Asprosin Levels Research Articles

The Associations between Asprosine, Clusterin, Zinc Alpha-2-Glycoprotein, Nuclear Factor Kappa B, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in the Development of Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the circulating levels of asprosin, clusterin, zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) in patients with T2DM in relation to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Measuring these biomarkers may provide insight into the pathophysiology of T2DM and indicate novel targets for the therapy of diabetes-related complications. Methods: A total of 260 subjects consisting of four groups: healthy controls (Group-1), T2DM patients without complications (Group-2), T2DM patients with microvascular complications (Group-3), and T2DM patients with macrovascular complications (Group-4). Results: The mean age of all subjects was 52.96 ± 6.4, 127 of whom were male. Asprosin, clusterin, and NF-κB levels were significantly higher, while ZAG and PPAR-γ levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients than healthy subjects (p < 0.01, for all). Asprosin (p < 0.01), clusterin (p < 0.01), and NF-κB (p: 0.002) levels were significantly higher and PPAR-γ (p < 0.01) level was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in Group-3 than Group-2. Asprosin (p < 0.01) and NF-κB (p: 0.011) levels were significantly higher while ZAG (p < 0.01) level was significantly lower in Group-4 than Group-2. Serum ZAG level was found lower in Group-4 than in Group-3 (p = 0.037). Further, the biomarkers presented significant correlation with biomarkers like HbA1c and HOMA-IR. It was observed that increasing serum asprosin, clusterin, and NF-κB levels and decreasing serum PPAR-γ levels were effective in the development of microvascular complications while the increased asprosin levels and decreased ZAG levels had a significant effect on the development of macrovascular complications in the binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: This study confirms that altered levels of asprosin, clusterin, ZAG, NF-κB, and PPAR-γ are associated with T2DM and its complications. These biomarkers reflect the pathophysiological processes of metabolic disturbance and inflammation in T2DM and, therefore, have the potential for use in targeted interventions to prevent and manage diabetes-related complications.

Impact of asprosin, interleukin-6, and adiponectin on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic pancreatitis

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a clinical condition often associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies, severely impacting patients’ quality of life. It has been identified that asprosin, a glucogenic protein, is a key player in carbohydrate metabolism and chronic inflammation. Elevated levels of asprosin, along with changes in interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and adiponectin, may contribute to the pathophysiology of EPI in patients with T2DM and CP. Objective — to investigate the levels of asprosin, IL‑6, and adiponectin and their correlation with exocrine pancreatic function in patients with T2DM and CP. Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients treated at Kharkiv Regional Clinical Hospital from 2020 to 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=70) with comorbid T2DM and CP, and Group 2 (n=30) with T2DM alone. The control group included 20 healthy individuals. Blood levels of asprosin, IL‑6, and adiponectin were measured using immunoassays. Fecal elastase‑1 (FE‑1) levels were used to assess exocrine pancreatic function. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the relationships between these markers. Results. Asprosin levels were significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and the control group, with the highest levels observed in patients with comorbid T2DM and CP (10.06±3.56 ng/ml). IL‑6 levels were also elevated in Group 1 (64.44±4.35 pg/ ml), indicating heightened inflammation. Adiponectin levels were lower in Group 1 (2.80±0.38 ng/ml), correlating with worse metabolic profiles. FE‑1 levels were markedly reduced in Group 1 (142.2±6.3 mg/ g), confirming severe EPI. Significant correlations were found between asprosin levels and IL‑6 (positive correlation, r=0.49, p&lt;0.01), as well as between asprosin levels and FE‑1 (negative correlation, r=–0.52, p&lt;0.01). In the group of patients with isolated T2DM, significant moderate negative correlations were found between asprosin levels and adiponectin (r=–0.47, p&lt;0.05) and FE‑1 (r=–0.44, p&lt;0.05). The study also demonstrated a strong negative correlation between adiponectin and IL‑6 (r=–0.61, p&lt;0.01) in patients with comorbid T2DM and CP. Conclusions. Elevated asprosin levels in patients with T2DM and CP are associated with increased inflammation and reduced exocrine pancreatic function. The significant correlations between asprosin, IL‑6, and FE‑1 suggest that asprosin could serve as a clinically valuable biomarker for assessing metabolic and inflammatory status in these patients. The findings highlight the complex interaction between metabolic and inflammatory pathways in the development of EPI.

