Assess Life Satisfaction Research Articles

Life Satisfaction in Dance Practitioners: An Exploratory Study

The present study aimed to i) assess life satisfaction among leisure time dance practitioners and ii) investigate differences in life satisfaction between people who dance for enjoyment and those who dance for exercise. Five hundred and sixty-seven adults (89 men and 478 women) completed the Karakasidou et al. (2016) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), which consists of five items on a 7-point Likert scale. Results showed that 423 dancers participated for enjoyment and 144 for exercise purposes. Regarding the first aim of the study, the dancers scored high on the five items of the scale confirming that participation in dance has a potential positive impact on life satisfaction. According the second aim, the t-test analysis revealed statistically significant differences in four Satisfaction with Life Scale items, with individuals who participated in dance for exercise scoring higher than those who participated for enjoyment. In conclusion, those who participated in dance showed high satisfaction with life, and enjoyment appeared as the most important reason for participating in dance practices during leisure time. The findings shed light on the role of dance in promoting life satisfaction and provide insight into the motivations behind dance participation. Leisure activities, including dancing, could induce positive emotions that promote wellbeing.

Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Background Factors Associated with Experienced Health Status and Life Satisfaction.

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing and CKD often goes undiagnosed and untreated until its later stages when irreversible damage has occurred. Patients with CKD have been reported to have lower quality of life than the general population, but the patient-reported outcome data on CKD patients in Finland are limited. The primary outcome of this structural, multiple-choice survey study was to assess life satisfaction and experienced health status in Finnish patients with CKD. The results were presented as numbers (n) and percentages (%). The secondary outcome was to identify patient groups using the K-means clustering method based on preselected response variables and to assess the associated background factors. In total, 558 patients with CKD responded to the electronic survey. Of the 395 patients who completed the whole survey, 39.7% reported their health status as good, pretty good, or excellent, and 59.9% were fairly or very satisfied with their life. Two clusters of patients could be identified based on their health status and life satisfaction: patients with (1) poorer or (2) better well-being. Patients with poorer well-being were more likely to have at least 3 comorbidities (66.8% vs 44.3%) and lack follow-up visits entirely (10.5% vs 1.9%), compared with patients with better well-being. The patients with poorer well-being were less often knowledgeable about the disease, its causes (35.5% vs 48.1%), and its care (30.7% vs 20.3%) than patients with better well-being, and they showed weaker adherence to lifestyle interventions such as following dietary instructions (30.3% vs 40.5%). Screening for CKD to enable early diagnosis, early commitment to treatment, and empowering the patient by providing education are key for improvement of health and life satisfaction in patients with CKD. Therefore, resources should be allocated to these measures of action.

211 From Motion by Emotion to Well-Being: How Regular Physical Activity Enhances Life Satisfaction through Self–Control and Emotion Regulation

Abstract Purpose Physical activity is crucial for maintaining good health and preventing chronic diseases. Regular participation in sports-related activities contributes to psychophysiological and social well-being. Researchers are investigating the psychological factors that may be responsible for this mechanism. Current research is one of the first to explore the mediating effects of self-control and emotion regulation on the relationship between exercise and life satisfaction. The main objective of this study was to examine the possible intermediate impact of self–control and two common forms of emotion regulation: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression on the relationship between involvement in regular physical activity and satisfaction with life. Methods A total of 186 adults participated in the online survey, providing information about their regular participation in physical activity or training and completing questionnaires assessing life satisfaction, self-control, and two aspects of emotion regulation. Based on self-reported average minutes spent exercising per week over the past year, participants were classified into four levels of physical activity according to the World Health Organization guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior. Results The results of the mediation analysis showed that dispositional self-control and cognitive reappraisal fully mediated the relationship between the levels of physical activity and life satisfaction. Expressive suppression, a second strategy of emotion regulation, did not mediate this relationship. This suggests that regular physical activity may increase levels of self-control and cognitive reappraisal, which in turn leads to greater life satisfaction. Conclusions Regular physical activity and time spent on training support such forms of regulating one’s own emotions and actions which consequently may lead to greater life satisfaction. These findings underscore the importance of regular exercise in promoting psychological well-being through its beneficial effects on self-control and emotional regulation.

Life satisfaction, psychological distress, compassion satisfaction and resilience: when the pleasure of helping others protects veterinary staff from emotional suffering.

