Assertive Speech Act Research Articles

Tindak Tutur Asertif Dalam Podcast Bersama Sherly Annavita Pada Kanal Youtube Inilahcom

This research aims to describe assertive illocutionary speech acts in podcasts with Sherly Annavita on the YouTube channel inicom. The data collection methods and techniques used in this research are the listening method and the skillful free-involved listening technique. The data analysis methods and techniques used in this research are the matching method and the technique of selecting determining elements. The presentation of the analysis results in this research uses informal techniques. The results of this research show that the most dominant type of assertive speech act is speech stating a number of 10 data; Next, the speech explaining, the speech informing, and the speech giving an opinion each contain 6 data.

Speech Acts on Instagram comments about G20 Indonesia

Speech acts in someone's comments show a person's perception, interpretation and attitude towards something they read. This research aims to reveal the reading position in the comments of 3 posts on Instagram @indonesia.g20. The focus of this research is to describe the forms of comment speech acts on Instagram and show the reading position. The data source for this research has been the Instagram account @indonesia.g20 as the official Instagram account for the 2022 Indonesian G20 Presidency. This research method uses a mixed method. Comment data was analyzed using a speech act analysis framework and a reading position analysis framework. Quantitatively this research found 37 comments which included comments with 22% assertive speech act, 32% directive speech act, and 46% expressive speech acts. Meanwhile, reading positions based on performative speech acts include hegemonic reading position 62%, negotiated reading position 27%, and oppositional reading position 11%. Qualitatively it can be concluded that the comments on the 3 Instagram posts are positive comments in the form of expressive speech acts. This means that these commentators tend to like and support the implementation of the 2022 G20 Indonesia presidency on Instagram.

Speech Acts and Politeness Strategies on Student’s Conversation at SMPN 3 Binjai

The study's goal is to pinpoint the manners and speech patterns used by SMP N 3 Binjai students. Analytical qualitative analysis was employed by the researcher. Students were the research subject. The research instrument was observation. This study design was based on descriptive qualitative research. The most prevalent speech act utilized by the English instructor and pupils at SMP N 3 Binjai during instruction and learning in the classroom is a directive speech act, according to the conclusion reached through the data analysis procedure. The researcher found 104 utterances were identified as Politeness, 38 as Positive Politeness, and 30 indirect Politeness. It means that 75% of them are positive politeness utterances and 16% are negative politeness, According to the discussion above, it can be stated that Positive Politeness is the predominant form of politeness utilized by students at SMP N 3 Binjai during the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The researcher found that the percentage of the most dominant speech act used by students was 40 % for Directive within 38 frequency utterances and the second Assertive speech act was 33 % within 34 frequency and the total percentage was 73 %. The researcher concluded the most dominant Speech act was the Directive. The findings suggest that Mark Rutte employs a positive rather than a negative politeness style. It is a sign that Mark Rutte wishes to approach or treat his recipient like a friend by employing more considerate manners.

The Analysis Assertive Speech Acts in the Book of Genesis in Indonesian Translation of the Bible

The Bible is one of the religious discourses that contains forms of speech acts. One type of speech act which dominates in the Bible is assertive speech act. It is supported by the statements contained in the Bible are dogmatic and filled with a proportion of validity that is believed to be true. One of the scriptures in the Bible is The Book of Genesis. Genesis is the first chapter of the Bible and begins with the story of the creation of the heavens, the earth, and everything in it. Genesis is very important in the history of biblical periodization. Genesis contains a variety of types and forms of assertive speech acts. This research is a qualitative-descriptive study. The data were collected using the read and write technique, then classified and analyzed using the pragmatic equivalent method. Then, the data are presented with descriptive procedure. This research reviewed 20 data of assertive speech acts in the Genesis with details: assertive speech acts-acknowledging amounted to 2 data, assertive speech acts-demanding amounted to 5 data, assertive speech acts-declaring amounted to 6 data, assertive speech acts-giving testimony amounted to 3 data, assertive speech acts announcing amounted to 2 data, and assertive speech acts-reporting amounted to 2 data. Based on the form, assertive speech acts in the book of Genesis are detailed into 15 forms of direct speech acts and 5 forms of indirect speech acts.

TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI DALAM ACARA GOYANG JEMBER DI RADIO PROSALINA FM

This research aims to describe the illocutionary speech acts performed between the announcer and callers in the "Goyang Jember" (Gober) program. This research is expected to be beneficial in understanding the factors that cause a mass media program to have many followers, particularly in terms of language aspects. This research falls under the category of qualitative descriptive research. The research data consists of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences uttered by the announcer and 20 different callers. The data source for this research is taken from the conversations between the announcer and callers in September 2022, which were uploaded on the Prosalina FM YouTube account. The data collection stage uses the observation method with the technique of non-participant observation and note-taking. The data analysis stage employs the pragmatic equivalence method. Based on the results of the data analysis, it was found that the conversations between the announcer and callers contain five types of illocutionary speech acts, namely assertive, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarative. The most dominant speech act is the assertive speech act. This is because Gober is a relaxed program that allows listeners to have casual conversations or small talk with the announcer through phone calls. The declarative speech act is the least frequently used. The other forms of speech acts are quite often used as variations in the discourse to make the conversation warm, more friendly, maintain politeness, create a pleasant atmosphere, and avoid boredom.

He Markers of Concession in Assertive Speech Acts in American and Bulgarian Discussion Programmes

he Markers of Concession in Assertive Speech Acts in American and Bulgarian Discussion Programmes

WOMEN UNDERREPRESENTATION IN THE MUSIC INDUSTRY REFLECTED FROM TAYLOR SWIFT’S BILLBOARD “WOMAN OF THE DECADE” SPEECH

Studies on women underrepresentation within various fields have been widely conducted, indicating that people are well-aware of the issue. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to women underrepresentation in the music industry. Thus, this research focuses on examining the issue through Taylor Swift’s Billboard “Woman of the Decade” speech. Critical Discourse Analysis approach was applied in this research. The data were taken from Taylor Swift’s speech transcript, which was accessible in Billboard’s official website (www.billboard.com). It can be concluded that Taylor Swift’s speech reflects issue of women underrepresentation in the music industry through at least two linguistic features, namely pronouns and assertive speech act. The use of inclusive pronouns “we” and “us” in her speech supports that women tend to seek intimacy and build strong relationship with their peers, while the exclusive pronoun “they” was employed to refer to people who criticized women in the music industry. Furthermore, Taylor Swift used assertive speech act to be vocal about the issue of unfair treatment received by women in the industry, as well as to empower them to keep on making music under any circumstances, breaking society’s stereotype that women are not likely to be assertive.
 Keywords: critical discourse analysis; music industry; women underrepresentation

Tindak Tutur Asertif, Direktif, Ekspresif Dalam Lirik Lagu حمود الخضر /Humood Al-Khudher/

This study discusses the form of illocutionary speech acts in Humūd Al Khudher's songs entitled Kun Anta (كُنْ أَنْتَ), and Salamy (سلامي). The purpose of this study was to identify the form of illocutionary speech acts in Kun Anta (كُنْ أَنْتَ) and Salamy (سلامي). The method used in this study is the listening method which is continued with the basic tapping technique then continued with the advanced technique I, namely the capable free listening technique (SBLC) and continued with the advanced technique II, namely the recording technique. An assertive speech act is a utterance intended to bind the speaker to something that happened, to the truth of the proposition that is expressed and can be judged right and wrong. the assertive type of utterance in the lyrics of Humūd Al-Khuḍer's song is to inform and affirm. A directive speech act is a speech intended by a speaker to make a speech partner do something, the directive type of utterance in the lyrics of Humūd Al-Khuḍer's song is to advise. And expressive speech acts are utterances intended to express the psychological state of the speaker specified in the propositional content, the expressive type of utterance in the lyrics of Humūd Al-Khuḍer's song is regret, respect and giving do'a.

ANALISIS IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPAN PADA FILM “LOSMEN BU BROTO” KARYA EDDIE CAHYONO DAN IFA ISFANSYAH

This study aims to describe the conversational implicature contained in the film entitled Losmen Bu Broto. This study used descriptive qualitative method which describes the situations or phenomena occuring with scientific methods to solve real problems. The data used in this study were conversations in the film Losmen Bu Broto by Eddie Cahyono and Ifa Isfansyah. The data were analyzed in 4 stages, namely identification, reduction, classification, and data interpretation. The results of the study showed that there were 16 implicature data in the film entitled Losmen Bu Broto consisting of 7 assertive speech data, 3 directive speech data, 5 expressive speech data, and 1 declarative speech data. The most common speech act in this film was assertive speech act. Meanwhile, commissive speech was not found in this study.

