Aspects Of Web Applications Research Articles

An empirical study on the performance and energy costs of ads and analytics in mobile web apps

Context:As the use of mobile devices has increased immensely through the years, the presence of analytics and advertisements on web and native applications has become prevalent. However, serving ads and analytics comes with costs, as they are associated with additional code and network requests to execute properly. Subsequently, more computing resources are used, having an impact on the energy consumption and the performance of web applications. Previous work has focused only on native Android applications, has used different metrics for performance, or has focused on other aspects of web applications. Goal:This paper aims to investigate the costs of including advertisements and analytics in web applications. This is done in terms of energy consumption and performance. For energy, the consumption is measured in Joules. For performance, the following metrics are used: first contentful paint and full page load time. The results of this study could influence the decisions of web developers and web browser vendors related to ads and analytics usage, while providing the foundation for further research on this topic. Method:To collect reliable and population-representative results, the research focused on 9 popular web applications included in the Tranco list. Energy consumption and performance metrics were gathered for 3 versions of each web application — original version with ads and analytics, without ads, and without analytics. A cross-over paired comparison design is conducted. Multiple executions of each run were performed in random order to ascertain rigorous measures. The experiment is carried out on an Android tablet using two browsers, Google Chrome and Opera. Results:Ads significantly impact the energy consumption of mobile web apps for both browsers, with a large effect size; analytics have a significant impact on the energy consumption of Chrome (with a medium effect size), but not on Opera. In terms of performance, both ads and analytics do not significantly impact the first contentful paint metric on both browsers; differently, both ads and analytics significantly impact the full page load time of the mobile web apps on both browsers, but with a small effect size. Conclusions:This study provides evidence that both ads and analytics can have a significant impact on the energy consumption and performance of mobile web apps loaded either on Opera or Chrome. Depending on the requirements of the mobile web app, it is advisable to limit both ads and analytics in a mobile web app in order to reduce its energy consumption and improve its full page load time. Special attention should be paid to the presence of ads since they resulted to be the most impactful in terms of energy consumption.

ENGLISH LITERATURE INSTRUCTORS’ BELIEFS AND ACTUAL PRACTICES OF INTEGRATING WEB APPLICATIONS IN HA’IL UNIVERSITY

This study purports to explore differences and similarities between literature instructors’ beliefs and actual practices of integrating Web applications in literature courses in Ha'il University. This study was designed as a descriptive case-study triangulating several data collection methods such as semi-structured interviews and observation. The data of the interviews and observation were analysed in themes. The results showed that a majority of instructors’ beliefs aligned well with their practices about integrating Web applications with teaching literature while one participant’s beliefs conflicted with her teaching practices. Result also supported the argument that instructor belief plays an important role in instructional decision making in the teaching practice while sometimes differed with their classroom practice. Results also revealed that the actual Web applications usage found in the four cases demonstrated positive result for the integration of Web applications. This provides evidence to support previous research results about the benefits that Web applications have in possibly connecting informal learning to the formal learning environment. On the other hand, although four individual instructors’ actual use of Web applications differed from case to case, they all believed that there were many benefits as well as challenges when integrating Web applications in literature courses. Furthermore, the results demonstrated an increasing usage trend among the four individual participants based on the estimated percentage of Web applications usage in their literature courses. Nonetheless, four participants in this study seemed to only bring out a few aspects of Web applications’ potential. To make the best of Web applications, more research is needed in identifying best practices of various Web applications in teaching literature and explaining complicated instructors' beliefs about the effectiveness of Web applications in teaching literature.

TEACHER TRAINEES’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SELECTED WEB-BASED APPLICATIONS IN TEACHER TRAINING

The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of teacher trainees towards web-based applications which can be used in education. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted at the J. Selye University, based on the data of 397 questionnaires. Based on the frequency analysis of the answers, we can see that the trainees clearly appreciate the applicability of the presented web-applications, and they consider them interesting and effective in terms of learning. This fact is also supported by open questions about advantages and disadvantages, in the answers the methodological aspects of web applications are mostly highlighted. Based on pairwise comparisons of the factors we found that the applicability of web applications received a significantly higher evaluation than the others with the exception of efficiency. The students' opinion confirmed that the selected web applications are applicable in education, in general, but some of the students are not convinced that they will use them in their own pedagogical practice. The comparison of distributions of several related samples using a non-parametric Friedman-test, resulted in the rejection of the null hypothesis that the variables are from the same distribution. Based on pairwise comparisons using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the applicability of web-applications received a significantly higher evaluation than the others, with the exception of efficiency.

The Security Aspect of Applications in Kosovo Companies

This paper addresses the security aspects of the software applications in the framework of several entrepreneurship. It has a certain goal and structure, through which it modestly aims to present the security aspect of web applications in Kosovo companies. At first we tried to give some theoretical concepts about security in general and security testing in particular. The key research elaboration of the research problem addresses the security aspect in the sector of companies that develop applications and do their testing, here we will dwell on a case-study case of different companies in Kosovo. The purpose of this section is to argue the importance of security and its application to various companies.

Comparison Analysis of RESTful and SOAP-WSDL Applied in the Image Management System

Nowadays, web is applied more and more extensively and the integration of application system between enterprises has become an important aspect of Web applications. The current mainstream middleware technologies such as CORBA, DCOM, etc. cannot be used for communication between heterogeneous systems. As new platform-independent communication protocols, RESTful and SOAP-WSDL can implement heterogeneous systems to exchange information. In this paper, RESTful and SOAP-WSDL are analyzed, and the associated techniques in the design of image management system are discussed and compared.

Modeling presentation layers of web applications for testing

Web software applications have become complex, sophisticated programs that are based on novel computing technologies. Their most essential characteristic is that they represent a different kind of software deployment—most of the software is never delivered to customers’ computers, but remains on servers, allowing customers to run the software across the web. Although powerful, this deployment model brings new challenges to developers and testers. Checking static HTML links is no longer sufficient; web applications must be evaluated as complex software products. This paper focuses on three aspects of web applications that are unique to this type of deployment: (1) an extremely loose form of coupling that features distributed integration, (2) the ability that users have to directly change the potential flow of execution, and (3) the dynamic creation of HTML forms. Taken together, these aspects allow the potential control flow to vary with each execution, thus the possible control flows cannot be determined statically, prohibiting several standard analysis techniques that are fundamental to many software engineering activities. This paper presents a new way to model web applications, based on software couplings that are new to web applications, dynamic flow of control, distributed integration, and partial dynamic web application development. This model is based on the notion of atomic sections, which allow analysis tools to build the analog of a control flow graph for web applications. The atomic section model has numerous applications in web applications; this paper applies the model to the problem of testing web applications.