Assertiveness Scores Research Articles

Relationship between Assertiveness and Self-Esteem among Young Indian Adults

Abstract: This quantitative study explores the relationship between assertiveness and self-esteem among young Indian adults aged 20 to 30 years. The research design employs a correlation approach to examine the statistical association between assertiveness and self-esteem without manipulating variables. The study aims to answer key questions regarding gender differences in assertiveness and self-esteem, the relationship between assertiveness and self-esteem, and the impact of self-esteem on assertiveness. Data from 131 participants (61 males, 70 females) from Assam and Karnataka were collected using Google Forms and social media advertising. The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to measure assertiveness and self-esteem, respectively. Statistical analyses included independent sample t-tests, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results indicate no significant difference in assertiveness and self-esteem between males and females. However, a significant negative correlation was found between assertiveness and self-esteem, suggesting that as assertiveness increases, self-esteem tends to decrease, and vice versa. Regression analysis further confirms that self-esteem significantly impacts assertiveness among young adults, with approximately 8.9% of the variability in assertiveness scores explained by differences in self-esteem. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of assertiveness and selfesteem among young Indian adults, highlighting the complex interplay between these psychological constructs and their implications for individual well-being and behavior.

The Effect of Psychodrama on the Level of Assertiveness in Neglected and Abused Adolescents

This study aims to examine the effect of psychodrama on the level of assertiveness in neglected and abused adolescents. The population of the study consisted of 21 adolescents and the sample consisted of 13 volunteer adolescents between the ages of 14-18, determined by purposeful sampling technique. The study was conducted between March - May 2017 in child support centers. Psychodrama sessions lasted twice a week for 9 weeks, each session for 3 hours; a total of 18 sessions of psychodrama were conducted. Measurements were carried out before and after psychodrama practice as pre and post-tests. Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS) was used as a data collection tool. After psychodrama, the assertiveness scores of adolescents increased compared to before psychodrama.Psychodrama is an effective method to increase the assertiveness levels of adolescents.

Breast cancer and sexual self-concept: Comparing women with breast cancer and healthy women

This study aimed to assess and compare the dimensions of sexual self-concept (SSC) in women with (n=80) and without (n=120) breast cancer (BC). Women with BC and healthy cases in the control group were selected from the same center. The recruiting women referred for screening, and no BC was detected based on the results. The participants completed the demographic and Persian versions of the modified Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaires. Chi-square, t test, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data. Women with BC reported significantly higher scores in negative dimensions of SSC, particularly in sexual anxiety and fear of sex (P<0.05). In the dimension of positive self-concept, only the assertiveness score (P=0.008) was different between the two groups. In contrast, the overall score of positive self-concept did not demonstrate a significant difference between the groups. SSC in women with BC seems impaired compared with healthy women.

Assertiveness of Nursing Professionals Working in a University Hospital of Nepal

Introduction: To provide patients with appropriate treatment and foster therapeutic interactions, nurses must possess assertiveness. The study objective was to find out the assertiveness of nurses. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 272 nurses were recruited using a proportionate stratified random sampling at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Nepal. Assertiveness was measured with a self-administered questionnaire, 30-item Simple Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 16. Independent Sample t-test, Pearson Chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact test, and odds ratio were used to examine the association. Results: Among nurses, 192 (70.6%) were assertive with a mean assertiveness score of 18.1±14.7. There was a significant association of nurses’ assertiveness with their marital status (p = 0.02), nursing degree (p=0.03), professional designation (p=0.04), employment type (p=0.03), and additional training (p=0.004). Nurses with bachelor-level nursing degrees were 1.8 times more assertive (95% CI = 1.05-3.07) than those nurses with certificate-level nursing degrees. Nursing officers were 2.1 times more assertive (95% CI = 1.02 – 4.2) than staff nurses. Further, permanently employed nurses were 2.63 times more assertive (95% CI = 1.35-5.12), and nurses who received additional training were 2.2 times more assertive (95% CI = 1.29-3.83). Conclusion: More than two-thirds of nurses working in the university hospital were assertive. Nurses with bachelor-level nursing degrees, with professional designation as “nursing officers”, with permanent employment, and those who received additional training were more assertive. These things should be taken into consideration by the hospital administration to increase assertiveness among nurses.

