate that individuals who adhere to healthy dietary patterns have a lower incidence of celiac disease.

Mini-MED: study protocol for a randomized, multi-intervention, semi-controlled feeding trial of a Mediterranean-amplified vs. habitual Western dietary pattern for the evaluation of food-specific compounds and cardiometabolic health

BackgroundDiet is among the most influential lifestyle factors impacting chronic disease risk. Nutrimetabolomics, the application of metabolomics to nutrition research, allows for the detection of food-specific compounds (FSCs) that can be used to connect dietary patterns, such as a Mediterranean-style (MED) diet, to health. This validation study is based upon analyses from a controlled feeding MED intervention, where our team identified FSCs from eight foods that can be detected in biospecimens after consumption and may therefore serve as food intake biomarkers.MethodsIndividuals with overweight/obesity who do not habitually consume a MED dietary pattern will complete a 16-week randomized, multi-intervention, semi-controlled feeding study of isocaloric dietary interventions: (1) MED-amplified dietary pattern, containing 500 kcal/day from eight MED target foods: avocado, basil, cherry, chickpea, oat, red bell pepper, walnut, and a protein source (alternating between salmon or unprocessed, lean beef), and (2) habitual/Western dietary pattern, containing 500 kcal/day from six non-MED target foods: cheesecake, chocolate frozen yogurt, refined grain bread, sour cream, white potato, and unprocessed, lean beef. After a 2-week washout, participants complete four, 4-week intervention periods, with biospecimen sampling and outcome assessments at baseline and at intervention weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. The primary outcome is change in the relative abundance of FSCs from the eight MED target foods in participant biospecimens from baseline to the end of each intervention period. Secondary outcomes include mean change in cardiometabolic health indicators, inflammatory markers, and adipokines. Exploratory outcomes include change in diversity and community composition of the gut microbiota.DiscussionOur stepwise strategy, beginning with identification of FSCs in whole diets and biospecimens, followed by relating these to health indicators will lead to improved methodology for assessment of dietary patterns and a better understanding of the relationship between food and health. This study will serve as a first step toward validating candidate food intake biomarkers and allow for assessment of relationships with cardiometabolic health. The identification of food intake biomarkers is critical to future research and has implications spanning health promotion and disease prevention for many chronic conditions.Trial registrationRegistered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05500976; Date of registration: August 15, 2022.

Assessment of Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

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Association between Dietary Indices and Dietary Patterns and Mortality and Cancer Recurrence among Cancer Survivors: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.

The number of cancer survivors is growing rapidly; however, specific lifestyle recommendations for these patients are still sparse, including dietary approaches. Thus, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the associations between adherence to diet-quality indices and dietary patterns on overall mortality, cancer-specific mortality, and cancer recurrence among cancer survivors. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science between 18 May 2016 and 22 May 2022 with no language restrictions. Thirty-nine studies were included for quantitative analysis, providing data from 77,412 participants. Adherence to both diet-quality indices and a healthy/prudent dietary pattern was inversely associated with overall mortality (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77-0.86; RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.92, respectively) and with cancer-specific mortality (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.94; RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97, respectively). These associations could be observed following assessment of dietary patterns either pre- and/or postdiagnosis. For unhealthy/western dietary patterns, high adherence was associated with overall mortality (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.47). Although the certainty of evidence was rated as low, we conclude that there are no reservations against high adherence to healthy dietary patterns or indices in cancer survivors.

Assessment of dietary patterns in obese children and adolescents at risk of pre-diabetes in Basra/Iraq

the role of nutrition in developing pre-diabetes among obese children and adolescents remains a major problem. Method: A cross-sectional study based on food frequency questionnaire data was conducted on obese children and adolescents aged 6–18 years at Al-Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center (FDEMC) in Basra (South Iraq) from November 1, 2021, to the end of May 2022. This study aimed to assess dietary patterns for obese children and adolescents who are at risk for pre-diabetes. Results: 155 obese children and adolescents aged 6–18 years participated in the study, 60% of whom were males and 40% female. 40% (n=62) had Impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and 16.8% (n=26) had Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Regarding the dietary pattern, this study discovered that 58.7% (n=91) of the participants have a neutral eating habits score, followed by 40.0% (n=62) of them have an unhealthy eating habits score, while only 1.3% (n = 2) of participants have healthy eating habits. However, this study found significant static associations between dietary habits and education level, socio-economic status, and father education. Conclusion: Healthy eating habits, weight reduction, and increased physical activity are all factors that assist in preventing pre-diabetes and its complication such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.&#x0D;

Abstract P275: Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Assessment and Cardiac Health in Firefighters

