Aspects Of Management Research Articles

Navigating the Landscape of Organizational Process Mining Setups

AbstractProcess mining (PM) technology evolves around the analysis, design, implementation, and ongoing improvement of business processes. While it has experienced a lot of attention and significant technological advancements, contributions to the field have mostly revolved around technical matters, neglecting managerial and organizational aspects. Thus, researchers have called for a more holistic view of the application and adoption of PM in enterprises. To address this gap, this paper presents a taxonomy for organizational PM setups. Its applicability and usefulness are shown in three exemplary cases. This study extends the descriptive knowledge at the intersection of PM and business process management governance, highlighting the unique governance requirements associated with PM that cannot be effectively addressed through traditional governance approaches. The taxonomy provides practitioners with orientation when developing an effective PM setup and helps to characterize existing setups.

Introduction: confronting the challenges of adopting algorithmic management in China: employee innovation and proactive behaviour and leader management transparency

ABSTRACT Algorithmic management (AM) has become a vital aspect of organizational and people management across industries. However, organizational research about AM and its impact is still at an infancy stage. Existing studies tend to result in potential biases when estimating their effects and miss important implications. Drawing on the relevant literature, this introductory piece to this collection presents a brief review of the emerging literature on the employee responses towards AM, especially investigating its impact on employee innovative behaviour. It also shows how the contributions included respond to the literature and how they add to our understanding of the implications of AM for organizations and employees. Finally, we propose an agenda for future research to further investigate the impact of AM on employee behaviour.

Observation of patients after cardiac surgery, surgical aspects for pediatricians

The article discusses the practical aspects of caring for children after heart surgery. It provides information on the timing of follow-ups, the frequency of pediatrician visits, and describes the most important aspects of patient management for different groups. The article identifies several groups of patients based on their postoperative risks and follow-up needs. Purpose of the article is to present the observation features of patients who have undergone surgery for congenital heart defects, from the perspectives of surgeons and pediatricians.

Epidemiological and clinical management aspects related to urinary tract infections diagnosed in the emergency department in elderly patients in Spain: Results of the EDEN-36 study

To estimate the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI) in elderly patients in Spanish emergency departments (ED), the need for hospitalization, diagnostic confirmation in hospitalized patients, adverse events and the predictive capacity of several biomarkers. In this a posteriori substudy of a generic study of reasons for ED visits in elderly patients, we included patients aged ≥65 years seen in 52 Spanish EDs for 1 week, selecting those diagnosed with UTI. As adverse events, in-hospital and 30-day mortality and combined adverse event (death or hospitalization) at 30 days post-discharge were collected. Relative risks (RR) were calculated. The predictive capacity of 10 variables and 6 biomarkers was investigated. A total of 25,375 patients were included, 1058 with UTI (annual incidence: 24.7 per 1000 inhabitants aged ≥65 years and year, 95%CI: 24.5-24.9). A total of 36.5% were hospitalized, and in 80% the diagnosis of UTI was confirmed at discharge. Overall 30-day mortality was 5.4% and in-hospital mortality was 3.4%. Functional dependence was associated with both events (RR:2.91;1.18-7.17 and RR:12.61;1.47-108.11, respectively), as was having a CRP greater than 100 mg/L (RR:2.24;1.17-4.30 and RR:3.21;1.37-7.51, respectively). The combined post-high event occurred in 10.6%, and was associated with functional dependence (RR:2.05;1.04-4.06). CRP and hemoglobin had significant value in predicting 30-day post-discharge mortality or hospitalization. UTI is a frequent diagnosis in elderly patients consulting in the ED. Functional dependence is the best factor associated with adverse events. The biomarkers analyzed do not have a good predictive capacity.

