Aspects Of Problem Solving Research Articles

Hybridization Model for Air Pollution Prediction Using Time Series Data

In recent years, data science analysis, particularly time series predictions, has been widely employed across various industrial sectors. However, time series data presents high complexity, especially in seasonal patterns such as monthly, daily, or hourly fluctuations. Irregular fluctuations and external factors increasingly challenge accurate predictions. Therefore, this research proposes a hybrid approach combining SVR-SARIMA, SVR-Prophet, LSTM-SARIMA, and LSTM-Prophet to enhance time series prediction accuracy. This study followed the OSEMN methodology approach: gathering data, cleaning data, exploring data, developing models, and interpreting crucial aspects of problem-solving. Seasonal effect predictions indicated a rise in SO2 and NO2 during dry and rainy seasons until the next two years (average daily increments of 0.0831 μg/m3 for SO2 and 0.0516 μg/m3 for NO2). Estimates suggest a decrease in the order of three particles. The evaluation showed that the SVR model performed better compared to the other three models (RMSE 7.765, MAE 5.477, and MAPE 0.261). The best-performing hybrid model was LSTM-Prophet (99.74% accuracy) with RMSE 12.319, MAE 12.057, and MAPE 0.259 values.

(Analysis of Children's Cognitive Abilities Through Web-Based Educational Games at TKN Pembina Gondang)

This research is motivated by the use of games which are inseparable from the world of children, it could even be said to be very important for the growth of children's intelligence, the importance of these games is that wherever they are, both at home and in the school environment, various games are now available for children so that the aim of This research is 1) to analyze children's cognitive abilities through web-based educational games and 2) the impact of these games on children's cognitive abilities. The location of this research is TKN Pembina Gondang which is located in the North Lombok area using research methods, namely using qualitative research with a case study approach and the data obtained is analyzed using data analysis, namely data transcription, data reduction, data validation or triangulation, presentation. data and drawing conclusions. So the research results obtained are: 1) The use of web-based educational games is able to influence the cognitive abilities of young children, especially in the aspects of problem solving, logical thinking and symbolic thinking; 2) The use of web-based educational game media, especially Wordwall Net, has a positive impact on children's cognitive abilities, because through this game children behave in a way that shows curiosity, have initiative in choosing games, are able to solve problems creatively, use number symbols to calculate, follow the rules, and be able to use technology correctly.

Variations in Student Approaches to Problem Solving in Undergraduate Biology Education.

Existing research has investigated student problem-solving strategies across science, technology, engineering, and mathematics; however, there is limited work in undergraduate biology education on how various aspects that influence learning combine to generate holistic approaches to problem solving. Through the lens of situated cognition, we consider problem solving as a learning phenomenon that involves the interactions between internal cognition of the learner and the external learning environment. Using phenomenography as a methodology, we investigated undergraduate student approaches to problem solving in biology through interviews. We identified five aspects of problem solving (including knowledge, strategy, intention, metacognition, and mindset) that define three qualitatively different approaches to problem solving; each approach is distinguishable by variations across the aspects. Variations in the knowledge and strategy aspects largely aligned with previous work on how the use or avoidance of biological knowledge informed both concept-based and nonconcept-based strategies. Variations in the other aspects revealed intentions spanning complete disengagement to deep interest with the course material, different degrees of metacognitive reflections, and a continuum of fixed to growth mindsets. We discuss implications for how these characterizations can improve instruction and efforts to support development of problem-solving skills.