Individuals working in veterinary field suffer significantly from mental health problems, and research has extensively focused on psychological and work-related predictors of psychological distress. This study intended to approach psychological distress through a positive lens by investigating the predictive role of life satisfaction on psychological distress in veterinary staff, and the mediating effect of compassion satisfaction, resilience and perceived social support. A total of 868 veterinary staff (i.e. veterinarians, veterinary nurses, veterinary assistants and veterinary administrative staff) completed a web-survey assessing life satisfaction, psychological distress, compassion satisfaction, resilience, and social support. Life satisfaction negatively predicts psychological distress, and compassion satisfaction and resilience showed a mediation effect on the relationship between life satisfaction and psychological distress, with compassion satisfaction explaining 59% and resilience 6.4% of the effect of life satisfaction on psychological distress. Current data support the role of life satisfaction as a protective dimension on psychological distress within a broader sample population of veterinary staff in Portugal, highlighting the role of compassion satisfaction and resilience in contributing in minimising distress among veterinary staff.

The mediating role of health behaviors in the relationship between internal locus of control and life satisfaction in public health students

Well-being is a continuous process requiring decisions and actions to maintain or build health. This study examines the indirect effect of health locus of control on life satisfaction via healthy behaviors based on living systems theory. Participants were 730 students of various majors related to medicine and health, aged between 19 and 30 (M = 22.29, SD = 1.64), including 79.04% women. Self-report measures were used to assess life satisfaction, multidimensional health locus of control, and health behavior. Women scored higher than men on the total health behavior scale, especially in a healthy diet and preventive behavior. Men scored higher than women on internal health locus of control (HLC), while women scored higher than men on the powerful others HLC in making decisions about their health. The study confirmed the mediating effect of healthy behavior on the relationship between the internal HLC and life satisfaction. The present mechanism highlights the crucial role of internal motivation in increasing subjective well-being by maintaining health behaviors among young adults. The role of intervention programs focused on improving internal HLC and health behaviors is discussed.

Usability of the Japanese Late-Stage Elderly Questionnaire for screening major depression.

Older adults with major depression are at risk of frailty and long-term care needs. Consequently, screening for major depression is imperative to prevent such risks. In Japan, the Late-Stage Elderly Questionnaire was developed to evaluate older adults' holistic health, including mental well-being. It comprises one specific question to gauge life satisfaction, but the effectiveness of this question to screen for major depression remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess the usability of this question to screen for major depression. This retrospective cohort study used a large, commercially available claims database in Japan. Participants were older adults aged ≥75 years who completed the Late-Stage Elderly Questionnaire and were classified with and without new major depression within 1 year. We evaluated the questionnaire's ability to screen for major depression using C-statistics, developing three models to assess the cut-off value based on responses to the life satisfaction question ('Satisfied', 'Somewhat satisfied', 'Somewhat unsatisfied', or 'Unsatisfied'), estimating the sensitivity and specificity of each model. Among 11 117 older adults, 77 newly experienced major depression within 1 year. The C-statistic for screening major depression was 0.587. The model setting the cut-off between 'Somewhat unsatisfied' and 'Unsatisfied' the demonstrated lowest sensitivity and highest specificity, while the model setting the cut-off between 'Satisfied' and 'Somewhat satisfied' demonstrated highest sensitivity and lowest specificity. Our results suggest that due to its poor screening ability and high rate of false negatives, the question assessing life satisfaction in the Late-Stage Elderly Questionnaire may not be useful for screening major depression in older adults and may require modification.

Burnout and Life Satisfaction among Healthcare Workers Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic (Silesia, Poland).

The phenomenon of burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic is a widespread problem with several negative consequences for the healthcare system. The many stressors of the pandemic have led to an increased development of anxiety and depressive disorders in many healthcare workers. In addition, some manifested symptoms of the so-called postpandemic stress syndrome and the emergence of occupational burnout syndrome, commonly referred to as "COVID-19 burnout." The aim of this study was to assess the burnout and life satisfaction of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted in 2020-2022 among medical staff working in hospitals in Silesia, Poland. The instruments used to assess life satisfaction and burnout were the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which assesses three dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DEP), and sense of reduced professional accomplishment (SRPA). The study group included 900 participants. There were 300 physicians (mean age 38 ± 7 years), 300 nurses (mean age 35 ± 6 years), and 300 paramedics (mean age 31 ± 5 years). Life satisfaction as measured by the SWLS was lowest among nurses and paramedics in 2021 and among doctors in 2022. Male respondents and those with fewer years of work had higher levels of life satisfaction. People with more years of work had higher scores in EE and DEP and lower scores in SRPA (p = 0.001). We found a negative correlation between life satisfaction and EE (p = 0.001), DEP (p = 0.001), and SRPA (p = 0.002). The results highlight the need for further research into the causes of burnout among medical professionals and the need for effective interventions to promote well-being and prevent burnout in this group.