The Assertive (Report and Statement) Speech Act Based on Politeness Strategy in Japanese Companies Communication

Japanese are known to have a very unique work culture. One of the characteristics of Japanese work culture is Hourensou. Hourensou is an important way of how you report to your superiors and colleagues in a Japanese business setting. This study aims to clarify how the practice of assertive (report and statement) speech act in Japanese between superiors to subordinates in the communication frame in Japanese companies. The methods in this study are case study, literature studies, focus group discussion, and interview of 20workers of Japanese Company in Indonesia, with various position from staff to manager. The results show that the practice of the assertive speech act and politeness strategy implemented between superiors to subordinates in Japanese companies. The results also show the similarity and differences between Indonesian and Japanese communication culture at work. The findings of the study have some pedagogical implications,especially to overcome the difficulties and language errors made by Japanese language learners. Beside that, this study also expected as an effort to improve communication skill from graduates of Japanese language education study programs in society, especially into Japanese companies or institutions that use Japanese language as a communication way

Directive and Assertive Speech Acts in the Short Story Sleep Deprived by Charissa E

This study aims to find out the types of directive and assertive speech acts contained in the short story entitled Sleep Deprived by Charissa E. The data source in this research is the short story Sleep Deprived by Charissa E which was published on the short story site mu.com in March 2021 through a Pragmatic study. Speech Act. The research method uses qualitative methods that can be used to examine the objects studied naturally and as they are. In qualitative research, the task of the researcher is as a key instrument in collecting data which will later be studied and analyzed. The data collection technique used is observation followed by a documentation study. Documentation studies are carried out by analyzing pragmatic speech acts related to Directive, Assertive, Directive, and Commissive aspects. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are 19 speech acts divided into 9 directive speech acts in the form of questions, 5 directive speech acts in the form of orders, and 5 assertive speech acts in the form of statements in the short story. Hopefully this research can be an alternative reference for other researchers who want to research pragmatic speech acts, especially about directive and assertive speech acts in short stories.

Nonveridicality and the Use of οὐ and μή in Rhetorical Questions in Classical Greek

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the distribution of the ancient Greek negatives οὐ and μή in rhetorical questions, particularly in those which are equivalent to an assertive speech act. Traditionally, their use in this context has been described after the answer that usually follows the question without any further explanation: οὐ favours a positive answer, while μή favours a negative one. However, this rule does not always hold true. A theoretical framework that may explain their distribution is nonveridicality. Nonveridicality is applied to those operators that do not presuppose their proposition to be true or false. In fact, the use of μή with the indicative mood in this type of rhetorical question can be explained as characteristic of a nonveridical operator. Thus, μή is used in confirmative questions to signal that the proposition goes against the speaker’s expectations without implying its falsity. In turn, οὐ would be the general negative, so it can appear both in questions with reversed polarity and in confirmative questions whose proposition conforms to the speaker’s expectations. It must be noted that the study includes the use of οὐ and μή combined with other particles such as ἆρα, ἦ, or οὖν, since they exhibit the same properties in those cases.

Racism Toward Chinese Ethnic Group in Indonesian Social Media: Hate Speeches Analysis from Forensic Linguistic Perspective

Anti-Chinese sentiments are still deeply ingrained in the Indonesian public discourse. The issue of their identity and position triggers to many discriminatory actions toward them. The purpose of this study is to analyze hate speech against Chinese ethnic group expressed in Indonesian social media which has officially evaluated as a legal offense by the authorities. The theories of speech acts from Austin (1962) and Searle (1969) for a forensic linguistic study are employed to examine the hate speech as utterances and evaluate them in the context of Indonesian legal regulations. The data were obtained from Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung from 2019 - 2021. The results of the analysis reveal that hate speech portrays hurtful feelings and harmful attitudes. It is reflected by malice (expressive speech act), insult, or accuse (assertive speech act), persuasions so that others commit crimes (directive speech act), and crime plans in the future (commissive speech act). Then, there are ten forms of pejorative labels for the Chinese ethnic group. Race-based hate speeches expressed in the online media are prohibited according to Article 28 paragraph (2) of The ITE Law Article Number 19 of 2016. They are prejudiced action, violate human rights and cannot be considered as freedom of opinion and democracy because of their dangerous perlocutionary effects. The effects can provoke discriminatory action and even crime. Keywords: anti-Chinese, chinese ethnic group forensic linguistics, hate speech, racism.