Developing Critical Thinking Dispositions through Academic Assertiveness among Higher Education Students in Thailand

This research delves into the intricate landscape of academic assertiveness among higher education students in Thailand, focusing on developing critical thinking dispositions and related behaviors. Our investigation uncovered noteworthy patterns that resonated across diverse institutions, shedding light on the multifaceted challenges faced by students. These encompassed a common fear of negative consequences, the profound influence of cultural norms on assertive behaviors, a pervasive lack of self-confidence, a genuine desire for improved communication skills, susceptibility to peer influence, and the impact of the educational context itself.
 
 While an incremental improvement in academic assertiveness scores was discernible in the post-discussion phase, it is vital to acknowledge that this improvement did not attain statistical significance. This finding prompts reflection on the efficacy of the conducted discussion and suggests that it may need to be augmented by continuous and more potent interventions. It underscores the importance of cultivating an academic environment that values and nurtures academic assertiveness as an essential component of critical thinking development.
 
 The culmination of this study offers valuable insights into the intricate web of factors that influence academic assertiveness among higher education students. It underscores the necessity for a nuanced approach, encompassing ongoing interventions and creating a learning environment that empowers students to express themselves assertively, ultimately fostering the growth of critical thinking dispositions and behaviors.

The Impact of Sustainable Exercise and the Number of Pregnancies on Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, and Assertiveness Levels in Pregnant Women

This study examined the variations in self-efficacy, self-esteem, and assertiveness levels among pregnant women engaging in sustainable exercise compared to those performing no physical activity. The study also explored the connection between these changes and the number of pregnancies. The sample included 220 pregnant women engaging in sustainable exercise and 210 pregnant women performing no physical activity. Sustainable exercisers were chosen from those engaged in physical activity for at least 30 min, twice a week. The participants were in the fourth to seventh month of their pregnancy. A simple random sampling technique was used to choose participants and a total of 430 pregnant women volunteered to participate in the study. The mean age of the participants was 31.45 ± 12.11 years. Data collection tools were the Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI), and the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS). In data analysis, the impact of independent variables on self-efficacy, self-esteem, and assertiveness was evaluated by one-way ANOVA in groups of more than two, t-test in paired groups, the relationship between some independent variables and scales was evaluated by correlation, and descriptive features were shown as percentages. In cases where variance analyses were significant at 0.05 (p < 0.05), Tukey’s test was used as a post hoc test. The study’s results indicated a significant disparity between the mean self-efficacy and self-esteem scores of women engaged in sustainable exercise compared to those who were not. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of assertiveness levels. The mean scores of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and assertiveness differed significantly in respect to the number of pregnancies in exercising women. However, there were no significant differences in mean scores of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and assertiveness scores in terms of the number of pregnancies in women who did not exercise.

Destructive manifestations in the emotional and behavioral sphere of seafarers

The article analyzes the destructive manifestations in the emotional and behavioral spheres of seafarers in a sample of 40 seafarers. In the research we studied the behavioral patterns of sailors according to their professional status: senior officers, officers, deck crew, engine crew, and support staff. We also examined the correlation between the characteristics of destructive manifestations and the professional status of seafarers. Statistical analysis revealed unfavorable assertiveness scores in all five study groups. This suggests that the sailors in the studied sample, as representatives of an extreme profession, have a constant willingness to enter into conflictual interaction. For people in the seafaring profession, who operate in extreme conditions, it is necessary to develop and implement developmental and psychotherapeutic psychological intervention programs.