Implementation of the principle of awareness in the process of mastering educational knowledge by students with special educational needs in the conditions of the New Ukrainian School

Relevance. The examination of the principle of awareness in the process of teaching students with special educational needs in the framework of the New Ukrainian School is necessary since this principle is responsible for the transition to personality-oriented learning. For students with special educational needs, awareness of their own learning is key to understanding their strengths and weaknesses and solve individual problems. Purpose. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the main aspects of implementing the mindfulness principle in inclusive education within the New Ukrainian School. Methodology. The study employed categorical analysis and generalisation to address key aspects and challenges of inclusive education within international pedagogical theory. It also utilised legal document analysis and the method of systematisation. Results. Inclusive education, a key aspect of problem solving, has different definitions, but all focus on accessibility for all children. It is recorded that awareness in the process of learning by students is a pedagogical approach that emphasises the importance of self-awareness and active understanding of the learning process on the part of students. Four principles of inclusive education in the New Ukrainian School are identified, which contribute to the awareness of educational material by students with special educational needs. Conclusions. Inclusive education in Ukraine is supported by a robust legislative framework, ensuring equal access to education for individuals with special needs with the emphasis on interactive learning, practical application of educational material, social integration, and personalized support. The main practical substantial aspect of this study is to inform teachers about the legislative and programmematic nuances of inclusive education, aimed at maximising its effectiveness. Keywords: inclusion; competence; interactive learning; practicality; social integration; personal support

Computational Thinking Skill Level of Senior High School Students Majoring in Natural Science

Computational thinking (CT) is a skill integrated into various curricula in many countries. However, lack of student acceptance and limited assessment become challenges to integrating skill into the curriculum, specifically in developing countries like Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the Indonesian version of the Computational Thinking Scale (CTS) and determine the CT skill level of high school students majoring in science. This study was conducted using a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design. Participants were purposively selected based on certain criteria from a population of high schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In this study, data were collected from 526 students with 19 items of CTS questionnaires and analysed using the Rasch model measurement. The findings showed that the adapted CTS met the fit criteria based on Rasch model measurement, except for one item. Based on the logit mean value of +1.69, the level of students' CT ability falls into the good category, where the most frequently implemented aspect is the problem-solving aspect, while the least frequently implemented aspect is algorithmic thinking. According to Differential Item Function analysis, there were differences in student responses based on coding experience. This study is expected to contribute to the field of CT assessment in science education. In addition, the results of this study can be an affirmation for educational policy makers in developing countries to integrate CT into the curriculum of natural science majors.

Development of problem-solving skills supported by metacognitive scaffolding: insights from students’ written work

Despite problem solving being a core skill in chemistry, students often struggle to solve chemistry problems. This difficulty may arise from students trying to solve problems through memorising algorithms. Goldilocks Help serves as a problem-solving scaffold that supports students through structured problem solving and its elements, such as planning and evaluation. In this study, we investigated how first-year chemistry students solved problems, when taught with Goldilocks Help, and whether their problem-solving success and approaches changed over the course of one semester. The data comprised of student written problem-solving work, and was analysed using frequency analysis and grouped based on the problem-solving success and the extent of the demonstrated problem-solving elements. Throughout the course of semester, students exhibited increasingly consistent demonstration of structured problem solving. Nonetheless, they encountered difficulties in fully demonstrating such aspects of problem solving as understanding and evaluating concepts, which demand critical thinking and a firm grasp of chemistry principles. Overall, the study indicated progress in successful and structured problem solving, with a growing proportion of students demonstrating an exploratory approach as time progressed. These findings imply the need for incorporation of metacognitive problem-solving scaffolding, exposure to expert solutions, reflective assignments, and rubric-based feedback into wide teaching practice. Further research is required to extend the exploration of the effectiveness of metacognitive scaffolding, in particular via think-aloud interviews, which should help identify productive and unproductive uses of the problem-solving elements.

The multifaceted role of emotion regulation in suicidality: Systematic reviews and meta-analytic evidence.

