Aspects Of Self-perception Research Articles

Demographic influences on perception of aging, appearance-related consciousness, and negative self-perception among young and middle-aged adult women

With global life expectancy increasing, societal views on aging—especially its negative impact on women's self-image, intensified by social media—demand urgent attention. These norms affect self-perception and overall well-being. Therefore, this demographic study was conducted with the objective of exploring the relationships between age perceptions, appearance-related social media consciousness (ASMC), and self-perception. This pilot study, carried out in Lahore, Pakistan, involved 100 women either engaged in academic or professional work who were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected via face-to-face interviews utilizing a questionnaire in English, comprising the Brief Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (B-APQ), the ASMC scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), to evaluate the participants’ perceptions and self-view. Our study revealed a significant positive correlation between perceptions of aging and negative self-perception (r = 0.98, p < 0.01), indicating that concerns about aging contribute to more negative self-views, a trend mainly attributed to middle-aged women. Moreover, marital status notably affected appearance-related consciousness, with married women exhibiting greater concerns (p = 0.03). The findings underscore the nuanced effect of education on appearance concerns—postgraduates showed greater concern (mean = 57.24 ± 16.45) than those with lower educational levels (mean = 47.94 ± 19.73, p = 0.04). Despite this, education did not significantly impact perceptions of aging or overall negative self-perception, indicating its selective influence on aspects of self-perception. Our study reveals the multifaceted relationship between perceptions of aging, appearance consciousness, and self-perception in women, emphasizing the substantial role of social media. It shows that social media exposure and engagement intensify appearance concerns and aging anxieties, especially among middle-aged and married women, concluding in more pronounced negative self-views. While the influence of educational background remains mixed, the findings support initiatives for educational and awareness campaigns to redefine aging and appearance perceptions, advocating for diverse beauty representations to improve women's self-image and counteract negative stereotypes.

PERSEPSI DIRI DALAM MEMBACA PADA PEMELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS DI PERGURUAN TINGGI

Viewed from the theoretical and practical point of view, students’ self-perceptions on reading comprehension aspects can be used as a reference for pedagogical practices which can overcome the problems in understanding reading English texts. Referring to the importance of knowing the aspects of English learners in reading, this study identifies and analyzes the self-perceptions of English learners in reading. As the main data, scores on the self-perception scale in reading were collected from a self-perception survey using the Reader Self-Perception Scale (RSPS) questionnaire. The main data in the form of four aspects of self-perception, namely progress (P), observational comparison (OC), social feedback (SF), and physiological state (PS) were analyzed qualitatively to determine the level of each aspect/dimension of self-perception studied. This study found that the progress aspect was in a low category, while the other three aspects, namely observational comparison, social feedback, and physiological state were in the medium category. Based on these results, it is hoped that the level of reading self-perception of English language learners in higher education in this context can be improved, one of which is the presence of pedagogical and psychological support that can give a positive effect on self-efficacy assessments in reading.

Children’s self-perception: Investigating associations with direct victimization, indirect victimization, and caregiver partner violence

BackgroundExposure to victimization can negatively impact children’s self-perception; however, little is known about how types of victimization are related to different facets of self-perception. ObjectiveThe current study examined associations between three metrics of victimization exposure (e.g., direct victimization, indirect victimization, caregiver intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure) and three aspects of self-perception (i.e., global self-worth, social competence, behavioral conduct) in a sample of racially diverse youth. Participants and settingParticipants were 96 children aged 7–12 (Mage = 9.34, SD = 1.45; 55.2 % girls) and their primary caregiver (Mage = 35.20, SD = 8.08; 100 % women). Families were recruited from a family safety center in the Midsouth, United States. The sample was predominantly Black or African American (76 %) and lower income (65 % lived below the federal poverty line for a family of three). MethodsChildren reported on their own self-perception and experiences of direct and indirect victimization; caregivers reported on their experiences with IPV. ResultsRegression analyses (n = 96 children) demonstrated that direct victimization exposure was negatively associated with children’s self-worth and social competence while indirect victimization exposure was positively linked with children’s self-worth and social competence. Caregiver IPV was not significantly associated with any domain of self-perception. ConclusionsResults highlight the importance of violence prevention programs targeting different forms of victimization and improving accessibility to interventions for children exposed to adversity.