Life satisfaction and job and personal resources among public workers with non-standard work schedules

BackgroundWhile the link between non-standard work schedules and poor health outcomes is established, few studies have examined how resources both in and outside of work can support the well-being of workers with non-standard work schedules.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional survey, we assessed the association between one facet of well-being, life satisfaction, and job and personal resources. In 2019, an electronic survey was administered to two unionized, public service populations who work non-standard work schedules: transportation maintainers and correctional supervisors. We assessed life satisfaction with a 10-item scale; a broad set of job resources (reward satisfaction, supervisor support, co-worker support, schedule satisfaction, and working hours fit); and a broad set of personal resources (health status, sleep, physical activity, and finances). We used log-binomial regression models to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals among statistically significant univariate predictors.ResultsOf the 316 workers surveyed, the majority were male (86%), White (68%), and reported positive life satisfaction (56%). In multivariate models, the prevalence of positive life satisfaction was higher in workers reporting reward satisfaction (PR:1.35, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.65; p = 0.003), good work schedule fit (PR:1.43, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.83; p = 0.004), good health (PR:2.92, 95% CI: 1.70, 4.99; p < 0.0001), and good finances (PR:1.32, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.72; p = 0.04).ConclusionEmployers should consider increasing work recognition, as well as improving schedule fit, financial well-being, and overall good health in support of worker life satisfaction and ultimately well-being.

Trends in Positive Life Orientation Among 70-Year-Olds: A Comparison of Two Finnish Cohorts Born 20 Years Apart

ABSTRACT Objectives We assessed if positive life orientation (PLO) has increased among older individuals and explored gender disparities in PLO changes. Methods Two cohorts of 70-year-olds from Turku, Finland were included: the 1920 birth cohort (examined in 1991; n = 1,032) and the 1940 birth cohort (examined in 2011; n = 956). Participants completed an identical questionnaire assessing life satisfaction, feeling needed, future plans, zest for life, depression, and loneliness. A composite PLO score (range 0–1) was computed. Results The 2011 cohort had a higher mean PLO score than the 1991 cohort (.87 vs. .83, p < .001). The 2011 cohort reported higher sense of being needed, more future plans, and reduced loneliness (all p < .001). No significant differences were found in life satisfaction, zest for life, or depression. Gender disparities in PLO persisted across both cohorts, with men scoring slightly higher but following similar trends as women. Discussion PLO appears to have increased among older individuals. Clinical Implications Recognizing the rising trend of PLO in recent decades may influence the development of societal and healthcare policies to further improve overall well-being among older individuals.

Integrating mindfulness practice into everyday life after completing a course in mindfulness-based stress reduction

While the immediate positive effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) are undisputed, it is still a matter of debate whether the effects also last in the long term and on which factors this depends. The major aim of this study was to examine the extent to which former MBSR course completers continue mindfulness exercises and how this practice is related to life satisfaction, experience of stress, and mindfulness. A total of 992 non-clinical MBSR course completers were contacted via E-Mail. A total of 192 participants responded and took part in this study. Online, we administered standardized questionnaires to assess life satisfaction, stress, and mindfulness. In addition, single items were used to ask for practice related details. Participants experienced the immediate positive effects (e.g. stress reduction, increase of concentration, and well-being) of MBSR to last over several years (m = 3.79) after course completion. The majority of participants (74.2%) reported to have continued the practice over time. Continuation of mindful exercises was positively related to well-being, mindfulness, and less stress with better effects for those participants who practice more frequently. The relaxing effect of mindfulness motivated participants to practice while the lack of time was the main reason not to practice. For sustainable effects, MBSR course completers should be supported to maintain their practice. In particular, they could benefit from learning to manage scarce time resources. Further research should investigate the usefulness of respective learning contents – within an MBSR course and for aftercare programs.