Despite the number of empirical contributions on the topic, scientists have offered contrasting perspectives on the role of adaptive versus maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategies in suicidality. Moreover, suicidal attempts and suicidal ideation are likely to be differentially related to single ER strategies. To provide more systematic knowledge that can be used to draw sound conclusions and formulate clinical indications, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis that we reported in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards (Moher et al., 2009). From an initial pool of 16,530 articles retrieved from scientific databases (APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) and a search for gray literature, 226 articles were selected to perform 15 meta-analyses. In addition, metaregressions were carried out to test a series of moderators, including the type of suicidality investigated. Among adaptive strategies, results evidenced the role of reappraisal, mindfulness, and several aspects of problem solving. In contrast to our hypothesis, reflective attitude was positively associated with suicidality, calling into question the traditional distinction between adaptive and maladaptive strategies. Regarding maladaptive ER strategies, suppression, avoidance, rumination, brooding, negative problem orientation, and both impulsive and avoidant problem solving proved to be significantly associated with suicidality. Finally, several moderation effects involving age, gender composition, and type of suicidality were observed, supporting the importance of adopting a complex perspective when approaching the topic. Despite the interesting preliminary results, additional research is needed to provide a greater understanding of the interplay between the different ER strategies and suicidality and to develop effective protocols of intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A Learnable Prior Improves Inverse Tumor Growth Modeling.

Biophysical modeling, particularly involving partial differential equations (PDEs), offers significant potential for tailoring disease treatment protocols to individual patients. However, the inverse problem-solving aspect of these models presents a substantial challenge, either due to the high computational requirements of model-based approaches or the limited robustness of deep learning (DL) methods. We propose a novel framework that leverages the unique strengths of both approaches in a synergistic manner. Our method incorporates a DL ensemble for initial parameter estimation, facilitating efficient downstream evolutionary sampling initialized with this DL-based prior. We showcase the effectiveness of integrating a rapid deep-learning algorithm with a high-precision evolution strategy in estimating brain tumor cell concentrations from magnetic resonance images. The DL-Prior plays a pivotal role, significantly constraining the effective sampling-parameter space. This reduction results in a fivefold convergence acceleration and a Dice-score of 95%.

Swarm intelligence algorithms for optimising sliding wear of nanocomposites

This paper presents simulation results obtained by a set of modern algorithms adhering to swarm intelligence for minimising wear rate in the case of A356/Al2O3 nanocomposites produced using a compocasting process. Grey wolf optimisation (GWO) algorithm, moth-flame optimisation (MFO) algorithm, dragonfly algorithm (DA) and whale optimisation algorithm (WOA) were the algorithms under examination. A full quadratic regression equation that predicts wear rate, as the optimisation objective by considering reinforcement content, sliding speed, normal load and reinforcement size as the independent process parameters, was utilised as the objective function. Simulation results obtained by the selected algorithms were quite promising in terms of fast convergence and global optimum result arrival, thus prompting to further investigation of applying swarm intelligence to general problem-solving aspects related to tribology.

범죄현상에 있어 생성형 AI의 명과 암

This study consists of Generative AI that have been attracting worldwide attention since 2022. Specifically, it consists of discussing AI and Generative AI and separately confirming the criminal abuse aspect of Generative AI and the application aspect of criminal problem solving. The results of the study are summarized as follows.
 First, the creation of deepfake and cybersecurity threat codes can be presented as possible criminal abuse and examples of Generative AI. To confirm this problem, ChatGPT, which is most widely used among Generative AI, was actually used, and information that could be used to create cybersecurity threat codes could be obtained. Next, problems and cases such as deepfake pornography and person synthesis, which are considered deepfake crime problems using Generative AI, were identified.
 Second, on the contrary, cases of solving crime problems based on Generative AI were identified. As a result, we were able to confirm the anti-prostitution chatbot currently being used by NYPD, and the Darkbert to solve crime problems on the dark web, and the Generative AI-based model used or planned to be introduced by public institutions in Korea.
 Based on the results of these studies, a plan to eradicate crimes based on Generative AI was suggested.