12374 A Prospective Study Of Plasma Levels Of Asprosin And Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among Postmenopausal Women In The Women’s Health Initiative

Abstract Disclosure: B. Yang: None. J. Li: None. E.S. Silva: None. L.S. Phillips: None. J.E. Manson: None. A.P. Reiner: None. A.R. Chopra: None. S. Liu: None. Background: Asprosin, a 30-kDa hormone identified from white adipose tissue, has been shown to play key roles in regulating hepatic glucose release and appetite stimulation. Despite an increasing body of experimental studies demonstrating asprosin as a promising therapeutic target, little is known about its distribution in the general population particularly concerning its association with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objectives: To evaluate whether higher plasma levels of asprosin are associated with incident T2D among postmenopausal women independently of known risk factors for T2D. Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), including 5,198 participants free of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer at baseline (2,602 incident T2D cases and 2,596 controls). Plasma levels of asprosin were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. We used conditional logistic regression models to estimate the association between asprosin and T2D risk with adjustment for matching variables (age, race, sampling batch), education, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, family history of diabetes, age at menopause, total energy intake, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and multivitamin use. Results: Approximately 43% of participants were white and the mean age at baseline was 63 years. The median plasma levels of asprosin were 38 (IQR: 30, 50) pmoL/L in the controls and 39 (IQR: 31, 50) pmoL/L among those who developed T2D during follow-up. Compared with the participants in the lowest quintile of plasma levels of asprosin at baseline, those in the highest quintile had a 26% increased risk of T2D (adjusted odds ratio: OR: 1.26 [95% CIs, 1.01, 1.57], p for trend=0.03) in the fully adjusted model. The OR estimates exhibited a large variation across race and BMI, although there was a linear dose-response relation between levels of asprosin and T2D risk (p for nonlinear=0.44). Genetic analysis revealed that women with the heterozygous allele (CG) at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs56407701 had higher levels of asprosin compared to women with the homozygous reference allele (CC). Further, Mendelian Randomization analysis revealed that genetically predicted asprosin levels were associated with higher T2D risk. Conclusion: Among postmenopausal women, higher plasma levels of asprosin were prospectively associated with elevated T2D risk independent of known T2D risk factors. Further work is needed to confirm the potential causal role of this peptide hormone in the clinical risk stratification and potential prevention of T2D. Presentation: 6/2/2024

The association of plasma asprosin with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in Korean children and adolescents.

This study aimed to determine the correlation of plasma asprosin with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in Korean children and adolescents. This single-center study included 109 Korean children and adolescents: 62 (56.9%) obese participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile and 47 (43.1%) healthy controls with BMI between the 15th and 85th percentile. Metabolic parameters were measured, including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, and lipid profiles. Plasma asprosin levels were higher in the obese group than in the control group (mean 87.0 vs. 69.3 ng/mL; p = 0.001) and in the IR group than in the non-IR group (mean 98.6 vs. 70.2 ng/mL; p < 0.001). Plasma asprosin levels were not associated with sex or pubertal stage. Plasma asprosin levels were positively correlated with BMI SDS (r = 0.34; p = 0.002), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r = 0.25; p = 0.02), glucose (r = 0.33; p = 0.002), insulin (r = 0.44; p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.47; p < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (r = 0.33; p = 0.003), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = -0.29; p = 0.008), and TyG index (r = 0.38; p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that plasma asprosin levels were independently associated with HOMA-IR (p < 0.001) and TG/HDL cholesterol ratio (p < 0.001). This study demonstrated an association between plasma asprosin levels and obesity and insulin resistance in Korean children and adolescents.