Self-assertiveness and Perceived Parenting Style among Medical Students in Southern India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The youth population particularly medical students should have the ability to express their feelings without hurting others and thus develop proper communication with the patients. The way they express and take decision shows their self-assertiveness. The communication potential and the assertivenss skill is developed mainly during the childhood partially through parental guidance. Aim: To assess self-assertiveness and perceived parenting style among medical students and to assess any association between the variables. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a crosssectional study among 400 prefinal and final-year medical students (MBBS) from Travancore Medical College, Kollam district Kerala, India for a period of two months from January-February 2020. The data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire method which includes- socio-demographic details, Rathus assertiveness scale to assess self-assertiveness, and parenting bond instrument to assess perceived parenting style. The association was assessed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. The data was collected in Microsoft excel and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: The mean age of the study population was 21.34±1.71 years, and there were 132 (33%) males, and 268 (67%) females. The study showed that 206 subjects (51.5%) had low assertiveness scores. Among subjects, most of the subjects {236 (59%) in the father and 252 (63%) in the mother} perceived their parents to have optimal parenting style. The male gender perceived the parents to be affectionless and high protection from the parents showed a significant reduction in the assertiveness scores. The study did not found any significant association between perceived parenting styles and the selfassertiveness score of medical students. In case of father, the Chi-square value was 7.27, and p-value was 0.20 and for mother the Chi-square value was 4.93 and the p-value was 0.08. Conclusion: Most of the medical students have low selfassertiveness score and perceived their parents to have optimal parenting styles. Even though the study showed an absence of association between the perceived parenting style and selfassertiveness, the importance of being assertive should be established among students and measures can be adopted to make a family consultation.

An Indirect Measure of Implicit Sexual Assertiveness: Reliability and Validity of the Sexual Assertiveness IAT in Young Adults in The Netherlands

In the present study we investigated the reliability and validity of an Implicit Association Test of sexual assertiveness (the SA-IAT) in a sample of young adults (n = 159). The D600 algorithm was used to calculate implicit sexual assertiveness scores. Explicit sexual assertiveness was measured using a selection of items from the Hurlbert Index of Sexual Assertiveness. Personality traits were assessed using the revised, short version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The internal consistency of the SA-IAT was evaluated based on split-half reliability, and found acceptable with α = 0.61 for the practice trials, and α = 0.70 for the test trials, after correction for attenuation. Convergent and divergent validity were evaluated using correlation analysis. Correlation with explicit sexual assertiveness was found to be low, as expected. Divergent validity of the SA-IAT was evaluated against the personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism, and social desirability. Except for a significant correlation of implicit sexual assertiveness with extraversion in the full sample and the female subsample, implicit sexual assertiveness and personality traits were not found to share variance, as expected.

Investigation of Assertiveness Levels of Athletes Engaging Individual Sports in Different Branches

Background: Assertiveness, which is defined as the way individuals express themselves and as a part of healthy life, is among the prominent features of people who do sports. Assertiveness is an element that increases the quality of people's relationships with their environment. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the assertiveness scores of the athletes engaged in individual sports in different branches according to independent variables. Methods: The research was designed according to the relational screening model. The sample of the research; The sample consists of 201 participants selected by simple random sampling method among the athletes dealing with different individual sports branches. The branches of the athletes; (Consists of taekwondo and cycling sports) Results: In the study, the personal information form created by the researcher to collect information about the independent variables (gender, age,) that are thought to be effective in the research, and the Rathus Assertiveness Inventory (RAE) were used. It is seen that 1% of the participants are in the avoidant group, 88.6% are in the moderately avoidant group, and 10.6% are in the assertive group. Conclusion: When the assertiveness scale mean scores of the participants by gender are examined, it is seen that the level of assertiveness by gender does not differ statistically significantly. When the assertiveness scale mean scores of the participants according to age are examined, it is seen that the level of assertiveness according to age does not differ statistically significantly. Keywords: Assertiveness, individual sport, Taekwondo, Cycling.