Timing Matters: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis on the Optimal Period for Cranioplasty After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Craniectomy is a commonly performed procedure in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to control intracranial hypertension and reduce mortality. The optimal timing for cranioplasty after craniectomy remains a topic of debate. The aim of this study was to investigate the ideal timing for cranioplasty after severe TBI, focusing on complications associated with temporal aspects and materials used in cranioplasty. METHODS: Multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science, were searched for studies reporting on the subject. Inclusion criteria involved randomized and observational studies comparing early and late cranioplasty procedures. Quality assessment was performed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies scale. Results were pooled in a single-arm meta-analysis and presented as mean and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Early cranioplasty was associated with a lower likelihood of subdural effusion (odds ratio [OR] 0.3735 [0.1643; 0.8490], P = .0187). However, no differences were detected for the presence of infection between both groups (OR 0.7460 [0.2065; 2.6945], P = .6548). Cranioplasties performed within or equal to 3 months from the TBI incident were associated with a reduced likelihood of minor complications (OR 0.4471 [0.2467; 0.8102], P = .0080). Paradoxically, this time frame exhibited an elevated risk of hydrocephalus (OR 3.2035 [1.4860; 6.9059], P = .0030), as well as total complications (OR 1.4190 [1.0453; 1.9262] P = .0248). CONCLUSION: This comprehensive review highlights the current lack of consensus on the optimal timing for cranioplasty after severe TBI. Early cranioplasty, within 35 days, showed a reduced risk of subdural effusion, but no disparity in the odds of infection was found. A reduced incidence of minor complications was observed in the earlier approach, however with an elevated risk for hydrocephalus and total complications. The association between timing and complications, including hydrocephalus, highlights the need for further research and standardization in this critical aspect of TBI management.

The Influence of Social Change on Human Resource Management Strategies in the Digital Era

Social change in the digital era has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including the world of work and human resource management (HR). This study aims to explore the influence of social change on HR management strategies in the digital era, as well as identify the challenges and opportunities that arise in the process of organizational adaptation. Using a qualitative approach and literature review method, this study analyzes the latest scientific literature from various trusted sources, including academic journals, textbooks, and industry reports. The results of the study indicate that social change has driven transformation in various aspects of HR management, including recruitment, retention, employee development, performance management, and organizational culture. Digitalization, shifting workforce demographics, and changing employee expectations are the main factors influencing HR strategies. Key findings include: (1) adoption of AI and big data technologies in the recruitment and selection process, (2) increased focus on work flexibility and work-life balance, (3) transformation of employee development programs towards a continuous learning and personalization model, (4) shift from traditional performance management to a more agile and real-time feedback-based approach, and (5) the importance of building an inclusive and adaptive organizational culture. The study also uncovers the ethical and social challenges that arise from the digitalization of HR practices, as well as the importance of bridging the digital divide in the workforce. In conclusion, successful organizations are those that are able to adapt their HR strategies to meet the challenges of the digital era, while maintaining a focus on the human factor as the core of effective HR management.

Abstract 4115816: Enhancing Cardiogenic Shock Management: Insights from MCS utilization and Patient Outcomes

Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a challenge with high mortality rates despite advances in treatment modalities. This study investigates the utilization and impact of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, including intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), Impella, and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) on patient outcomes in CS management. A retrospective analysis was performed using National Inpatient Sample data (2017 to 2019). Inclusion criteria included patients aged ≥18 years with primary diagnosis of CS using ICD10(R570). Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess MCS duration, mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs. Among 462,685 included patients, 38% were female, with a mean age of 66 years. Majority were White (67%), followed by Black (16.5%), and Hispanic (9%). IABP was utilized in 13% of cases, Impella in 6%, and ECMO in 0.9%. No significant difference was observed in MCS placement between weekdays vs weekends. However, weekend admissions showed higher mortality rates with an odd ratio (OR) of 1.06(p <0.00, CI 1.03-1.09), particularly among females OR 1.25(p<0.00, CI 1.22 – 1.289). Urban non-teaching hospitals exhibited highest mortality rate, followed by Urban teaching. ECMO was associated with highest mortality OR 2.08(p < 0.00, CI 1.93-2.82), followed by Impella OR of 1.47 (p < 0.00, CI 1.37 – 1.59), and IABP OR 0.723 (p < 0.00, 0.685-0.765). LOS was lowest in Impella group, followed by IABP, while ECMO showed non-significant LOS increase. Mean total charge varied among MCS groups with ECMO being highest. The findings highlight several important aspects of CS management. Elevated mortality rates during weekend admissions suggest potential disparities in care access or delivery, necessitating investigation and interventions to ensure consistent quality of care throughout the week. Increased mortality among females, variations across different hospital settings, impact of MCS devices on LOS and costs emphasize the need for tailored approaches to enhance patient outcomes and resource utilization efficiency.