Exploring influential factors in the self-assessment of life satisfaction among Chinese elderly: a structural equation modeling analysis.

The aging problem is becoming more and more prominent globally. Attention to the quality of life and related health improvement among the elderly has become an important issue in modern society. This study utilized a tracking survey conducted in 2017-2018, involving 9,327 Chinese older adults, to examine health influencing factors, and applied structural equation modeling to analyze the influencing factors on the self-assessment of life satisfaction among older adults in different regions (cities, counties, and villages) in China. This study revealed that economic status, psychological status, personal situation, life behaviors, and child care are important influences on older people's self- assessed life satisfaction. There is a positive correlation between economic status, psychological status, child care and the results of the self-assessment of life satisfaction of the elderly. Psychological status and child care have a greater impact on the self-assessment of life satisfaction among the elderly in urban areas compared to villages and towns. The influence of economic status on the self-assessment of life satisfaction of the elderly is lower in urban areas than in rural areas. There is a significant difference in the influence of personal situations on the self-assessment of life satisfaction among the elderly. Additionally, older individuals tend to report higher levels of self-assessment of life satisfaction. Furthermore, female elderly individuals tend to report higher levels of satisfaction compared to males. Findings from this study indicate that improving health self-assessment in older adults requires targeted efforts based on different geographic areas of life and the age stages of older adults, and more attention needs to be paid to men who are just entering old age.

Validation of an ultra-short global quality of life scale in a large population-based health survey.

Quality of life (QoL) assessment is essential in health-related research and clinical settings, offering insights into individuals' well-being and functioning. This study validated the Essential QoL-3 (EQoL-3), an ultra-short scale assessing essential dimensions of QoL, for use in epidemiological research and clinical settings. Data from a 2021 national survey in Norway (N = 17,487) were used. Three items on the EQoL-3 assess life satisfaction, happiness, and meaningfulness on a 0-10 scale. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing the EQoL-3 with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and by examining latent mean differences between individuals with adverse life experiences (ALE+) and those without such experiences (ALE-). Convergent validity was evaluated through latent regression analyses comparing the EQoL-3 with a perceived mastery scale and a mental distress scale. The discriminant validity of the EQoL-3 was less than optimal when compared with the SWLS. Nonetheless, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the EQoL-3 score was 1.42 (95% CI = 1.33-1.50, p < 0.001) lower in the ALE+ group compared to the ALE- group, providing support for discriminant validity. Convergent validity was established with a positive association between EQoL-3 and mastery (β = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.70-1.80, p < 0.001) and a negative association between the EQoL-3 and mental distress (β = -2.64, 95% CI = -2.71/-2.59, p < 0.001). The EQoL-3 is a reliable measure of QoL. Its streamlined nature facilitates quick administration, making it a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers in diverse settings. Its inclusion of the eudaimonic dimension, as well as its exclusion of health items in the measure itself, distinguishes it from traditional HQoL measures, making it suitable for mental health and substance use disorder research.

Being a Young Carer in Portugal: The Impact of Caring on Adolescents' Life Satisfaction.

Caring for an ill or disabled relative can present significant challenges that may exceed the personal resources of the caregiver. Young carers (YCs) often take on this role, providing support to family members or friends, which can have far-reaching effects on various aspects of their lives. This study involved 235 adolescents, 106 YCs, and 129 non-carers (NCs), who completed questionnaires assessing life satisfaction, satisfaction with social support, family functioning, academic functioning, and caregiving activities. Tests of group differences (MANOVA and MANCOVA controlling for age) showed YCs had more caregiving activities than NCs (as expected) and, critically, significantly lower life satisfaction. Hierarchical regressions with the YCS subsample showed academic functioning, social support, and the negative impact of caregiving were associated with life satisfaction, and that the negative influence of caregiving was linked to family functioning and the quantity of caregiving activities. For NCs, academic functioning, satisfaction with social support, and family functioning were associated with life satisfaction. In conclusion, caregiving in adolescents appears to be linked to lower life satisfaction, but this effect is determined by their social support, academic functioning, and negative impact of caring, which in turn depends on their family functioning and amount of caring activities.