EXPLORATION OF NOVICE STUDENTS IN PROBLEM SOLVING OF STATIC FLUID PHYSICS MATERIALS

One essential ability in physics is problem-solving ability. Problem-solving and physics are inseparable. This research aims to reveal how students solve physics problems. This research is quantitative descriptive research, namely describing students' problem-solving abilities in Static Fluid material. This research was conducted on 28 Physics education students at one of the State Universities in East Java. Data was collected through tests and in-depth interviews. The research instrument was two test items on statistical fluid problem-solving. The results show that the students' physics problem-solving abilities are still in the beginner category. Learners need to work on solving problems correctly with incomplete problem-solving aspects. The interviews showed that students' difficulties in the problem-solving process were mainly in determining the physics approach to use and bringing the physics approach to specific conditions. This analysis can help further studies of improving novice physics problem-solving abilities

The Response of Higher-Achieving South African Learners from Poverty to an Extracurricular Mathematics-guided Problem-based Learning Programme

Problem-based learning (PBL) has the potential to enhance both cognitive and affective engagement but has been criticised for being unsuitable for learners with low levels of knowledge and skills, such as South African learners from poor backgrounds. In such cases, guided problem-based learning (GPBL), which includes direct instruction and teacher prompting, may be more effective. However, little is known about the extent to which GPBL can replicate the cognitive and affective benefits of PBL for such learners in the context of middle-school mathematics problem-solving. It is also not clear what the optimal granularity of teacher prompting should be within GPBL. To address these issues, this instrumental case study was conducted with 26 higher-achieving Grade 8 and 9 learners from schools serving poor communities. These learners participated in a GPBL week-long extracurricular holiday mathematics programme in which they were guided to use trigonometry to determine the maximum height reached by a water rocket. Data were collected through video recordings, field notes, written work, and audio-recorded group discussions, and were coded using the multidimensional problem-solving (MPS) framework to identify cognitive and affective behaviors. The learners’ affective responses suggested general positivity towards effortful problem-solving. Their cognitive responses suggested successful engagement in some, but not all, aspects of problem-solving. Although fine-grained prompting did not promote exploratory discussion, it was found to be necessary to guide productive mathematical activity. Medium-grained prompting, which did lead to exploratory discussion, did not appear to be directly productive, although it did appear to enhance learners’ receptivity to subsequent fine-grained prompting.

Collaboration Problem Solving (CPS) Skills in the Trend of Educational Research; Research from 2015 to 2022 on the Selected Journals

There has been an increasing number of studies and researchers on Collaboration Problem Solving (CPS) skills from year to year. Therefore, the research on article reviews has become so crucial because it helps the researchers to set their orientation. This research discusses a review of Collaboration Problem Solving (CPS) skills. However, there are still many articles that have not explored Collaboration Problem Solving (CPS) in detail. That is why it is necessary to identify the development of the research on Collaboration Problem Solving (CPS) research. We analyze 51 published articles from 2015-2022 using an open-coding system. We use a search engine by entering one keyword or a combination of some existing keywords. The results indicate that there are still many things that previous researchers have not learned. The Use authors dominate the study with the main focus on understanding Collaboration Problem Solving (CPS). In terms of research participants, most of them are high school students. The research's findings indicate that there are still a lot of aspects of the collaboration problem solving (CPS) learning model in the educational world. that the researcher has not looked at. Despite an increase in relevant studies, there are still a very few of them.

Testing anatomy: Dissecting spatial and non-spatial knowledge in multiple-choice question assessment.

Limited research has been conducted on the spatial ability of veterinary students and how this is evaluated within anatomy assessments. This study describes the creation and evaluation of a split design multiple-choice question (MCQ) assessment (totaling 30 questions divided into 15 non-spatial MCQs and 15 spatial MCQs). Two cohorts were tested, one cohort received a 2D teaching method in the academic year 2014/15 (male = 15/108, female 93/108), and the second a 3D teaching method in the academic year 2015/16 (male 14/98, female 84/98). The evaluation of the MCQ demonstrated strong reliability (KR-20 = 0.71 2D and 0.63 3D) meaning the MCQ consistently tests the same construct. Factor analysis of the MCQ provides evidence of validity of the split design of the assessment (RR = 1.11, p = 0.013). Neither cohort outperformed on the non-spatial questions (p > 0.05), however, the 3D cohort performed statistically significantly higher on the spatial questions (p = 0.013). The results of this research support the design of a new anatomy assessment aimed at testing both anatomy knowledge and the problem-solving aspects of anatomical spatial ability. Furthermore, a 3D teaching method was shown to increase students' performance on anatomy questions testing spatial ability.