Historical Changes in Aging Trajectories of Two Aspects of Self-Perceptions of Aging

In recent years many studies have shown that adults with more positive self-perceptions of aging (SPA) increase their likelihood of aging healthily. Other studies have documented historical changes in individual resources and contextual conditions associated with aging. We explored how these historical changes are reflected in birth-cohort differences in aging trajectories of two aspects of SPA – viewing aging as ongoing development or as increasing physical losses. Using large-scale cohort-sequential data assessed across 21 years (N ≈ 19,000), the analyses modeled birth-cohort differences in aging trajectories of SPA from 40 to 85 years of age. The results illustrated differential birth-cohort differences: Later-born cohorts may experience more potential for ongoing development with advancing age than earlier-born cohorts. However, later-born cohorts seem to view their own aging as more negative than earlier-born cohorts during their early forties but may associate their aging less with physical losses after the age of fifty.

GIFTEDNESS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AS DETERMINANTS OF COMPETENCE SELF-PERCEPTION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Conducting this research, we wanted to explore the competence self-perception in gifted elementary school students and to compare different aspects of gifted and non-gifted children’s self-perception. In addition to this, we investigated gender differences as well as the correlation between self-perception and academic achievement. The research sample comprised 62 participant, 31 gifted and 31 non-gifted children aged 10 to 15. A matched participant design was used and the controlling variables were: academic achievement in the current and previous grades, gender and a socio-economic status. All the participants were tested by two instruments: The Socio-Demographic instrument and the Self-Perception Profile for Children developed by Susan Harter (1985), which measures six aspects of self-perception (competencies): school competence, social competence, sports competence, physical competence, behavioral competence and general self-perception. The results showed that the highest level of students’ competence was observed for the school competence aspect, then behavioral one, followed by general self- concept, while a lower level of physical and sports competence was reached. Furthermore, there is a statistically significant correlation between most of the personal competence sub-scales, except between sports competence on the one hand, and school competence and behavioral competence, on the other hand. This implies that competence self- perception is the construct comprised of different interrelated aspects and if one shows a tendency for positive self-perception in one aspect; most probably that person will have positive self- perception in another as well. No statistically significant differences were found between the gifted and the non-gifted children, which means that giftedness is not an important factor of self-perception. Also, gender differences were significant only among the gifted children where the boys perceived themselves as more competent in the social and physical aspects.

Women's self-perceptions in the aftermath of trauma: The role of trauma-centrality and trauma-type.

Traumatic events tend to play a major role in the way we perceive ourselves. Whereas the links between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-perceptions are well examined, less is known regarding other factors that may be involved in the erosion of self-perceptions. We sought to examine the contribution of trauma-centrality and trauma-type to the erosion of self-perceptions following trauma. Our hypotheses were (a) trauma-centrality is significantly related to impairments in self-perceptions, (b) sexual assault (SA) is related to greater erosion in self-perceptions compared with motor vehicle accident (MVA) and to unexpected death (bereavement), and (c) the effects of trauma-centrality and trauma-type on self-perceptions remain significant when statistically controlling for levels of PTSD symptoms. Adult American women (N = 108: SA = 48, MVA = 38, bereavement = 22) were recruited via online labor market and completed self-report measures of trauma history, PTSD symptoms, trauma-centrality, and several aspects of self-perceptions. PTSD symptoms, trauma-centrality, and trauma-type were each found to contribute to the prediction of certain aspects of self-perceptions. Specifically, trauma-centrality was related to negative posttraumatic cognitions above and beyond the effects of PTSD symptoms. In addition, SA was related to greater impairments in global and domain-specific self-perceptions compared with MVA and bereavement. Our findings highlight the roles of trauma-centrality and trauma-type in the erosion of self-perceptions following trauma. Our data emphasize the importance of considering the multiple factors influencing self-perceptions and of adopting a multifaceted conceptualization of the self in trauma-related research and clinical practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Interpersonal processes in paranoia: a systematic review.