The Cantril Ladder as a Measure of Well-Being and Life Satisfaction Among Refugee Youth Experiencing Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress

Given the number of refugee youth whom require mental health support, there is a need to provide community-based interventions that can be easily scaled-up at a low cost. Yet, safety procedures associated with community-based intervention require careful consideration. The Cantril Ladder is a visual scale used to assess life satisfaction. It could be a useful tool to track the well-being of participants throughout an intervention. However, concerns have been raised about the validity of single-item life satisfaction measures and it is recommended they are tested when used in specific populations. This is particularly relevant to the refugee youth population who experience ongoing stress due to concern for family, friends, housing, and schooling and whose perceptions of life satisfaction may differ to the cohorts the Cantril Ladder has previously been tested with. The purpose of this study was to explore the validity of the Cantril Ladder as a measure of well-being and life satisfaction in refugee youth experiencing post-traumatic stress symptoms by exploring the relationship between how the youth scored on the Cantril Ladder with their scores on measures of depression and self-efficacy. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was applied to self-reported survey data in order to test how refugee youth experiencing post-traumatic stress symptoms (n = 51) score on the Cantril Ladder compared with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Self Efficacy Scale (GSE) scores. The mean Cantril Ladder score in the present sample was 5.33 (SD = 2.77). The PHQ-9 and GSE total scores together explained 19.1% of the variability in the Cantril Ladder score. The Cantril Ladder showed moderate concurrent validity with validated measures of depression and self-efficacy. These findings have important implications for intervention programs designed to support refugee youth experiencing post-traumatic stress, as the Cantril Ladder offers a promising way to track well-being throughout the program as part of a wider safety protocol procedure. Additional research is required to not only confirm these findings, but also to test the face validity of the Cantril Ladder for a more complete validation of life satisfaction.

The five factor model and life satisfaction: Examining the predictive and mediatory role of restorativeness indoors

Prolonged directed attention expends resources needed to perform everyday tasks, making time in restorative environments essential. Most restorativeness research takes place in outdoor settings, however, humans spend most of their waking hours indoors, necessitating a better understanding of restorativeness indoors. This study seeks to replicate relationships found between personality, restorativeness, and life satisfaction in outdoor environments in the indoor context. Additionally, we investigated if restorativeness predicted life satisfaction beyond personality and the mediatory role of restorativeness between personality and life satisfaction. Full-time undergraduate students (N = 615) from a private, Midwestern university completed an online survey assessing life satisfaction, the Big Five, and the restorativeness of 14 campus spaces. Results found all Big Five traits significantly predicted restorativeness (p < .05) and all but openness significantly predicted life satisfaction (p < .001). Hierarchical regression results demonstrated restorativeness significantly predicted life satisfaction beyond personality (p < .001). Structural equation modeling revealed restoration mediated the relationship between two Big Five traits and life satisfaction. Restoration fully mediated agreeableness (p < .001) and partially mediated extraversion (p < .05). Findings extend previous research from outdoor settings in indoor environments and add the understanding that restorativeness appears to be a mechanism through which some personality traits work to enhance cognitive appraisals of life. Given the critical role of directed attention, restorative spaces are essential for successful task completion. This research highlights the need for diverse indoor environments to facilitate the recovery of attention resources for a variety of personalities and to enhance satisfaction with life.

Estimating the heterogeneous effect of life satisfaction on cognitive functioning among older adults: Evidence of US and UK national surveys

BackgroundsThe emerging field of positive psychology suggests higher life satisfaction, a form of psychological well-being, may improve cognitive functioning. Although evidence exists for population-average associations between psychological well-being and better cognitive function, little is known about how the relationship varies across individuals. MethodsWe analyzed a national sample of US and UK adults aged ≥50 from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (n = 10,650) and the English Longitudinal Survey of Aging (ELSA) (n = 5514). We assessed life satisfaction at baseline using the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Cognitive functioning was assessed using a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status score after 4-year follow-up. We estimated the population-average association between life satisfaction and cognitive functioning in each sample via doubly-robust targeted maximum likelihood estimation with SuperLearning. To assess effect heterogeneity, we estimated conditional average effects via a causal forest algorithm. ResultsWe did not find reliable evidence of a population-average association between life satisfaction and higher cognitive functioning in HRS (HRS: β = -0.12; 95%CI: -0.30, 0.06) and ELSA (ELSA: β = 0.39; 95%CI: -0.00, 0.79). Our machine-learning-based approach for estimating effect heterogeneity discovered the effect of life satisfaction on cognitive function can substantially vary across individuals. Life satisfaction appeared less beneficial, or even detrimental, among individuals with lower socioeconomic status, poor health status, and more negative psychological conditions, both in the US and UK samples. ConclusionsFurther research is needed to uncover mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous effects of life satisfaction on cognitive function, as it may have unintended adverse consequences among some subgroups.