Examination of the Effect of Positive Psychology-based Group Counseling on Lying Tendencies

This study was carried out to apply positive psychology-based group counseling activities, which were prepared to reduce the tendency of 7th grade students to lie and created considering Turkish-Islamic cultural values, and to test the effectiveness of the activities. In the quantitative part of the study in which the mixed method design was preferred, a quasi-experimental design consisting of experimental, control, and placebo groups was used. The quantitative phase of the study was carried out with 68 students, 22 of whom were in the experimental group, 24 in the control group, and 22 in the placebo group, studying in a secondary school in Gaziantep where permission for the study was obtained. The study group for the quantitative stage of the study was determined by the analogous cluster sampling method. The lying tendency scale and the assertiveness inventory were used as data collection tools for this stage. The study group at the qualitative stage, which was completed by performing a case study, was determined using the criterion sampling method and was carried out with the teachers and parents of the experimental group. In the qualitative part of the study, a structured interview form was used as a data collection tool. The study found a significant difference in the lying of the experimental group, no significant difference in the lying tendency of the control and placebo group, significant differences between the difference scores of the groups’ lying tendencies, and a significant difference in the assertiveness scores of the placebo group.

Effectiveness of Laughter Therapy on Level of Stress and Assertiveness among Elderly at Old Age Homes in Selected Areas

Background: Elders usually exhibit multiple health problems with complex interactions. Elderly peoplecome voluntarily and some by force to the old age home. The level of stress and depression is more inthose elderly people residing in old age home than those elderly people living with families. Elderly peopleresiding in old age home have a feeling of hopelessness, helplessness and worthlessness. Now a day’s mostof the elderly people are isolated from families.Aim of the Study: The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of laughter therapy on levelof stress and assertiveness among elderly at old age homes in selected areas.Methods: Evaluative approach. A one group pre test and post test (pre experimental) design was usedfor study. Probability cluster sampling technique was used for selection of sample.60 elderly people wereselected as per availability and fulfillment of the preset criteria. A modified stress assessment scale andmodified Lloyed SR assertiveness scale was used to assess the study variables.Results: Before administering the laughter therapy, they had level of stress score in pretest, 53.3% ofthe elderly had moderate stress (Score 43-63) and 46.7% of them had severe stress (Score 64-84). Afteradministering the laughter therapy, they had in posttest, 41.7% of the elderly had mild stress (Score 22-42)and 58.3% of them had moderate stress (Score 43-63). This indicates that the stress level of the elderlyimproved remarkably after laughter therapy. Before administering the laughter therapy, they had level ofassertiveness score in pretest, 53.3% of the elderly at old age home had difficulty being assertive (score10-20), 43.3% of them were nonassertive (Score 20-30) and 3.3% of them were naturally assertive (Score30-40). After administering the laughter therapy, they had level of assertiveness score in posttest, 86.7%of them were nonassertive (Score 20-30) and 13.3% of them were naturally assertive (Score 30-40). Thisindicates that the assertiveness of the elderly at old age homes improved remarkably after laughter therapy.Conclusion: The findings showed that laughter therapy had a positive effect on level of stress and assertivenessamong elderly at old age homes in selected areas and improved the signs of physical, psychological as wellas their social function.

Assertiveness of psychiatric day care users in Japan.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the assertiveness of psychiatric day care users with schizophrenia.Patients and Methods: We examined 1,179 psychiatric day care center users and 916 psychiatric hospital outpatients with schizophrenia between September 2008 and February 2009 using a questionnaire survey based on the Japanese version of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule and the Functioning Scale. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by post by the director of each participating facility.Results: Of the 1,179 users (Users) and 916 outpatients (Patients) targeted, 366 (31.0%) and 78 (8.5%) were enrolled in this study. The mean assertiveness score of Users (–7.1 ± 20.2) was significantly higher than that of Patients (–17.3 ± 20.9; P<0.01). Assertiveness scores were higher in Users who performed housework compared with those who did not. High functioning was a background factor that improved assertiveness scores in Users. Additionally, Users could maintain a suitable assertiveness score with support from a psychiatric day care center.Conclusion: This study revealed that Users had a greater ability to self-assert than Patients; this was largely the result of being able to live in society.