The Association between Leptin and Asprosin Levels in Female Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Leptin and asprosin are adipokines secreted by white adipose tissue. The leptin and asprosin molecules have many functions in the central nervous system and other functions of the body: Appetite, glucose ‎metabolism, ‎insulin resistance, and cellular death. Objectives: The study aims to determine the potential relationship between leptin and asprosin hormones in female patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Methods: The present study was conducted in Al-Mahmodia Hospital / Baghdad and the laboratories of the College of Science for Girls / University of Baghdad / Iraq, for the period from 1/11/2023 to 1/2/ 2024. This study is a comparative analysis of several essential biomarkers ‎found in the sera of individuals with diabetes via estimating leptin, asprosin, fasting blood glucose, glycated ‎hemoglobin, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in females with type II diabetes mellitus. The study consisted of 60 participants grouped into: Group I (30 females ‎with diabetes), and group II (30 healthy females). The Biochemical ‎parameters of every participant were ascertained. The quantification of leptin and asprosin in the serum was conducted using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The levels of leptin and asprosin were markedly high in the diabetic group [(‎5.1 ± 0.69‎‎), and (10.3 ± 1.07)] compared with the control group [(2.0 ± 0.48), and (1.6 ± 0.16)] respectively, with a significant difference. Conclusion: Despite the high levels of leptin and asprosin in female patients with Type II diabetes mellitus, the relationship between leptin and asprosin was a weak negative one.

Hydroxytyrosol has a cardioprotective effect through dardarin and asprosin

IntroductionIn this investigation, we explored the potential involvement of dardarin (LRRK2) and asprosin in the protective efficacy of hydroxytyrosol (HT) against heart damage induced by corn syrup in rats.Material and methodsThe research was conducted at the Adıyaman University Experimental Research Center during the period from December 8, 2021, to July 12, 2023. Rats were categorized into four groups (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6) as follows: control, HT, corn syrup, and corn syrup + HT. Over a span of 6 weeks, rats were administered water infused with 30% corn syrup. Simultaneously, a 4 ml/kg/day solution containing HT was orally administered, both independently and in conjunction with corn syrup, throughout the 6-week period. The molecular parameters of LRRK2 and asprosin in the cardiac tissue were assessed through histopathological examination.ResultsIn this study, it was observed that the LRRK2 level increased and the asprosin level decreased in the control group as a result of administration of corn syrup. After HT treatment, the LRRK2 level decreased non-significantly, while the asprosin level increased significantly. No difference was seen in the HT-only group compared to the control.ConclusionsThe protective effect of HT against damage to the heart due to corn syrup consumption may be mediated by LRRK2 and asprosin.

White Tea Consumption Alleviates Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Patients

Background and Objectives: Obesity and related disorders are an increasing global health problem. Achieving and maintaining long-term weight loss through lifestyle changes and/or pharmacological interventions have not met expectations. Dietary supplements and alternative treatments have also shown limited effectiveness in this regard. The consumption of green tea in general has been shown to benefit obese patients, with effects attributed to caffeine, catechins, polyphenols and other components. However, the potential of white tea to prevent and treat the negative effects of obesity has not been addressed so far. In this study, the effect of white tea (WT) consumption in obese individuals was anthropometrically and biochemically investigated. Materials and Methods: Based on anthropometric and biochemical assessments, the patients were assigned to the control, orlistat, metformin and WT groups. Patients were given a diet and exercise program and one of either orlistat, metformin or WT for 12 weeks. At the end of the 12th week, the anthropometric and biochemical measurements were reassessed. Results: Body weight, waist circumference and BMI parameters decreased significantly in all groups. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and MMP-9 levels decreased significantly in the WT group. In addition, contrary to a significant elevation in HDL-C, the serum cholesterol, LDL-C and TG levels decreased significantly. Furthermore, leptin, ghrelin and asprosin levels decreased significantly. Serum glucose levels decreased significantly in all groups except for the control. In the WT group, while there was a significant decrease in the levels of serum PL MDA and 8-OHdG, the opposite was true for GSH. Conclusions: The oral consumption of WT, its availability and its potency in obesity treatment and prevention pave the way for further delineation of the mechanisms of actions of its bioactive compounds at the cellular and endocrinological levels.