Lecturers’ Assertive Speech Acts in Teaching English

This research objectives is to find out the lecturers’ assertive speech acts in teaching English. The method used in this research is qualitative research method. The participant are the lecturers in English Eduation Study program of FKIP UKI Toraja. The instruments used to collect the data are interview and observation. The data analyzes by Miles and Huberman theory. The lecturers’ assertive speech acts in teaching English at English Education Study Program of FKIP UKI Toraja are are (1) Assetive used to explaining the material, evaluating the students, opening the class, and concluding the lesson. It is expressed directly and indirectly which function as statement and command. (2) Affirmative used to explaining the material, asking about the term, giving example, concluding the lesson and sharing experience. The utterances expressed directly and indirectly which functions as statement, question, command, and request. The syntactic forms are declarative and interrogative. (3) Informative used by the lecturer to explain the material in teaching and learning process. The utterance categorized as direct speech act which functions as statement.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Speech Acts in Reagan’s First Inaugural Speech

This paper is primarily concerned with analysing speech acts as a sequence manifested in Reagan’s First Inaugural Speech. It aims to analyse the whole five forms of speech acts pragmatically in identified political speech, as described by Searle, 1969 (assertive, directive, commissive, expressive and declarative). To this end, a mixed method research is used. Qualitative part is used to describe and analyse types of speech acts in the selected data using a proposed model of two theories. It merges the theory of speech acts of Searle (1969) and Ferrara's theory of speech acts within sequences (1980). The quantitative part analyses the frequencies and percentages of speech acts types. The findings indicated that the assertive speech act is most frequently used by president Reagan. Thus, the findings of the present study would help researchers who are concerned with the study of language particularly people engaged within specialization of pragmatics. In addition, the study might be a useful for EFL / ESL learners since it attempts to discover speech acts' types and subtypes.

Manifestation of Cocoa Commodity Issues: A Pragmatic Analysis of a Comparison of Newspaper Headlines between Malaysia and Indonesia

World Bank (2020) show a total of 570 million agro-commodity farms are managed by smallholder communities across the globe. The involvement of smallholder communities in the field of cocoa ventures in terms of productivity issues, challenges and constraints through pragmatic analysis of newspaper headlines to preserve cocoa commodities is very poorly explored. Meanwhile, the mass media through the role of the press in channeling information on agricultural development education is very significant to the smallholder community. Thus, this study aims to analyze a pragmatic comparison of the presentation of cocoa commodity issues through the type of speech act in newspaper headlines in Malaysia and Indonesia. Quantitative and qualitative research approach through content analysis were used to analyze the theme of cocoa commodities in selected newspaper headlines in Malaysia and Indonesia. Data related to cocoa commodity issues were gathered randomly covering 50 data from the Malaysian newspaper and 75 data from Indonesian newspaper. Newspaper headline data from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques through the framework of Speech Act Theory (Searle 1969). The results of the study found that a total of five types of speech act are often used in newspaper headlines related to cocoa commodities in Malaysia and Indonesia. The findings of the study in Malaysia showed that the type of assertive speech act (48.0%) was dominant compared to the type of speech act that is directive (10.0%), commissive (22.0%) and declarative (20.0%). Meanwhile, in Indonesia, the findings found that the type of assertive speech act (48.0%) was dominant compared to the type of speech act that is directive (13.3%), commissive (16.0%), expressive (10.7%) and directive (12.0%). Clearly, comparative study between the two countries shows that the type of assertive speech act is more dominant in the manifestation of cocoa commodity issues. It is in line with the function of the press to report on the development of the country's agricultural sector.