MANAGEMENT OF THE FINANCIAL FLOWS OF LOGISTICS SYSTEMS

In the context of globalization and integration of the world economy, the main task of every business entity is to ensure financial stability and security of its operations. The logistics industry is no exception. In such a context, there is a necessity of fundamentally new approaches to the development of an effective system for managing financial flows of logistics systems. The insufficiency of the theoretical and practical study of the problems of managing financial flows of logistics systems, the difficult current economic conditions of management, outlined by the impact of the financial crisis and economic instability, the necessity to manage and control the level of financial stability of logistics enterprises in order to prevent bankruptcy, are the key reasons for the relevance of the study. In article considers issues of management of financial flows of logistics systems. The analysis of management processes in the system of financial activity of the logistics industry has been conducted. It is noted that the relevant aspects of managing the financial flows of logistics systems should include measures to improve the efficiency of using borrowed capital and investment resources. The study theoretically substantiates and solves a set of issues related to the development of an effective concept for managing financial flows of logistics systems under conditions of uncertainty. The analysis of the status and trends in the development of the logistics sector, as well as topical aspects of financial management of logistics enterprises, has allowed to develop a set of measures to improve the system of management of financial flows of logistics systems, which should be implemented on the principles of financial management. The concept of management of financial flows of logistics systems is proposed. A scheme for ensuring the financial security of logistics systems has been developed. The key principles of management of financial flows of logistics systems under conditions of uncertainty are determined. The study made it possible to state that the conceptual approach to managing the financial flows of logistics systems will help to prevent the crisis, increase the efficiency of activities and the successful development of the industry as a whole.

Supervision of the Performance of Education Personnel as an Effort to Realize Quality Education Service Standards

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of supervision of the performance of education personnel at SMP Negeri 11 Palembang by comparing the implementation of activities with the standards that have been set. Supervision in the context of education is known as supervision, where school supervisors have an important role in coaching and assessment both in academic and managerial aspects. In this study, the researcher uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research respondents included the Principal, Vice Principal, Administrative Staff, and Head of Library. Data analysis was carried out by data reduction techniques, data presentation, and conclusion drawn, and data validity tests using source triangulation and techniques. The results of the study show that supervision is carried out regularly and systematically, with a focus on timeliness, quality, quantity, and cooperation of education personnel. The principal directly monitors and compares the work results with the set standards, as well as provides feedback for performance improvement. The findings of the study reveal that the measurement of the implementation of activities plays an important role in maintaining the quality of performance, improving discipline, and creating a professional work culture. Supervision that is carried out well not only functions as an evaluation tool, but also as a means to increase the motivation and competence of education personnel. This study recommends that the supervision and measurement practices applied at SMP Negeri 11 Palembang can be adopted by other schools to improve the overall quality of education.

PUBLIC ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATIONS WHEN PROVIDING EMERGENCY MEDICAL AID IN THE MEDICAL INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE

In this article, the authors focus on several key problems that arise in the process of management and communication in crisis situations related to the provision of emergency medical care. The article examines approaches to managing crisis situations in the sphere of health care of Ukraine in conditions of increased uncertainty and instability. The authors emphasize the importance of effective communication between medical institutions, government structures and the public to ensure prompt response to emergency situations. The article examines various aspects of public crisis management, including planning, organization of resources, and coordination of actions during the provision of emergency medical care. The article analyzes the tools of public management, which allow to minimize various consequences of incoherence of actions between state institutions and medical institutions. Special attention is paid to the importance of prompt decision-making and establishment of communication links between state bodies, medical workers and the population. The possibilities of applying international experience in the field of anti-crisis management and its adaptation to Ukrainian realities are also discussed. The conclusions of the article emphasize the need to reform the health care system in the direction of strengthening its resilience to crises, improving communication mechanisms, and implementing innovative management solutions to increase the effectiveness of providing emergency medical care in emergency situations. The article emphasizes the need for quick decision-making, building effective communication chains between medical staff, patients and other stakeholders. Special attention is paid to the challenges associated with the lack of resources, the limited capabilities of the health care system in the context of crises and the role of leadership in implementing changes. The article also offers recommendations for improving communication processes and management approaches that will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of medical care during emergency situations, particularly in wartime.

Efficacy of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose in Heart Failure Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Meta-analysis of 6271 Patients.