Nutritional epidemiology is faced with the challenge of estimating overall diet quality and adherence, along with how this relates to health outcomes. Several dietary assessment tools exist for the Mediterranean dietary pattern. Additionally, we recently validated a clinical study Mediterranean Diet Scoring System (MDSS). Firefighters are a population that faces additional challenges. The leading cause of mortality in firefighters remains cardiovascular, so improving diet is important. Our prior studies have found that blood pressure (BP) surges that firefighters experience are dependent on call type and occupational activity and that firefighters are interested in learning healthy dietary patterns. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the PREDIMED study screener, MEDI-Lifestyle score, and MDSS. A secondary purpose was to examine relationships between these scores with health outcomes. 15 firefighters (36.3±9.5 yrs) completed surveys, a health history, and a 6-week Mediterranean diet and tactical training intervention. Physiological testing included BP, BMI, ambulatory BP monitoring during a 12-hr work-shift, and fitness testing. Each firefighter was assigned a wellness coach who provided weekly dietary training, answered questions, and tracked diet and exercise progress throughout. Data was self-reported by firefighters through a clinical study website. Firefighters had elevated BP (128.7±9.4 /77.6±7.0 mmHg), overweight BMI classification (29.9±3.2 m/kg 2 ), and low fitness (VO 2 30.1±4.4 ml/kg-min). Firefighters scored low on all scales with MEDI-Lifestyle score of 2.9±1.0 out of 7, a PREDIMED score of 6.3±2.3 out of 14, and overall MDSS of 67.1±16.8 out of 102 possible points. We found direct relationships between the screening tools, but sample size is too small to establish significance. MEDI-Lifestyle (r = -0.44) and MDSS (r = -0.6) were inversely related to depression scores (p&lt;.05). MDSS was inversely related to SBP surge with fire-calls (r = -0.6, p&lt;.05). During the work-shift, firefighters experienced BP levels in the hypertensive range (145.5±14.1 /87.8±15.8 mmHg) and extreme BP surges when alarms sounded (21.6±11.8 /15.2±12.8 mmHg). Firefighters with higher DBP had higher overall ambulatory BP levels (r = 0.7, p&lt;.01), higher BP surges (r=0.6, p&lt;.05), and higher overall occupational BP levels (r = 0.7, p&lt;.01). It seems that multiple screening tools are effective at assessing a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Further research is needed to examine dietary adoption and related health outcomes in firefighters. A full study is needed to better understand the relationship between different Mediterranean diet screeners. Furthermore, it needs to be investigated where the relationship lies with DBP and overall cardiac health in firefighters. Subclinical diastolic dysfunction may exist and if undiagnosed, it could lead to cardiac incidents.

Comparison of Four Dietary Pattern Indices in Australian Baby Boomers: Findings from the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study.

The assessment of dietary patterns comprehensively represents the totality of the diet, an important risk factor for many chronic diseases. This study aimed to characterise and compare four dietary pattern indices in middle-aged Australian adults. In 3458 participants (55% female) from the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study (Phase Two), a validated food frequency questionnaire was used to capture dietary data between 2016 and 2022. Four dietary patterns [Australian Dietary Guideline Index 2013 (DGI-2013); the Mediterranean Diet Index (MedDiet); the Literature-based Mediterranean Diet Index (Lit-MedDiet); and the EAT-Lancet Index], were calculated and compared by measuring total and sub-component scores, and concordance (𝜌c). Cross-sectional associations between the dietary indices and demographic, lifestyle, and medical conditions were modelled with linear regression and restricted cubic splines. Participants had the highest standardised scores for the DGI-2013 followed by the EAT-Lancet Index and the MedDiet, with the lowest standardised scores observed for the Lit-MedDiet. The DGI-2013 had the lowest agreement with the other scores (𝜌c ≤ 0.47). These findings indicate that the diets included in this Australian cohort align more closely with the Australian Dietary Guidelines than with the other international dietary patterns, likely due to the wide variation of individual food group weightings in the construction of these indices.