Realization Of Assertive Speech Acts Performed By The National University Debating Championship Grand Final 2020

This study was focused on evaluating the realization of the assertive speech acts performed by the government and opposition teams in the NUDC Grand Final 2020. The analysis included the analysis of assertive speech acts, the comparison between the assertive speech act performed by both teams, and the pedagogical implication toward English education. The results of the study showed that twelve types of assertive speech acts were found in their utterances during their speech, such as asserting, arguing, informing, claiming, predicting, suggesting, stating, criticizing, rebutting, reminding, complaining, and reporting assertive speech act in which stating assertive speech act had achieved significant used during the government teams’ speeches. Meanwhile, arguing and criticizing assertive speech act almost reached the highest number of altogether just slightly below stating assertive speech act which confirmed that aside from the declarative statements employed within the arguments, the opposition team was revealed to show their strong disagreement toward the government team’s arguments. Moreover, the realization of the assertive speech act helps English education students to build their communicative skills by considering the purpose and structure of the assertive speech act. For further study, it is expected that future research could examine the combination of assertive speech act and the other speech acts in the debate since the speakers do not merely use assertive speech acts. Since this study also focused on the pedagogical implication for English education, it would be better if future research could scrutinize the implementation of speech acts during the ESL or EFL classroom.

An Analysis of Implicature Forms and Functions in the Film Ajari Aku Islam

This research aimed to express the implicature of forms and functions in the film Ajari Aku Islam. This research used descriptive qualitative research. The source of the research was the utterances among the characters in the film Ajari Aku Islam. The data were collected by listening and taking notes technique with advanced method of uninvolved conversation observation technique.The finding of the research in this film that the researcher found conventional and conversational implicatures. The forms of conversational implicature in this research was revealed through violation of the cooperative principle which included: a) the quantity maxim violation, b) the quality maxim violation, c) the relationship maxim violation, and d) the way maxim violation. Next, the functions of the implicature in the film Ajari Aku Islam were: a) the function of implicature in directive speech act, b) the implicature function in expressive speech act, c) the implicature function in assertive speech act, d) the implicature function in commissive speech act, and e) the function implicature in declarative speech act. Between conventional and conversational implicature, conversational implicature was more dominant. Likewise the maxim violation and the function implicature, both were equally dominant.

An Analysis of Assertive Speech Acts in Post Handshake Speeches of President Uhuru Kenyatta and the Former Prime Minister Raila Odinga in Kenya

Verbal communication through speech acts allows human beings to interact within the society. However, the goal of communication is only met if the speaker and listener understand one another. This research aims to analyze assertive illocutionary speech acts in post handshake speeches of President Uhuru Kenyatta and the former Prime Minister Raila Odinga in Kenya. The research applied the Speech Act theory by Austin (1962) and Searle (1969) since the goal of communication through language is constrained by Speech Acts. The research was anchored on a descriptive research design. Data was collected from recorded speeches on you-tube through checklists. The sample size consisted of 20 selected speeches that were sampled through downsizing sampling techniques. Through descriptive quantitative analysis 125 assertive utterances were revealed. The analysis reveals that both President Uhuru Kenyatta (52%) and Former Prime Minister Raila Amolo Odinga used assertives in their post handshake speeches (48%). In both speeches asserting was the most dominant act (33%) uttered by both President Uhuru Kenyatta and former Prime Minister Raila Amolo Odinga. Other acts included reporting (23%), explaining (22%), showing something (12%) and suggesting (10%). The findings also show the use of language in political speeches aims at achieving a certain communicative intent such as persuasion. The study recommends that the government, policy makers, and stakeholders should always pay close attention to the political leaders’ language use in regard to a key subject such as peace, nationhood and unity. This is because the politicians may misinterpret any ideology and political intentions in illocutionary acts that it being sold to masses.

Assertive Speech Acts in Donald Trump’s Presidential Speeches

This research investigates assertive speech acts in Donald Trump’s presidential speeches. It classifies the assertive speech acts based on their illocutionary forces according to Bach and Harnish (1979). The data were taken from three speeches by Donald Trump. The results show that the illocutionary forces of assertive speech acts found in the speeches are affirming, alleging, asserting, avowing, claiming, declaring, denying, maintaining, propounding, saying, and stating. The act of stating is the most commonly used (44%). The findings suggest that Trump uses the act of stating mostly because he wants the hearer to believe him that the policies he has made are the best for the United States.