Social determinants of life satisfaction in emerging adults

Environmental and social factors that surround someone are major influencers of life satisfaction. We aimed to investigate which social factors were significantly influencing life satisfaction in healthy emerging adults. A cross-sectional design was employed to implement the study and a direct survey approach was selected to uncover the relationship between life satisfaction and social factors. A socio-demographic information form was used for collecting data on demographic factors as well as social factors. Contentment with Life Scale (CLAS) was used to assess life satisfaction. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to see the strength and character of the relationships between social factors and life satisfaction. A total of 288 individuals participated in the study. There was a total of 6 significant predictors of life satisfaction; frequency of going out with friends, smoking habits, age, allowance, parents’ income and father’s education level. Our results show that social factors should be kept in mind when working with emerging adults and can be used as indicators of life satisfaction.

Mental condition and physical activity of individuals working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.

The study assessed quality of life and depression in working people during COVID-19 pandemic, relative to their physical activity. The study involved 1194 people living in south-eastern Poland, and assessed life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction Questionnaire - 9 [LISAT-9]), quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF [WHOQoL-BREF]), depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]) and physical activity. The respondents on average scored 4.32 in LISAT-9; respectively 66.2, 68.3, 69.6 and 63.5 in physical, psychological, social and environment domains of WHOQoL-BREF and 9.2 in BDI. Regularly performed physical activity positively affected the scores in all the psychometric tests in women with higher and secondary education and in men with vocational education. Women presented lower life satisfaction, poorer quality of life and higher level of depression than men. The psychometric scores were also differentiated by type of employment and job. Depression was identified in 44% of all the respondents. Individuals who are economically active during the pandemic report good quality of life and no or only mild signs of depression. Working people with higher education cope more effectively with adversities of the pandemic, compared to those with lower education. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(2):274-90.

Predictors of life satisfaction in elders living at home in the Czech Republic.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the life satisfaction of older people living in a home environment and to find out what predictors influence it. The research involved 1,121 older people 60 years and above from the Moravian-Silesian region who live in a home environment. The short form of the Life Satisfaction Index for the Thirds Age (LSITA-SF12) was used to assess life satisfaction. The Geriatric depression scale (GDS-15), the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory Scale (GAI), The Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to evaluate related factors. In addition, age, gender, marital status, education, social support, and subjective health assessment were evaluated. The overall life satisfaction score was found to be 36.34 (s = 8.66). The satisfaction of older people was classified into four grades: high satisfaction (15.2%), moderate satisfaction (60.8%), moderate dissatisfaction (23.4%), and high dissatisfaction (0.6%). The predictors of the longevity of the lives of older people were confirmed, both health factors (subjective health assessment, anxiety, and depression [Model 1: R = 0.642; R2 = 0.412; p<0.000]) and psychosocial factors (quality of life, self-esteem, sense of coherence, age, and social support [Model 2: R = 0.716; R2 = 0.513; p<0.000]). In implementing policy measures, these areas should be emphasized. The availability of educational and psychosocial activities (e.g. reminiscence therapy, music therapy, group cognitive behavioural therapy, cognitive rehabilitation) within the community care of the older people and university of third age is appropriate to increase the life satisfaction of the older people. An initial depression screening is also required as part of preventive medical examinations to ensure early diagnosis and treatment of depression.

Measuring Life Satisfaction During the Pandemic Among Students of the Business Studies University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Oman

The study’s goal was to determine the level of life satisfaction among Business Studies students at one of Oman’s universities. The responses are from various levels of the BSD’s post-foundation, where the survey questionnaire was distributed. The survey, which was adapted from Huebner’s MSLSS, was designed to assess life satisfaction in five areas: family, friends, school, living environment, and self. To examine the correlation of students’ life satisfaction throughout the pandemic, the data was interpreted and analyzed using descriptive analysis such as frequency, percentage, and mean, as well as Spearman’s rho coefficient. The findings revealed that gender, age, and level of studies had a significant influence on the respondents’ present living conditions. The results show a significant measure of how the respondents expressed their life satisfaction during the pandemic.