Effectiveness of laughter therapy on level of stress and assertiveness among elderly at old age homes in selected areas

Background: Elders usually exhibit multiple health problems with complex interactions. Elderly peoplecome voluntarily and some by force to the old age home. The level of stress and depression is more inthose elderly people residing in old age home than those elderly people living with families. Elderly peopleresiding in old age home have a feeling of hopelessness, helplessness and worthlessness. Now a day’s mostof the elderly people are isolated from families.Aim of the Study: The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of laughter therapy on levelof stress and assertiveness among elderly at old age homes in selected areas.Methods: Evaluative approach. A one group pre test and post test (pre experimental) design was usedfor study. Probability cluster sampling technique was used for selection of sample.60 elderly people wereselected as per availability and fulfillment of the preset criteria. A modified stress assessment scale andmodified Lloyed SR assertiveness scale was used to assess the study variables.Results: Before administering the laughter therapy, they had level of stress score in pretest, 53.3% ofthe elderly had moderate stress (Score 43-63) and 46.7% of them had severe stress (Score 64-84). Afteradministering the laughter therapy, they had in posttest, 41.7% of the elderly had mild stress (Score 22-42)and 58.3% of them had moderate stress (Score 43-63). This indicates that the stress level of the elderlyimproved remarkably after laughter therapy. Before administering the laughter therapy, they had level ofassertiveness score in pretest, 53.3% of the elderly at old age home had difficulty being assertive (score10-20), 43.3% of them were nonassertive (Score 20-30) and 3.3% of them were naturally assertive (Score30-40). After administering the laughter therapy, they had level of assertiveness score in posttest, 86.7%of them were nonassertive (Score 20-30) and 13.3% of them were naturally assertive (Score 30-40). Thisindicates that the assertiveness of the elderly at old age homes improved remarkably after laughter therapy.Conclusion: The findings showed that laughter therapy had a positive effect on level of stress and assertivenessamong elderly at old age homes in selected areas and improved the signs of physical, psychological as wellas their social function.

Effect of Assertiveness Training on Adaptive and Aggressive Assertiveness in Nurses

Background: Assertiveness is one of the most important skills needed by nurses to reduce interpersonal conflict and build an effective teamwork in complex hospital environments. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an assertiveness training program on nurses’ aggressive and adaptive assertiveness. Methods: In this interventional study, participants were 64 nurses working in hospitals of Abhar city in Iran, randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=32) and control (n=32). Assertive training program was presented as a two-day training workshop (10 hours) to the intervention group, while the control group received no training. Thompson and Burnham’s Adaptive and Aggressive Assertiveness Scale were completed by the participants in both groups at baseline, immediately, one and three months after the intervention. After collecting the data, Friedman, Mann–Whitney, Chi-squared, and Fisher tests were used for their analysis. Findings: The mean of adaptive assertiveness score was significantly different between the the two groups immediately (P=0.002) and 1 month after the intervention (P=0.025). The aggressive assertiveness scores were not significantly different immediately, 1 and 3 months after the intervention (P&gt;0.05), but the results of Friedman test showed a statistically significant decrease in the aggressive assertiveness scores compared to its baseline score (P=0.002). Conclusion: The assertiveness training program increased adaptive assertiveness and decreased aggressive assertiveness in nurses. Relevant authorities can design continuous and useful assertiveness training programs to promot this valuable skill in nurses.

Effect of Sport Education on Stress and Assertiveness of Middle School Students

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of basic tennis education on stress and assertiveness levels among middle school students. &#x0D; &#x0D; Material: The study group consisted of a total of 120 students, 60 females and 60 males, aged 9-11 years. The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule and the Perceived Stress Scale for Children were used as data collection tools, and a questionnaire was administered to gather demographic information of the participants. The data were transferred to IBM SPSS 25.0 package program and analyzed using paired samples t-test. &#x0D; &#x0D; Results: As a result of the statistical analyses performed on the data obtained in the pretest and posttest at p&amp;lt;0.05 significance level, significant differences were found between assertiveness and stress scores of the male participants; between assertiveness and stress scores of the female participants; and between assertiveness and stress scores of the whole study group regardless of gender differences.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusions: Pretest and posttest results revealed that there was a significant effect of basic tennis training on the increase in assertiveness levels and the decrease in stress levels among female and male students (p &amp;lt;0.05).

Relationship between emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and assertiveness among South Indian youth: A descriptive, cross-sectional study from Karnataka.