Paranoid ideation is a core feature of psychosis, and models of paranoia have long proposed that it arises in the context of disturbances in the perception of the self. However, to develop targeted interventions, there is a benefit in clarifying further, which aspects of self-perception are implicated. Interpersonal sensitivity is a personality trait which has been associated with the risk of paranoid thinking in the general population. However, not all studies have found this link. We aimed to review the empirical literature assessing the association between interpersonal sensitivity and paranoia in both general population and clinical samples; and to explore if associations found differed depending on whether state or trait paranoia was assessed. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Articles were identified through a literature search in OVID (PsychINFO, MEDLINE) and Web of Science up to December 2016. Fourteen studies with a total of 12 138 participants were included. All studies were of 'fair' or 'good' quality. A robust association was found between interpersonal sensitivity and paranoia in clinical and general population samples alike, regardless of the method of assessment of both paranoia and interpersonal sensitivity. Although this finding was more pronounced in studies of trait paranoia, it is likely that differences in study purpose, measurement, and power explain these differences. Findings from this review support the hypothesis that feelings of personal vulnerability and exaggerated socially evaluative concerns are central for both onset and maintenance of paranoid symptoms, suggesting avenues for future research in targeted interventions.

STIGMA AND SELF-IMAGE IN PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH REPORT

The purpose of the study was to examine how people with physical disabilities perceived themselves and whether their self-image contained social stereotypes of people with disabilities. The sample consisted of 16 respondents (13 women) with various physical disabilities of different severity. It was an exploratory study carried out within the qualitative paradigm (open questions, interviews). The semi-structured interview was based on questions related to self-esteem, body image, capabilities, breakthrough moments in life, perception by others, others’ reactions to disability and strategies used to cope with those reactions. Also, parts of the Social Perception Questionnaire (Jarymowicz, 1994) were used. The interviewees focused mainly on the positive aspects of self-perception and it could seem that their self-image did not contain stereotypes and that they did not experience discrimination from society. However, detailed analyses showed that disability stereotypes and personal experiences had an impact on some areas, such as body image and serving parental roles. In these areas, negative emotions, stereotyped views and behavioral changes were observed.

Neural differences in self-perception during illness and after weight-recovery in anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental illness characterized by problems with self-perception. Whole-brain neural activations in healthy women, women with AN and women in long-term weight recovery following AN were compared using two functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks probing different aspects of self-perception. The Social Identity-V2 task involved consideration about oneself and others using socially descriptive adjectives. Both the ill and weight-recovered women with AN engaged medial prefrontal cortex less than healthy women for self-relevant cognitions, a potential biological trait difference. Weight-recovered women also activated the inferior frontal gyri and dorsal anterior cingulate more for direct self-evaluations than for reflected self-evaluations, unlike both other groups, suggesting that recovery may include compensatory neural changes related to social perspectives. The Faces task compared viewing oneself to a stranger. Participants with AN showed elevated activity in the bilateral fusiform gyri for self-images, unlike the weight-recovered and healthy women, suggesting cognitive distortions about physical appearance are a state rather than trait problem in this disease. Because both ill and recovered women showed neural differences related to social self-perception, but only recovered women differed when considering social perspectives, these neurocognitive targets may be particularly important for treatment.

Thread: Somatic Lives of a Thing

Thread: Somatic Lives of a Thing

Does Motor Competence Affect Self-Perceptions Differently for Adolescent Males and Females?

Little is understood about the impact of level of motor competence on self-perceptions in adolescence, in particular how this may differentially affect girls and boys. A sample of 1,568 14-year-old participants (766 girls and 802 boys) were grouped into four motor competence levels (very low to high) based on the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND). Self-perceptions were assessed using the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents. Boys had higher self-perceptions of global self-worth, athletic competence, and physical appearance, whereas girls had higher scores for close friendships and behavioral conduct. Main effects in the predicted direction were found for motor competence for self-perceptions of global self-worth, athletic competence, physical appearance, close friendships, social acceptance, and romantic appeal. These findings indicate that level of motor competence is important in many aspects of self-perceptions, affecting girls and boys differently. Higher motor competence has a protective effect on psychosocial health, particularly for girls.

Assessment of self-perception of transsexual persons: pilot study of 15 patients.