Assessment of dietary pattern and serum levels of vitamins A, C, and E in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): A case-control study

Background: The importance of dietary pattern and vitamins in the incidence of cancers has been demonstrated in many studies. As there are cultural differences and various dietary patterns in different countries, the results of other studies are not necessarily applicable to our society. This study aimed to evaluate the role of some vitamins and dietary patterns in developing head and neck cancer. Methods: Dietary pattern and serum levels of vitamins in 39 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were compared to 37 healthy individuals. A native questionnaire was used to obtain the dietary pattern. The existence of a significant relationship between serum levels of vitamins and dietary pattern with the risk of HNSCC was assessed. The independent t test, chi-square and exact Fisher’s test were employed for statistical analysis. Results: The mean serum levels of these vitamins in the case group were significantly lower as compared to the control subjects (P&lt;0.005). Two dominant eating patterns were identified, and after adjusting for confounding factors such as age, education, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and place of residence, it was found that people with unhealthy dietary patterns were 6.55 times more likely to develop cancer than people with a healthy diet. Conclusion: Lower serum levels of vitamins C and E are associated with an increased risk of HNSCC. Unhealthy dietary patterns also increase the risk of developing this cancer.

Metabolic risks and prognosis of COVID-19: are dietary patterns important?

PurposeThis study aims to identify the dietary patterns of two groups of subjects (with and without COVID-19), and to assess the relationship of findings with the prognosis of COVID-19 and metabolic risk parameters.Design/methodology/approachThis study included 100 individuals in the age range of 19–65 years. The medical history, and data on biochemical, hematological and inflammatory indicators were retrieved from the files. A questionnaire for the 24-h food record and the food intake frequency was administered in face-to-face interviews, and dietary patterns of subjects were assessed.FindingsIn individuals with COVID-19, the hip circumference, the waist-hip ratio and the body fat percentage were significantly higher (p < 0.05), and the muscle mass percentage was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Mediterranean diet adherence screener (MEDAS), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and healthy eating ındex-2015 (HEI-2015) scores were low in the two groups. A linear correlation of DASH scores was found with the muscle mass percentage (p = 0.046) and a significant inverse correlation of with the body fat percentage (p = 0.006). HEI-2015 scores were significantly and negatively correlated with body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference and neck circumference (p < 0.05). Every one-unit increase in MEDAS, DASH and HEI-2015 scores caused reductions in C-reactive protein levels at different magnitudes. Troponin-I was significantly and negatively correlated with fruit intake (p = 0.044), a component of a Mediterranean diet and with HEI-2015 total scores (p = 0.032).Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this study includes the small sample size and the lack of dietary interventions. Another limitation is the use of the food recall method for the assessment of dietary patterns. This way assessments were performed based on participants’ memory and statements.Practical implicationsFollowing a healthy diet pattern can help reduce the metabolic risks of COVİD-19 disease.Originality/valueDespite these limitations, this study is valuable because, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first study demonstrating the association of dietary patterns with disease prognosis and metabolic risks concerning COVID-19. This study suggests that dietary patterns during the COVID-19 process may be associated with several metabolic risks and inflammatory biomarkers.

Development of a Multibiomarker Panel of Healthy Eating Index in United States Adults: A Machine Learning Approach

BackgroundDietary and nutritional biomarkers are objective dietary assessment tools that will enable a more accurate and precise determination of diet-disease relations. However, the lack of established biomarker panels for dietary patterns is concerning, as dietary patterns continue to be the focus of dietary guidelines. ObjectivesWe aimed to develop and validate a panel of objective biomarkers that reflects the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) by applying machine learning approaches to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. MethodsCross-sectional population-based data (eligible criteria: age ≥20 y, not pregnant, no reported supplement use of dedicated vitamin A, D, E, or fish oils; n = 3481) from the 2003 to 2004 cycle of the NHANES were used to develop 2 multibiomarker panels of the HEI, 1 with (primary panel) and 1 without (secondary panel) plasma FAs. Up to 46 blood-based dietary and nutritional biomarkers (24 FAs, 11 carotenoids, and 11 vitamins) were included for variable selection using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, and education. The explanatory impact of selected biomarker panels was assessed by comparing the regression models with and without the selected biomarkers. In addition, 5 comparative machine learning models were constructed to validate the biomarker selection. ResultsThe primary multibiomarker panel (8 FAs, 5 carotenoids, and 5 vitamins) significantly improved the explained variability of the HEI (adjusted R2 increased from 0.056 to 0.245). The secondary multibiomarker panel (8 vitamins and 10 carotenoids) had lesser predictive capabilities (adjusted R2 increased from 0.048 to 0.189). ConclusionsTwo multibiomarker panels were developed and validated to reflect a healthy dietary pattern consistent with the HEI. Future research should seek to test these multibiomarker panels in randomly assigned trials and identify whether they have broad application in healthy dietary pattern assessment.

Dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer: a comparative analysis.