Problem-Solving Models Using Procedural Knowledge in Solving Mathematics Problems of Junior High School Students

<p style="text-align: justify;">The ability of students to build problem-solving models using procedural knowledge can be viewed from several aspects, including Mastery of Mathematical Problem Solving (MPS), understanding concepts and application of concepts, the relationship between learning outcomes of mathematics and interest in learning, and examine the contribution of the ability to understand concept problems, the application of concepts to the ability of MPS, as well as student difficulties and some of the advantages of students in solving problems. This experimental study aims to explain the effect of the MPS model using procedural knowledge on solving mathematical problems for Junior High School Students (JHSS). The findings showed that 1) The MPS method using procedural knowledge significantly improved learning outcomes, but the mastery of MPS for JHSS was still unsatisfactory. 2) MPS teaching could still not improve meaningful learning outcomes. However, when JHSS applied the concepts, calculations, and problem-solving aspects, MPS teaching improved meaningful learning outcomes. 3) Students' interest in learning mathematics in the two sample classes was classified as positive. Shortly, MPS teaching accustoms students to think systematically and creatively and not just give up on the problems they face.</p>

Application of Problem-based Learning Model to Improve Students' Problem-solving Skills of Class VII-E SMP Negeri 25 Malang

The purpose of this study was to improve students’ mathematical problem-solving skills on the material of numbers through the problem-based learning model in class VII-E of SMP Negeri 25 Malang. Classroom action research (CAR) was applied in this study. The study was carried out on 28 students of class VII-E of SMP Negeri 25 Malang. This research was conducted in 2 cycles. Results from the first cycle of classical completeness tests of 64.29% increased to 85.71% in the second cycle. In the first cycle, the highest problem-solving aspect was obtained in the aspect of understanding the problem with a percentage of 83.93% and categorized as complete, while the lowest problem-solving aspect was obtained in the re-examining aspect with a percentage of 59.29% and categorized as incomplete. In the second cycle, the highest problem-solving aspect was obtained in the aspect of understanding the problem with a percentage of 92.86% and categorized as complete, while the lowest problem-solving aspect was obtained in the re-examining aspect with a percentage of 70.24% and categorized as incomplete. It is possible to say that students’ ability to solve mathematical problems had increased in the class VII-E of SMP Negeri 25 Malang during the academic year of 2022/2023, allowing the problem-based learning model to be used as an alternative method to improve students’ ability to solve mathematical problems.
 Keywords: problem-based learning, Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah, Ketuntasan Klasikal

ANALISIS KEPUASAN PERNIKAHAN PADA PASANGAN USIA DINI

Early marriage is a marriage carried out by teenagers aged 15 to 20 years, and there is no readiness to marry. Satisfaction in marriage is very important, because the fulfillment of household relations will be more harmonious. This study aims to determine marital satisfaction in early age couples. This research is a qualitative research using a case study approach. The subjects in this study were 5 couples who married at an early age, 3 of them married because of their own desires and 2 couples married because they were pregnant out of wedlock, as well as 5 informants. The instruments in this study were interview guides and documentation, while the analysis of the data that had been obtained from the interviews was then used as a transcript, and given a theme as a result of the findings and after that, the data was interpreted. The results showed that marital satisfaction was only found in sexual satisfaction, whereas in the communication aspect one group of subjects was found to be satisfied, because communication in the household of subject group 1 went well and understood each other, while in the aspect of joint activities, religion, problem solving and financial satisfaction were not found. Marital satisfaction is very important in a husband and wife relationship in order to create a harmonious relationship and early marriage does not guarantee marital satisfaction and happiness, so it is suggested that couples who want to get married should reconsider, so that unwanted households do not occur.