Youth involves a lot of mental health issues. A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and assertiveness among 432 youth (18-23 years) from selected colleges of Udupi district, Karnataka using Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and Youth Assertiveness Scale. The mean emotional intelligence among youth was 124.99 ± 18.71, whereas the mean self-esteem and assertiveness scores were 18.48 ± 3.33 and 60.706 ± 7.077, respectively. Linear relationships among the key variables were assessed using the Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient. Self-esteem and assertiveness showed a weak positive relationship (r = 0.282 and 0.288, P = 0.001 respectively) with emotional intelligence, whereas the relationship between self-esteem and assertiveness also revealed a positive relationship (r = 0.367, P = 0.001). The significant correlation between these variables indicates a need for regular assessment among the youth. Rising self-esteem and training in assertiveness help the individual to use his emotions wisely and improve emotional intelligence.

Alignment of Player and Non-Player Character Assertiveness Levels

With the intent to broaden videogames’ audiences, and based on the Media Equation study on the law of similarity–attraction, we propose aligning the NPCs’ assertiveness level to the player’s own assertiveness level. We developed a testbed game, a 2D puzzle platformer with a companion NPC, with two versions of the NPC’s behavior, one for each end of the assertiveness scale. We conducted a 2x2, between-subjects experiment (n=48), in which Assertive and Non-Assertive subjects were randomly matched with one of the NPCs. Subjects recognized the NPC’s personality type, giving a significantly higher assertiveness score to the NPC endowed with assertive characteristics. Non-Assertive players reported significantly higher Tension scores when interacting with the Assertive NPC than when interacting with the Non-Assertive NPC. However, based on assertiveness level alignment, there was neither a significant difference in the enjoyment of the experience nor in the player’s affinity for the NPC.

Güvengenlik, Öz Duyarlık ve Sosyal Kaygı Arasındaki İlişkiler

In this study, it is aimed to determine the assertiveness of self-compassion and predictability of social anxiety. The study group consisted of 415 (Female: 206, Male: 209) adult participants living in Central Anatolia. In this study, the Assertiveness Scale, Social Anxiety Scale and Self-Compassion Scale and personal information form developed by the researcher were used. Hierarchical regression analysis, t test and ANOVA and pearson correlation were used for data analysis. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the marital status, gender and economic level did not significantly differentiate social anxiety scores. On the other hand, perceived parental attitude and education level significantly differentiated social anxiety scores. In the hierarchical regression analysis, it was found that the self-compassion and assertiveness scores of the participants predicted social anxiety. Considering these research data, it is thought that it is very important that preventive and protective mental health service providers include practices that will give them self-compasssion and assertiveness skills. It is thought that psychological counselors working in school guidance services should include these studies in the fields of personal and social service when planning activities. In addition, it is important for parents to bring these characteristics to their children in order to socialize.

"Demand what you prefer": the role of sexual assertiveness among HIV-infected women

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate sexual assertiveness among HIV-infected women, and to address the relationship between sexual assertiveness, sociodemographic characteristics, sexual and fertility profile, and HIV-related variables in this population. Design: A cross sectional study. Methods: The research was conducted with a sample of 93 eligible HIV-infected women referred to Imam Khomeini hospital between September 2016 and January 2018. The Hurlbert Index of Sexual Assertiveness was used to assess sexual assertiveness. Results: Mean and standard deviation of sexual assertiveness was 51.33 (20.16). We found a significant relationship between age (p = 0.04), education (p = 0.03), pregnancy experience (p = 0.003), age at the time of first sexual contact (p = 0.005), and disclosure of HIV sero-status to sexual partners (p = 0.05) and sexual assertiveness. Binary logistic regression results showed that age (p = 0.04), having live children (p = 0.003), and disclosure of HIV sero-status to sexual partners (p = 0.04) could significantly predict sexual assertiveness score. Conclusion: Our findings showed that level of sexual assertiveness in HIV sero-positive women deserves more attention. In addition, consideration should be given to sexual health related issues and sexual assertiveness skills during routine HIV care appointments.