Although several dietary patterns have been associated with incident colorectal cancer (CRC), it is unclear which diet is optimal. Participants included 48 409 men and 169 772 women from three USA-based prospective cohort studies. We compared the associations of 18 dietary patterns with CRC risk, including two reference scores. The reference scores were derived based on the dietary recommendations for cancer prevention and CRC-specific dietary risk factors mentioned in the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Third Expert Report. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Most dietary patterns showed moderate correlations with the WCRF dietary score (absolute values of Spearman correlation coefficients: 0.45-0.63), except the Plant-based diet index, low-carbohydrate diets, the Empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and Empirical dietary inflammation pattern (EDIP). HR for the 10th-90th percentile difference in the score was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78-0.94) for the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score (DASH), 1.15 (1.06-1.26) for Western dietary pattern, 1.20 (1.10-1.31) for EDIH and 1.23 (1.13-1.34) for EDIP. These associations between patterns and CRC risk persisted after adjusting for the two reference scores. Although further research is needed to improve the WCRF/AICR dietary recommendations, our comprehensive assessment of dietary patterns revealed that the DASH, Western dietary pattern, EDIH and EDIP may be the most relevant diets for preventing CRC.

Assessment of maternal dietary patterns and their relationship with c-reactive protein in pregnancy

Abstract Background Inflammation during pregnancy including elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Understanding relationships between CRP and modifiable factors such as dietary patterns is key to identifying opportunities for pregnancy intervention. This study assessed change in adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diet (MED-diet) from early to late-pregnancy and the relationship between adherence to both dietary patterns at early-pregnancy with plasma CRP at early and late-pregnancy. Methods Women (n = 215) attending antenatal clinics at Monash Health, Melbourne were recruited at 10-20 weeks gestation. Medical history and blood samples were collected at 5 antenatal visits. Adapted DASH and MED-diet scores were calculated from Food Frequency Questionnaires completed at early ([mean±SD] 15±3 weeks) and late (36±1 week) pregnancy. CRP was measured in maternal plasma samples collected at early and late-pregnancy. Adjusted linear regression assessed associations of early-pregnancy DASH and MED-diet scores with early and late-pregnancy plasma CRP. Results DASH score at early (23.5±4.8) and late (23.5±5.2) pregnancy was not significantly different (p = 0.971). There was no statistically significant change in MED-diet score from early (3.99±1.6) to late-pregnancy (4.08±1.8) (p = 0.408), however, MED-diet adherence and plasma CRP at early pregnancy were significantly and inversely associated (β= -0.14 [95%CI= -0.27, -0.01], p = 0.039). Conclusions Adherence to the MED-diet in early pregnancy may be beneficial in reducing inflammatory markers and assisting optimal pregnancy outcomes. Assessment of dietary patterns is important to assist identifying modifiable factors which impact maternal and child health. Key messages

Population-based, cross-sectional assessment of dietary patterns and supplement use in mitochondrial disease.

Mitochondrial diseases (MITO) are a large group of rare genetic conditions that manifest in high-energy organ systems and impair mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Therapeutic management often involves the use of dietary supplements and special dietary patterns. A questionnaire assessing dietary patterns and supplement use was administered to diagnosed patients or their surrogate caregivers through various MITO-related patient and advocacy organizations and social media internationally from March to September 2021. Secondary outcomes assessed information available to participants regarding supplements, and factors influencing use, knowledge, and adherence to dietary supplements. Supplements were classified using standard criteria. A total of 236 responses were used for the analysis. The average number of supplements taken among patients was 7.0 (±5.0 SD) with over 70% reporting taking more than 4 supplements. Sixty percent of respondents reported dietary restrictions, while 14% were tube fed or parenterally fed. Uncertainty regarding supplement cost, use, and availability were a significant source of stress for most participants with 61% of patients reporting no financial coverage for supplementation and 45% reporting no coverage for special dietary needs. Adequate scientific evidence for the widespread use of dietary supplements in MITO is lacking. As a result, there is excessive supplementation in MITO that imposes significant stress on patients. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of specific supplements as well as special dietary patterns to enable physicians and pharmacists to provide evidence-based recommendations to patients to reduce symptoms, as well as the emotional and financial strain associated with supplement use.