Determination of asprosin levels and analysis of correlative relationships with carbohydrate metabolism indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic pancreatitis

Objective — to investigate asprosin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) and to analyze the correlations between asprosin levels and carbohydrate metabolism indicators in these patients. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 100 patients treated at the Kharkiv Regional Clinical Hospital from 2020 to 2022. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group (n=30) included patients with type 2 DM, and the second group (n=70) comprised patients with comorbid type 2 DM and CP. The control group consisted of 20 healthy persons of comparable age. Diagnoses of CP and type 2 DM were established according to the approved protocols of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Asprosin levels in the blood were determined using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fasting blood glucose and insulin concentrations were studied, and the HOMA‑IR index was calculated. Results. The obtained results showed statistically significant differences in the level of asprosin between the groups of patients and the control group. Patients with comorbid type 2 DM and CP had significantly higher asprosin levels (10.06±3.56 ng/ml) compared to those with type 2 DM alone (7.34±2.08 ng/ml) and the control group (2.81±1.34 ng/ml). Correlation analysis revealed moderate positive correlations between asprosin and insulin levels (r=0.41) and HOMA index (r=0.47) in patients with type 2 DM without CP. In patients with comorbid type 2 DM and CP, moderate correlations were observed between asprosin levels and insulin (r=0.52) and HOMA index (r=0.53). Conclusions. Asprosin is an important adipokine that influences the development of insulin resistance and inflammatory processes in type 2 DM and CP. The highest asprosin levels were observed in the group with comorbid type 2 DM and CP. Moderate positive correlations were established between asprosin levels and insulin levels, as well as the HOMA‑IR index in patients from both groups. This suggests asprosin as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in type 2 DM and its complications.

Spirulina supplementation and circuit resistance training (CRT) reduce serum asprosin and appetite and improve energy balance in men with obesity and overweight.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks spirulina supplementation and circuit resistance training (CRT) on asprosin, appetite, and energy balance in men with obesity and overweight. The study comprised a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Sixty men with obesity and overweight (BMI > 25) were selected and randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 15 each) of training plus spirulina, training plus placebo, spirulina, and placebo. The participants of the training groups performed 12 movements with 40-90% maximal repetition (three sessions per week) and the supplemental groups consumed 1000mg of spirulina per day for 8 weeks. Asprosin, appetite using visual analog scales, calorie intake, energy expenditure, and body composition were measured before and after the intervention. To analyze the data, the paired sample t-test, analysis of covariance, Bonferroni post-hoc, and Pearson correlation tests were employed using SPSS (version 20) at a significance level of p < 0.05. After the intervention, asprosin level (P = 0.015, P = 0.015, and P = 0.020, respectively), weight (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively), calorie intake (P = 0.015, P = 0.011, and P = 0.004, respectively), and hunger (P = 0.011, P = 0.015, and P = 0.015, respectively) declined in the training plus spirulina, training plus placebo, and spirulina groups (p < 0.05). In addition, energy expenditure (P = 0.012 and P = 0.015, respectively) and fullness (P = 0.015 and P = 0.011, respectively) increased in the training plus spirulina and training plus placebo groups. The mean changes of the research indicators in the training plus spirulina group were significantly more than those of the other groups (p < 0.001). It was shown that 8 weeks of CRT and spirulina supplementation decreases the level of asprosin and improves appetite and energy balance in men with obesity and overweight.

Asprosin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hypothyroidism: a case-control study

ABSTRACT Purpose The present study aimed to determine the serum level of asprosin, a novel glucogenic and orexigenic hormone, in NAFLD and hypothyroidism patients. Methods This is a case–control study that included three groups of age and sex-matched subjects: hypothyroid patients with NAFLD (n = 26), hypothyroid patients without NAFLD (n = 25) and normal control subjects (n = 27). A detailed clinical history was obtained, and an examination was performed. Laboratory tests included fasting plasma glucose and insulin, lipid profile, TSH, free T4, AST, ALT, albumin, and asprosin. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score was calculated. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed to calculate the hepatorenal index and define participants with NAFLD. The data were statistically analyzed. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the three groups regarding serum asprosin concentration (p < 0.01). Serum asprosin levels were significantly higher in the patients with hypothyroidism and NAFLD compared to both other groups [2.70 ng/mL (2.17–4.10), 1.26 ng/mL (0.96–2.50), and 1.72 ng/mL (1.41–2.12), respectively]. There was no significant difference between the other two groups. There was a significant positive correlation of moderate strength between asprosin and HOMA-IR, BMI, and waist circumference. Asprosin and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD compared to subjects with normal liver (p < 0.001). Conclusion The coexistence of NAFLD and hypothyroidism is more strongly associated with increased asprosin than is the presence of hypothyroidism alone. This could be due to increased insulin resistance as a possible link.