Iron deficiency is prevalent among heart failure patients and is associated with worse clinical outcomes, including decreased quality of life and functional capacity. This condition often results in a higher incidence of hospitalization and mortality. Iron supplementation, particularly with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), has shown potential benefits as an adjunct therapy in heart failure management. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of FCM in the treatment of patients with heart failure and iron deficiency anemia, with a focus on its impact on mortality and hospitalization rates. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from their inception until 1st December 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4, employing a random-model effect. The results were reported as risk ratios (RRs), standard mean differences (SMDs), and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). The meta-analysis included 13 studies with a total of 6271 patients. Ferric carboxymaltose administration resulted in a significant improvement in the 6-minute walk distance (SMD: 1.45; 95 % CI: 0.55, 2.36; p = 0.002), quality of life, as assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) (SMD: 1.49; 95 % CI: 0.87, 2.11; p < 0.00001), the rate of first hospitalization for heart failure or cardiovascular death (RR: 0.91; 95 % CI: 0.84, 0.98; p = 0.02). However, FCM did not show a significant impact on the risk of cardiovascular death (RR: 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.77, 1.05; p = 0.17), the need for intervention due to worsening heart failure (RR: 0.41; 95 % CI: 0.04, 4.51; p = 0.47), or all-cause mortality rates (RR: 0.89; 95 % CI: 0.69, 1.16; p = 0.28). While FCM treatment in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency anemia significantly improves functional capacity and quality of life, it has no notable effect on mortality rates or the likelihood of hospitalization. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore comprehensive treatment strategies that address both the symptomatic and survival aspects of heart failure management in this patient population.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTING CHANGES AT THE ENTERPRISE

The article provides a rationale for the feasibility of implementing changes at the enterprise. Following crisis phenomena in the economy, actions to achieve short-term, mainly financial goals prevail in organizations. At the same time, worldwide experience shows that companies that focus only on current problems of survival have no guarantee of success in the future, and only those organizations that lay the foundations for this development today, in crisis conditions, will be able to fully develop in the future. For managers of Ukrainian enterprises, mastering the theoretical and practical aspects of change management is especially relevant, since work in the conditions of continuous economic, political and technological changes is accompanied by internal disintegration and the lack of systematicity in the implemented changes. The feasibility of implementing changes at the enterprise was analyzed and provided. The readiness of the organization for changes determines the sufficiency of forces in the organization to carry out changes at present. The main purpose of this article is to improve change management processes in organizations, using organizational support to improve the efficiency of these processes. Research methods: dialectical method of scientific knowledge, structural and logical - for clarifying the essence and content of change management, comparative analysis for grouping criteria for the implementation of successful organizational and economic changes. The practical significance displays a list of strategic changes offered to the enterprise to increase the efficiency of business functioning and a set of approaches to assessing the effectiveness and risks of implementing organizational changes. The proposed triad of elements of a comprehensive assessment of the key success factors of changes in the organization fits well into the model of D. Khayat - the ADKAR model, which allows you to assess the situation and manage changes both at the level of the organization as a whole and a specific employee.

File Compression System Using Huffman Coding

Abstract—File compression, which minimizes file sizes without significantly compromising the quality of information contained in the file, is among the most critical aspects of data management since it facilitates fast flow and storage of data. Storage manage- ment has become more challenging due to the exponential growth of digital data; hence, efficient file compression has been an issue of great importance to help in decreasing storage expenses and increasing data transfer rates. This paper presents a web interface for the file compression system that is based on lossless data compression known as Huffman coding to reduce the size of the files without changing their content. A standard internet portal allows the users to upload their files to the system and get back resized files within the shortest time possible. The technique employed in the compression is astute in that it uses Huffman codes which give characters codes depending with their frequencies in the file. It then follows that since most of the file will have short codes; the file will take up less space. To safeguard the compressed information, the system generates a data structure called a Huffman tree in which no code is a sub- string of any other. This application does seize to be usable from a few selected devices such as desktops and laptop computers but can also be accessed from projectors and cell phones because of the effective design. The file compression system is also versatile and accommodates various file categories such text, image and binary among others providing users with convenience in a number of sectors. Index Terms—Data Compression, Hoffman Coding, HTML( Hypertext Markup Language), CSS ( Cascading Styling Sheet ), JavaScript.