Background and Aims. There have been few studies in the area of Self-Perception in transsexual persons, except for the population of transsexual adolescents. Bearing in mind its importance not only in the assessment of personality but also in predicting adaptive capacity, the goal of our research is based on the examination of Self-Perception of adult transsexual persons. Method. The study was conducted using a Rorschach test, which provides an insight into various aspects of Self-Perception. The sample consisted of 15 transsexual persons, who passed the standard diagnostic procedure. Results. The results suggest that transsexual persons manage to maintain Adequate Self-Esteem. Hypervigilance Index and Obsessive Style Index are negative, while the values showing a negative quality of Self-Regard and the capacity for introspection tend to increase. In the process of Self-Introspection, negative and painful emotional states are often perceived. Conclusion. The estimation of Self-Perception in adult transsexual persons indicates a trend of subjective perception of a personal imperfection or inadequacy. This is probably the result of experiencing discomfort for a number of years due to gender incongruence and dysphoria, in particular in persons who enter the sex reassignment procedure later in their adulthood.

Priming Moral Self-Ambivalence Heightens Deliberative Behaviour in Self-Ambivalent Individuals

Recent work on cognitive-behavioural models of obsessive-compulsive disorder has focused on the roles played by various aspects of self-perception. In particular, moral self-ambivalence has been found to be associated with obsessive-compulsive phenomena. In this study we used an experimental task to investigate whether artificially priming moral self-ambivalence would increase participants' deliberation on ethical problems, an index that might be analogous to obsessive-compulsive behaviour. Non-clinical participants completed two online tasks designed to prime either moral self-ambivalence, general uncertainty, or neither. All participants then completed a task requiring them to consider solutions to moral dilemmas. We recorded the time participants took to respond to the dilemmas and the length of their responses; we then combined these variables to create a measure of deliberation. Priming moral self-ambivalence led to increases in deliberation, but this was only significant among those participants who scored highly on a baseline measure of moral self-ambivalence. Priming general uncertainty had no significant effect upon deliberation. The results suggest that moral self-ambivalence may play a role in the maintenance of obsessive-compulsive behaviour. We propose that individuals who are morally self-ambivalent might respond to situations in which this ambivalence is made salient by exhibiting behaviour with obsessive-compulsive characteristics. These findings have implications for the incorporation of ideas about self-concept into theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Three- and Five-Year Follow-Up of a Combined Inpatient-Outpatient Treatment of Obese Children and Adolescents

Aim. “The combined DAK therapy for obesity in children and adolescents” combines a 6-week inpatient with a 10.5-month outpatient treatment. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether the therapeutic achievements are maintained two and four years after intervention. Method. All subjects who had participated in the 12-month program in 2004/2005 were included in the follow-up study. Body weight, height, and physical fitness were assessed through direct measurements, behaviour, and quality of life by self-report questionnaires. Statistical analysis is based on an intention-to-treat analysis. Results. The response rate after three years was 63.4% and 42.2% after five years. Within three years, participants reduced their BMI-SDS significantly by 0.20 (SD 0.49) and by 0.15 (SD 0.51) within five years. Significant positive changes could be observed with respect to the participants eating behaviour. Similarly, the food intake, particularly the consumption of calorie-reduced beverages, increased significantly while that of nonrecommended foods decreased. Improvement was also seen in the subjective quality of life as well as several aspects of self-perception. Conclusion. Compared to baseline data, significant reduction of BMI-SDS and positive changes of health-related behaviours could be observed even three and five years after the start of the initial program.

Alcohol and other Substance Use among Deaf and Hard of Hearing Youth

Little research has focused on alcohol and illicit drug use among deaf and hard of hearing youth. Findings are reported from survey data collected among high school students at two phases of a program of research primarily focusing on tobacco use [Phase 1: (1999/2000) n = 226, Phase 2: (2004) n = 618). Evidence of considerable ever (lifetime) drinking (59.1%, 42.6%) and other substance use (21.1%, 18.9%) was found. Gender, age, race/ethnic, grade, school type (mainstream vs. school for the deaf), age when deafened, and aspects of self-perception were examined for their possible association with substance use. Current use rates are reported, and study findings are discussed in relation to national data. Understanding these use patterns is critical to developing interventions for this culturally and linguistically unique population.