Effects of Febuxostat Therapy on Circulating Adipokine Profiles in Patients with Overweight or Obesity and Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: A Randomized Controlled Study

Introduction: Elevated levels of serum uric acid (SUA) are strongly associated with several components of the metabolic syndrome, particularly obesity. Previous studies have reported the correlation between SUA levels, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity, and the imbalanced adipokine levels that are characteristic of obesity. In this study, we explored the effect of febuxostat on circulating adipokine profiles in patients with overweight or obesity and asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Methods: This study was a single-center, randomized, and controlled clinical trial that enrolled 130 participants with asymptomatic hyperuricemia and obesity. One hundred seventeen participants were included in the final analysis, with 60 participants in the febuxostat group and 57 in the control group. We compared the circulating adipokine levels at 3 and 6 months, including high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, chemerin, omentin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, asprosin, fibroblast growth factor 21, neuregulin-4, leptin, resistin, vaspin, visfatin, adipsin, and assessed the correlation between changes in adipokine levels (Δadipokines) and changes in XOR activity (ΔXOR) after febuxostat treatment. Results: The results showed that an increase in HMW adiponectin and omentin levels and a decrease in chemerin and asprosin levels at 3 or 6 months compared to the control group. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between ΔXOR activity and Δasprosin. Furthermore, after adjusting for triglyceride (ΔTG) and serum uric acid (ΔSUA) in multiple linear regression analyses, we found that ΔXOR activity was independently correlated with Δasprosin. Conclusion: This study may provide important evidence that febuxostat could alleviate the imbalance in circulating adipokine levels in patients with overweight or obesity and asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between changes in asprosin levels and changes in XOR activity after febuxostat treatment.

The effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on echocardiographic indices and antioxidative properties in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and diabetes mellitus.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are a new class of drugs that lower blood glucose and reduce mortality in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). They also have antioxidant effects. The exact mechanism of SGLT-2i is unknown. This study investigated the effects of SGLT-2i on asprosin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP-1) concentrations and echocardiographic measurements of strain in the left heart chamber. This prospective follow-up study included 56 patients with HFrEF and diabetes mellitus (DM) who did not initially receive SGLT-2 inhibitors. The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals. Patients with HFrEF were administered either empagliflozin (n=28) or dapagliflozin (n=28) in addition to their treatment. The patient group was evaluated for left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), left atrial (LA) strain, and LA volumes at the beginning and third month of the study. The control group had blood collected once, while the patient group had it twice: at the start of the trial, on the same day as the echocardiographic evaluation, and at the end of the third month after starting an SGLT-2i. Serum levels of asprosin, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were assessed. LVGLS increased significantly in HFrEF patients at the third-month assessment compared to baseline (-8.6±2.3% vs. -9±2.5%, respectively; p<0.001), but there was no significant difference in LVEF (p=0.593). A substantial increase was observed in the left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF) compared to baseline values (36.3±9.4% vs. 42.1±8.7%, respectively; p<0.001), driven by a reduction in minimal LA volume [32.5 (19-96) ml vs. 32 (20-86) ml, respectively; p=0.018]. Compared to baseline evaluation, LA reservoir [13 (6-25) vs. 16.5 (2-26), respectively; p<0.001] and contraction strain (7.7±4.3 vs. 9.4±5.6, respectively; p=0.014) values were also enhanced at the third month. Between the baseline and the 3rd month, the patient group's LA conduit strain (p=0.122) and LA maximum volume (p=0.716) remained unchanged. Serum asprosin significantly increased (11.7±5.1 ng/mL vs. 14±9.4 ng/mL, respectively; p=0.032); however, no statistically significant alteration was detected in MMP (p=0.278) and TIMP-1 levels (p=0.401). SGLT-2i are associated with elevated levels of LVGLS, LAEF, LA contraction strain, and LA reservoir strain. SGLT-2i medications may improve plasma asprosin levels to boost energy metabolism, reduce oxidative stress and reactive oxygen radicals.

The relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D and serum asprosin in patients with type 2 diabetes in the community.

This study aimed to investigate the link between 25-hydroxy vitamin D and serum asprosin in individuals with type 2 diabetes within the community. The goal was to provide a foundation for clinical interventions. Between November 2019 and July 2021, data from 463 patients with type 2 diabetes were consistently gathered at a community health service station in Southeast Shanxi Province. General information and laboratory metrics were compiled, including serum asprosin levels. The participants were categorized based on three serum asprosin quantiles, allowing for a comparison of various factors among the groups. The correlation between serum asprosin levels and other factors was analyzed. Employing a general linear model, the connection between 25-hydroxy vitamin D and serum asprosin levels was studied. Utilizing three quantiles of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, serum asprosin was treated as the dependent variable, while 25-hydroxy vitamin D served as the independent variable for linear regression analysis. As serum asprosin increased, there were gradual increments in age, disease duration, SBP, BMI, WC, creatinine, and SUA levels (P<0.05). Conversely, HbA1c, HDL-C, GFR, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels exhibited gradual declines (P<0.05). Age, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, SUA, creatinine, and LDL-C emerged as independent influencing factors for serum asprosin. Across the 1st to 3rd 25-hydroxy vitamin D quantiles, elevated 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels correlated with a gradual reduction in mean serum asprosin (P<0.05). Serum asprosin levels demonstrate an inverse correlation with 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in community-dwelling individuals with type 2 diabetes. Serum asprosin levels might independently contribute to 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels.

Asprosin: the potential player in combined double diabetes and hypothyroidism.

Double diabetes is a term used to describe people with type 1 diabetes who are overweight, show signs of insulin resistance, or have a family history of type 2 diabetes. Asprosin is a novel glucogenic adipokine; Asprosin regulates appetite and glucose metabolism. The study aimed to investigate the level of asprosin in people with double diabetes with and without hypothyroidism and its association with markers of insulin resistance. This case-control study was conducted in Iraq between March 2022 and January 2023. One hundred sixty participants were enrolled; the selected participants were classified into three age and sex-matched groups. The first group consisted of eighty healthy controls served as the control group. Of eighty participants with newly discovered DD, half (40) have DD alone, and 40 have both DD and hypothyroidism. Serum asprosin, insulin, thyroid, lipid profile, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin were measured. The estimated glucose disposal rate, triglyceride-glucose index, and HOMA-IR were calculated. Participants with double diabetes had significantly (p ≤ 0.001) greater circulation asprosin levels than subjects in the control group. Comparatively, to double diabetes participants without hypothyroidism, asprosin levels were also higher in double diabetes subjects with hypothyroidism (p ≤ 0.001), and the insulin resistance markers increased in a stepwise way across the asprosin quartiles (p ≤ 0.001). Asprosin significantly correlated with insulin resistance markers, eGDR, plasma glucose, HbA1C, triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C. Elevated asprosin levels might be a potential biomarker for the alteration in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and double diabetes. It may be the missing link between metabolic and endocrine disorders.

Leptin, Ghrelin, Irisin, Asprosin and Subfatin Changes in Obese Women: Effect of Exercise and Different Nutrition Types.

Background and Objectives: In this study, the effects of a six-week training program and various diets on subfatin, asprosin, irisin, leptin, ghrelin and the lipid profile were investigated in overweight women. Materials and Methods: A total of 78 women voluntarily participated in the study. Groups: The study was divided into eight groups: Healthy Control, Obese Control, Obese + Vegetarian, Obese + Ketogenic, Obese + Intermittent Fasting, Obese + Exercise + Vegetarian, Obese + Exercise + Ketogenic and Obese + Exercise + Intermittent Fasting. While there was no intervention in the healthy and obese control groups, the other groups followed predetermined exercise and diet programs for 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the participants in the research group twice (before and after the interventions). An autoanalyzer was used to determine the lipid profile in the blood samples taken, and the ELISA method was used to analyze other parameters. Results: Overall, a significant difference was found in the values of weight, BMI, subfatin, ghrelin, leptin, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL as a result of the exercise and diet interventions (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in asprosin and irisin values (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, regular exercise and dietary interventions in obese women can regulate lipid profile, ghrelin, leptin and asprosin levels, and increasing irisin with exercise can activate lipid metabolism and support positive changes in lean mass.