Assessment of Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of BScN 4 Year Nursing Students at a Private Nursing College Lahore

Aim: The present study is to evaluate nutritional status of undergraduate students of Saida Waheed FMH College of Nursing. Methodology: Study design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study design was use to conduct this study. Study setting: Study was conducted at Saida Waheed college of Nursing Lahore. Study population: Students studying at a private Nursing College. Sampling technique: Researchers used Simple Random sampling method to collect sample. Study Duration: This study was completed within 6 months From December 2021 to May 2022. Sample size: The sample size was be 132 undergraduates BScN 4years students. Data Collection tools: Data was collected through adopted QUESTIONAIRE from ISLAMIA COLLEGE BAHWEL PUR FROM MR KHLIL AHMED after taking his consent. Data Analysis Plan: Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Means and standard deviations (SD) was be calculated from continuous data, whereas, categorical data is expressed in frequencies and percentages. Result: In this study the total participants were 132undergraduate BScN 4years students.. Among total participants 58 (43.9%) were male and 74 (56.1%) female. Majority 65 (59.2%) of the participants having age group between 21 to 25 years. 43.2% students were studying in first years , 35.6% in year two,12.1% year three and 9.1 % students studying in year four. Most of the respondents were belong to middle income family 62.9%, only one participants having family income more than 100000. Among them mostly students residing in hostel (65.9 %) and 34.1% were day scholar. Regarding their area of location 68.9% were from Urban and 31.1% belong to rural are. Majority were Muslims (78.0%) as compared to Christian (21.2%) and 1 participant were from Hindu community (24%) consume fat more than 30%. Conclusion: Students are future and backbone of any nation’s and countries. Special attention is needed for their health. Present study findings indicate that 26% of study participants are overweight and obese and few 12% are also suffering from underweight while 62% participants are found with normal Body Mass Index.

Dietary Patterns of Adults Who Came for Care to Predoctoral Dental School Clinic

Upon completion, participant will be able to describe the assessment of dietary patterns in a dental clinic and understand the implications for interdisciplinary collaboration for dietary assessment and counseling.

Benefit-Risk Assessment of Dietary Patterns by Bioavailable Metals, Gut Microbes, and Their Interaction for Human Health.

The high-carbohydrate, low-fat, low-protein (HC-LFP) and low-carbohydrate, high-fat, high-protein (LC-HFP) diets are the main dietary patterns worldwide. The influence of dietary patterns on bioavailable metals, gut microbes, and their interaction is still unknown. A biomimetic digestive tract with full functions is constructed to transform the diets into chyme, and the gut microbes are cultured with the corresponding chyme. The diet species-specificity in bioavailable metal content and the positive and negative correlations between bioavailable metals and microbial reproductions are disclosed. The safe dosage and maximum consumption are 369.5 and 858.6 g/d and 268.6 and 3119.0 g/d for LC-HFP and HC-LFP, respectively. When replacing HC-LFP with LC-HFP for 21 days, the bioavailability of Fe and Cr is increased 83.2% and 268.4%, respectively; the reproductions of harmful and benefical microbes are significantly increased and decreased. The prevalences of obesity, inflammation, septicemia, and cancer are increased, and then the risk of dietary pattern shift is disclosed.

Enhancing untargeted metabolomics using metadata-based source annotation.

Human untargeted metabolomics studies annotate only ~10% of molecular features. We introduce reference-data-driven analysis to match metabolomics tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data against metadata-annotated source data as a pseudo-MS/MS reference library. Applying this approach to food source data, we show that it increases MS/MS spectral usage 5.1-fold over conventional structural MS/MS library matches and allows empirical assessment of dietary patterns from untargeted data.

A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Dietary Patterns and Their Relationship to Hypertension and Obesity in Indonesia

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a marked increase in the intake of foods associated with higher risks for hypertension and obesity in Indonesia. However, studies assessing the relationship between dietary patterns and health outcomes are few.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to characterize dietary patterns and investigate their relationship with hypertension and obesity in Indonesia.MethodsExploratory factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns from a brief food scanner filled by 31,160 respondents aged 15 y and older in the Indonesian Family Life Survey wave 5 (IFLS 5). Age- and gender-specific quintiles of consumption were created for each pattern and the association between quintiles of each dietary pattern and the odds for hypertension and obesity were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsTwo dietary patterns were identified: a modern dietary pattern characterized by fast foods, soft drinks, sweet snacks, and salty snacks and a traditional pattern characterized by fish, vegetables, and fruits. Younger age and being male were significantly correlated with higher consumption of the modern pattern (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively). Analyses showed no association between hypertension and the modern pattern. However, the traditional pattern revealed lower odds for hypertension among those in the highest quintile compared with the lowest quintile (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.95; P-trend < 0.05). Individuals in the highest quintile of each dietary pattern had higher odds of obesity compared with those in the lowest quintile (modern pattern—OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.49; P-trend < 0.00; traditional pattern—OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.42; P-trend < 0.01).ConclusionsMore studies using gold-standard measures of dietary intake are needed to better understand the relationship between the modern dietary pattern and hypertension in Indonesia. Also, both modern and traditional dietary patterns in Indonesia may be energy dense, leading to higher risk for obesity.