Is dyslexia necessarily associated with negative feelings of self‐worth? A review and implications for future research

This paper will provide an overview of research in the past 20 years into the relationship between dyslexia and various aspects of self-perception, including self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy and locus of control. Problems are identified relating to the measurement of some of the most widely used constructs, as is the need for more precise identification of key variables relating to them. Critical issues concerning the assumptions that can be drawn from largely correlational data are highlighted also. The conclusion is drawn that an alternative approach to research in this area is required to enhance our understanding of how those suffering from learning disabilities of a dyslexic nature develop a positive or negative sense of identity. Suggestions are made as to how this can be achieved by drawing upon attribution theory and other aspects of social psychology.

Cognitive Functions in Children at Risk for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Treated Prenatally with Dexamethasone

In Sweden, from 1985 through 1995, 40 fetuses at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) to prevent virilization of affected females. We report long-term effects on neuropsychological functions and scholastic performance of this controversial treatment. Prenatally treated children, 7 to 17 yr old, were assessed with standardized neuropsychological tests (A Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment and Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children) and child-completed questionnaires measuring self-perceived scholastic competence (Self-Perception Profile for Children). A parent-completed questionnaire (Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 School Scale) was used to evaluate whether the treatment had any impact on the children's school performance. In addition, a child-completed questionnaire measuring social anxiety (The Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised) was completed by the prenatally treated children aged 8 to 17 yr (n = 21) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 26). Of 40 DEX-treated children, 26 (median age, 11 yr) participated in the study. Thirty-five sex- and age-matched healthy children were controls. There were no between-group differences concerning psychometric intelligence, measures of cerebral lateralization, memory encoding, and long-term memory. Short-term treated, CAH-unaffected children performed poorer than the control group on a test assessing verbal working memory (P = 0.003), and they rated lower on a questionnaire assessing self-perception of scholastic competence (P = 0.003). This group also showed increased self-rated social anxiety assessed by The Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised (P = 0.026). Prenatally treated, CAH-affected children performed poorer than controls on tests measuring verbal processing speed, although this difference disappeared when controlling for the child's full-scale IQ. This study indicates that prenatal DEX treatment is associated with previously not described long-term effects on verbal working memory and on certain aspects of self-perception that could be related to poorer verbal working memory. These findings may thus question future DEX treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Therefore, we encourage additional retrospective studies of larger cohorts to either confirm or challenge the present findings.

Individual Temperament and Emerging Self-Perception: An Interactive Perspective

Abstract Self-perception during the elementary school years was examined as a correlate of individual temperament. One hundred thirty-one children in 3rd and 5th grades completed Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children and the Dimensions of Temperament Survey-Revised. Positive self-perception was generally associated with lower activity level, higher approach, and higher task orientation. Different aspects of self-perception showed distinct relationships with specific temperament dimensions. Grade and gender also contributed to these relationships. An interactive model was used to explain the research outcomes and to suggest classroom changes that might enhance the development of positive self-perception in a wider range of children.

Social Context Differences in the Relation Between Self-Esteem and Self-Concept During Late Adolescence

Integrating dynamic interactionism and life course institutionalization theory, this study examined social context differences in the relation between self-esteem and self-concept. The sample consisted of 39 male and female college youths and 43 male and female noncollege youths. As predicted, social context significalntly differentiated self-concept anid self-esteem: College youths were higher than noncollege youths in self-esteem, adjustment, achievement, and agency. Further, college youths were more homogeneous than noncollege youths in self-esteem, adjustment, and achievement. Finally, social context was found to differentiate the relation between self-concept and self-esteem: Whereas agency predicted self-esteem among college youths, achievement predicted self-esteem among noncollege youths. The present findings are discussed in terms of the necessary distinction between evaluative (self-esteem) and connotative (self-concept) aspects of self-perception, as well as the importance of incorporating social context in developmental accounts of personality and social cognitive processes.

Self-report measures of obsessionality, depression and social anxiety in a school population of adolescents

The results are reported for a non-clinical school population of 252 adolescent subjects, aged 13 to 15 years, responding to the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI) and the List of Social Situation Problems (LSSP). The scales intercorrelated significantly but appear to measure different aspects of self perception. No significant age or gender effects emerged in any. The results obtained are compared with those of previous studies and the use of the MOCI in adolescent populations discussed.