Meeting the accreditation standard through implementation of a multiprogram residency advisory committee and ongoing quality improvement.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. To describe the process utilized by a large multiprogram residency site to expand preceptor engagement and establish ongoing quality improvement efforts in order to meet the program's needs in response to evolving ASHP accreditation standards. A multiprogram residency advisory committee (RAC) primarily composed of residency program leadership was formed to focus on aspects of program management and accreditation compliance that were not being addressed at the monthly all-preceptor meeting. The ASHP standard and a recent residency accreditation survey guided the RAC agenda, which led to the creation of a combined manual for the institution's 5 residency programs and a preceptor manual. Preceptor engagement was improved through the establishment of local preceptor requirements, inclusion of preceptor representatives on the RAC, expansion of subcommittee opportunities, addition of a preceptor midpoint retreat, and optimization of the end-of-year preceptor retreat. Communication with residents and identification of continual improvement opportunities were improved through roundtables with residents, residency program directors, and the RAC chair; a monthly meeting with the rotating chief resident and RAC chair; and face-to-face exit interviews with the department's chief of pharmacy. The RAC chair has been a key figure in coordinating program change to meet the ASHP standard as well as leading planning for subsequent ASHP surveys. Through the establishment of a multiprogram RAC and a RAC chair, our program has been able to engage a large preceptor group that is dedicated to continual improvement and provides the ability to dynamically respond to ASHP's progressing guidance for pharmacy residency programs.

Managed Aquifer Recharge for Sustainable Groundwater Management: New Developments, Challenges, and Future Prospects

The combined effect of climate change and increased water demand has put significant strain on groundwater resources globally. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) has become an effective approach for addressing groundwater depletion problems and sustainable management of groundwater resources. This review article provides an extensive insight into the existing knowledge of MAR, including the main objectives and applications, implementation techniques (surface spreading, sub-surface, and induced recharge) being practiced over the years, risks and challenges associated with the MAR, and the developments in the field of MAR. This review also explores the potential of MAR in the Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) region, north-eastern Italy. An average increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation and piezometric levels in the region suggest the development of a proper MAR plan to manage water resources in the decades to come. Additionally, a comparative analysis of studies published over the last 20 years, focusing on the quantitative and qualitative aspects of water resource management, is conducted to analyze the research trends in the field of MAR. The reviewed literature reveals a notable research trend towards the quantitative aspect compared to the qualitative one. This review also identifies a notable disparity in qualitative studies during the analysis of water quality parameters considered in different MAR studies. Based on this review, a prospective viewpoint to address the challenges and expand the scope of the field is presented. This calls for an optimized strategy that considers both water quality and quantity issues, along with incorporating environmental and socio-economic aspects within the framework of MAR.

Multiple Aspects of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Role of the Immune System: An Overview of Systematic Reviews with a Focus on Polyphenols

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex and often debilitating condition that significantly impacts the gastrointestinal system and the overall quality of life of those affected. IBS is characterized by a variety of distressing symptoms, including cramping, abdominal pain, and irregular bowel movements, underlined by an intricate interplay of immune system dysfunction in its pathology. Numerous studies highlight an increased cellular immune response, with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, mucosal alterations due to immune imbalance, and visceral hypersensitivity. Notably, studies indicate increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, immune imbalances that lead to mucosal changes, and heightened visceral sensitivity. The roles of effector and regulatory T cells are particularly intriguing, as their modification appears to amplify inflammation and may even contribute to autoimmune disorders. This overview of systematic reviews explores the connections between IBS and immune responses, with a focus on immune cell alterations and proliferation of lymphocytes and mast cells in affected individuals. Furthermore, we explore various aspects of IBS management, including its pharmacological approaches. A systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science yielded 676 articles, which were ultimately narrowed down to 9 key studies that met our inclusion criteria. These studies collectively underscore the activation of the immune system with the degranulation of the mast cells in patients with IBS, where the release of inflammatory mediators can compromise intestinal permeability, exacerbating symptoms further. Additionally, we examine the multifaceted management strategies for IBS, emphasizing the potential therapeutic benefits of dietary polyphenols as antioxidants. The present study aims to enhance our understanding of IBS and offer insights into more effective treatment strategies for this challenging condition.