Effects of atypical antipsychotics on serum asprosin level and other metabolic parameters in patients with schizophrenia

AbstractBackgroundIn this cross‐sectional study, we compared fasting serum asprosin levels and metabolic parameters between patients receiving one of three atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone, or aripiprazole) and healthy subjects.MethodsThe study population included 62 adult outpatients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls, matched for age and gender. Patients were in remission and had been on stable monotherapy with one of these atypical antipsychotics for over 6 months. Body Mass Index (BMI) and fasting serum levels of asprosin, glucose, HA1c, insulin, and lipid profile were compared across the investigated groups. Additionally, the number of participants meeting the insulin resistance criterion, defined as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) &gt;2.5, as well as the number of participants with elevated BMI levels (men &gt;27 kg/m2, women &gt;25 kg/m2) were compared among the groups.ResultsWe observed statistically significant differences in BMI and fasting serum levels of glucose, HA1c, insulin, triglyceride (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and asprosin among patients receiving olanzapine or risperidone, as compared to those receiving aripiprazole and healthy subjects. Patients on aripiprazole exhibited values comparable to healthy subjects, whereas those on risperidone or olanzapine showed significantly higher values, with the highest observed in the olanzapine group. Additionally, the prevalence of participants meeting the insulin resistance criterion and those with elevated BMI was also greater in individuals receiving olanzapine or risperidone compared to those on aripiprazole and healthy subjects. Serum asprosin levels showed a significant positive correlation with BMI and several metabolic parameters, including HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA‐IR, and TG. No significant differences were observed among the investigated groups in terms of serum levels of total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.ConclusionsOur cross‐sectional study highlights the association between elevated asprosin levels, weight gain, and metabolic disorders in patients treated with olanzapine and risperidone. Given the bidirectional nature of the relationship between serum asprosin levels and these metabolic disturbances, further research is warranted to elucidate potential causative pathways.

Are Meteorin-Like Peptide and Asprosin Important in the Diagnosis of Breast Tumors?

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common and leading causes of death in women. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is vital.In this study, meteorin-like (METRNL) peptide and asprosin levels were examined in breast tissue in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast, and the roles of these molecules in the diagnosis of BC were investigated. In this retrospective study, tissues from patients with BC in the Pathology Department Laboratory of Fırat University Faculty of Medicine,Elazığ, Turkey, were used. Samples from 30 patients were used. The control group consisted of healthy breast tissues from the same patients. The pathology group consisted of breast tissues with IDC from the same patients.Breast tissue samples from both groups were evaluated immunohistochemically for METRNL and asprosin. Statistically significant differences were observed between both groups in terms of METRNL and asprosin. It was observed that METRNL and asprosin immunoreactivities were higher in breast tissues with IDC than in healthy breast tissues (p<0.001). When the study results were evaluated, it was seen that there was a significant relationship between healthy breast tissuesand the ones with IDC in terms of METRNL and asprosin. It is thought that both METRNL and asprosin may be really important in the future for the early diagnosis and treatment of BC.

Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and sitagliptin, as add-on to metformin, on serum levels of asprosin and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The effect of sitagliptin and empagliflozin on serum levels of asprosin and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was assessed in a non-randomized, prospective observational study. Seventy-nine T2DM patients, without adequate glycemic control with metformin monotherapy, were included in the study. In addition to the ongoing metformin treatment, patients received sitagliptin 100mg and empagliflozin 10mg once daily for 12weeks. Anthropometric parameters, lipid and glycemic profile, insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index [HOMA-IR]), and asprosin serum levels were assessed at baseline and after 12weeks of therapy. Both empagliflozin and sitagliptin treatments led to similar, significant improvement in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). Compared to baseline, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were improved with both treatments, but empagliflozin led to the more improvement. No significant change of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were observed in either group. Insulin resistance was significantly attenuated in both groups, but to a greater degree with empagliflozin treatment. The reduction in serum asprosin levels from baseline was significantly higher in patients taking empagliflozin compared to those receiving sitagliptin. Additionally, individuals on empagliflozin exhibited a more decrease in body mass index (BMI) and body weight compared to those on sitagliptin. According to our findings, the addition of empagliflozin to metformin appeared to offer greater benefits compared to the addition of sitagliptin in terms of decreasing asprosin levels and improving certain metabolic parameters in T2DM patients.