Pengembangan Desain Multimedia Interaktif Website untuk Memberdayakan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis pada Materi Perbandingan Trigonometri

The need for embodiment of progressive learning assisted by educational technology products was needed in the implementation of learning in research locations, departing from the need assessment conducted which shows that the results of previous learning carried out conventionally or not digitally based are classified as not optimal. This research aimed at designing the development of interactive multimedia to empower mathematical problem solving abilities in trigonometry comparison material. The research method used in this study is R&D research which refers to the ADDIE theory by focusing on the Analysis and Design aspects of the ADDIE development model. The ineffectiveness of learning activities carried out previously in the implementation of mathematics learning on trigonometry comparison material, especially in the problem-solving aspect, became the basis for the formation of digital-based learning multimedia development designs, considering that previous learning was carried out conventionally, innovations in making website-based interactive multimedia designs and their application in learning were assessed as the approach used to transition the scale of achievement of academic achievement for students towards a progressive one assisted by educational technology output.

Organizational culture and barriers to change in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Cardiac Unit

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is a major contributor to high mortality in Ethiopia. Hospital organizational culture affects patient outcomes including mortality rates for patients with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess organizational culture and determine barriers to change in the Cardiac Unit of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.MethodsWe used a mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design. We collected data through a survey adapted from a validated instrument measuring organizational culture (n = 78) and in-depth interviews (n = 10) with key informants from different specialty areas. We analyzed the quantitative data using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data through a constant comparative method of thematic analysis. We integrated the data during the interpretation phase to generate a comprehensive understanding of the culture within the Cardiac Unit.ResultsThe quantitative results indicated poor psychological safety and learning and problem solving aspects of culture. On the other hand, there were high levels of organizational commitment and adequate time for improvement. The qualitative results also indicated resistance to change among employees working in the Cardiac Unit as well as other barriers to organizational culture change.ConclusionMost aspects of the Cardiac Unit culture were poor or weak, signaling opportunities to improve culture through identifying culture changing needs, implying the need to be aware of the subcultures within the hospitals that influence performance. Thus, it is important to consider hospital culture in planning health policy, strategies, and guidelines.RecommendationsIt is of paramount importance to strengthen organizational culture through fostering a safe space that enables workers to express divergent views and actively considering such views to improve the quality of care, supporting multidisciplinary teams to think creatively to address problems, and investing in data collection to monitor changes in practice and patient outcomes.

Energy Utilization Assessment of Municipal Sewage Sludge Based on SWOT-FAHP Analysis

Recently, due to the abundance of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal sewage sludge (MSS), the energy potential of MSS has become increasingly prominent. Economically developed regions possess more financial and policy support advantages for the development of MSS energy recovery technology; hence, the selection of the appropriate sludge treatment and disposal technologies to maximize the energy potential of MSS is of great importance. In this study, the energy recovery potential of MSS was evaluated on the basis of regional economies, sludge analysis, a main sludge energy reuse technology review and legislative profile analysis. As the most commonly adopted technology, incineration had a lower energy potential, which may be ascribed to the high moisture content, high disposal costs and difficulties in in situ energy recovery. In contrast, the energy potential for anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis and gasification was relatively high. By conducting a SWOT-FAHP analysis, management evaluation of these four technologies was carried out from the following four perspectives: problem solving, technology development, ecological environment and laws and regulations. Pyrolysis was evaluated to be the most suitable technology from the technical and environmental perspectives because its products had high energy potential and avoided heavy metal problems. The obstacles and problems that pyrolysis technology might encounter in commercial applications in the future are discussed. With this energy-generating, low energy consumption, low-pollution sludge energy reuse technology, the potential of sludge pyrolysis would be high in the long run. These results revealed the factors affecting the energy recovery potential of sludge, and comprehensively evaluated the technologies from the aspects of problem solving, environmental impact, technology development and law, the optimal solution obtained could provide reference on the management decision of sludge disposal technology for economically developed areas in the future.