Evaluating the therapeutic effect of vitamin D and nerolidol on lung injury due to experimental myocardial infarction: The potential role of asprosin and spexin

Injury to internal organs caused by myocardial infarction (MI), although often neglected, is a very serious condition which damages internal organs especially the lungs. Changes in microcirculation can begin with acute lung injury and result in severe respiratory failure. The aim of this study was to create new approaches that will explain the pathophysiology and treatment of the disease by examining the therapeutic effects of vitamin D (VITD) and Nerolidol (NRD) on the injuries of the lungs caused by MI, and their relationship with asprosin / spexin proteins. MethodsSix groups of seven experimental animals each were constituted. Control, VITD (only 50 IU/day during the experiment), NRD (only 100 mg/kg/day during the experiment), MI (200 mg/kg isoproterenol was administered to rats as a single dose subcutaneously), MI+VITD (200 mg/kg isoproterenol +50 IU/day) and MI+NRD (200 mg/kg isoproterenol +100 mg/kg/day) were the six (6) groups constituted. Tissues were analyzed using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods, whereas serum samples were analyzed using ELISA method. ResultsThe result of the histopathological study for the MI group showed an observed increase in inflammatory cells, congestion, interalveolar septal thickening, erythrocyteloaded macrophages and fibrosis in the lung tissues. The treatment groups however recorded significant differences with regards to these parameters. In the immunohistochemical analysis, expressions of asprosin and spexin were observed in the smooth muscle structures and interalveolar areas of the vessels and bronchioles of the lung, as well as the bronchiole epithelium. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of asprosin and spexin expression in the bronchiol epithelium.When immunohistochemical and serum ELISA results were examined, it was observed that asprosin levels increased significantly in the lung tissues of the MI group compared to the control group, decreased significantly in the treatment groups treated with Vitamin D and NRD after MI. While spexin decreased significantly in the MI group compared to the control group, it increased significantly in the MI+VİTD group, but did not change in the MI+NRD group. ConclusionIt was observed that serious injuries occurred in the lungs due to myocardial infarction and that, VITD and NRD treatments had a curative effect on those injuries. It was also observed that Asprosin and Speksin proteins can have effect on mechanisms of both injury and therapy of the lung. Furthermore, the curative effects of VITD are dependent on the expression of asprosin and spexin; whereas the observation indicated that nerolidol could be effective through asprosin-dependent mechanisms and specisin by independent mechanisms.

Circulating asprosin concentrations in individuals with new-onset type 2 diabetes and prediabetes

AimsThis research aimed to clarify the relationship between serum asprosin levels and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in light of mixed findings about the role of asprosin in T2DM and the lack of studies on its effects on prediabetic conditions. MethodsIn this observational analysis the cohort included 252 adults aged22–69 recruitedfromJinan Central Hospital were categorized into three groups, normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and T2DM groups. Serum asprosin levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, all participants underwent assessments of various anthropometric and biochemical markers. ResultsAnalysis revealed a notable increase in serum asprosin levels among individuals with newly diagnosed T2DM, with IGR subjects also demonstrating slightly elevated asprosin levels compared to the healthy group. Further stratification by quartiles of asprosin levels revealed a progressive increase in the proportions of IGR + T2DM patients, highlighting a potential association between elevated asprosin and increased T2DM risk. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for the efficacy of asprosin in identifying IGR + T2DM yielded an area under curve (AUC) of 0.853 (95 % CI: 0.808–0.899), pointing a threshold value of 4.95 ng/ml for asprosin. ConclusionsThis investigation revealed that individuals with prediabetes and those newly diagnosed with T2DM exhibit increased serum asprosin levels, suggesting that elevated asprosin concentrations are linked to early disturbances in glucose homeostasis.