Psychological and emotional aspects of menstrual health and hygiene management: Experiences of adolescent girls from rural Assam, India

The onset of menstruation is a landmark event in women’s life which is known to bring many psychological and emotional changes along with physical changes. In many countries, particularly in developing and emerging countries, such as India, it also brings various challenges for women to manage menstruation hygienically. Studies have often highlighted several well-known practical and physical barriers to Menstrual Health and Hygiene Management (MHHM); e.g., lack of WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) facilities, lack of affordable menstrual absorbents, and so on. However, there are also some psychological and emotional barriers; such as, trauma of menarche, feelings of embarrassment, stress, anxiety, and shame. These psychological and emotional barriers are known to create tremendous psychological burden for millions of girls while managing their menstruation. However, these challenges and their impact on women’s psychological well-being are relatively less acknowledged and ill-understood. The study was conducted in Assam, India, with a sample of 185 adolescent girls (10-19 years) who participated in 21 Focused Group Discussions (FGDs). Findings show that mostly girls were unaware about menstruation before menarche; their first encounter with menarche was traumatic. Lack of adequate guidance and counselling even after menarche result in significant mental pressure among girls. Several cultural and religious restrictions, feelings of shame and embarrassment, myths and misconceptions associated with menstruation were mentioned. The study concludes that the emotional and psychological barriers of MHHM are preventable by improving the channels of proper guidance and counselling about menstruation in a supportive environment. The study suggests some interventions for the same.

Prevalence of mental health problems in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT HIV remains a significant public health concern, with an estimation of 39 million people infected. There is a lack of universally accepted benchmarks for prevalence of mental health problems among people living with HIV. We aimed to compute aggregate estimates of mental health problems among people living with HIV. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Our inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed cross-sectional or longitudinal studies conducted in any country that investigated people living with HIV and provided data allowing us to determine the prevalence of mental health problems. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the combined prevalence of mental health problems among people living with HIV and consider predefined moderators by subgroup meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Our initial search identified 31 407 records. After removing the duplication and excluding ineligible records, 240 studies were included in our meta-analysis. Six commonly reported mental health problems were identified (depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, post-traumatic stress disorder, stigma, and psychological distress). The pooled prevalence was 31% (95% CI 28–34) for depression, 29% (24–34) for anxiety, 20% (17–24) for suicidal ideation, 20% (13–28) for post-traumatic stress disorder, 47% (40–55) for stigma, 44% (31–56) for psychological distress. After considering predefined moderators, the heterogeneity was still observed. A high prevalence of mental health problems was observed among people living with HIV. Effective prevention and treatment programs can alleviate symptoms and promote mental health. This, in turn, can have a positive impact on all aspects of HIV management, leading to improved overall health outcomes for people living with HIV.

Research on the Effectiveness of China's Rural Land Ownership Policy

The confirmation of rural land rights and the "separation of three rights" have opened the prelude to the deepening reform of China's agricultural land system, and are of great significance to the implementation of rural revitalization and agricultural security strategy in the new era. Based on existing literature studies, this paper summarizes and analyzes the effect of land ownership confirmation on farmers' income, land circulation, scale management, urbanization, rural governance and other aspects of China's rural land ownership confirmation. The research shows that land ownership confirmation can improve farmers' income, promote land circulation and scale management to a certain extent, but the effect is limited. The impact on urbanization and rural governance is still unclear.

A Qualitative Exploration of Healthcare Workers' Experiences of End of Life Care for People With an Intellectual Disability.

To explore healthcare workers' experiences of end of life care for people with an intellectual disability. A descriptive qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 healthcare workers who cared for older people with an intellectual disability at their end of life. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and reported according to the COREQ guidelines. Three major themes emerged: not joining up the dots, living the life desired in one's last days and dealing with death and beyond. Gaps emerged in the care of the person with intellectual disability. Pain assessment and pain management were particular challenges. End of life care was not always effectively planned, and earlier intervention, including end of life conversations, were needed. More needs to be done in terms of education for healthcare workers, and especially those in the acute care setting and palliative care services who may be unfamiliar with the needs of this cohort. There is little consensus or understanding about the palliative care needs of those with intellectual disability. There are often specific challenges around providing palliative care particularly in relation to healthcare staffs' knowledge and confidence in understanding palliative care needs of this group and indeed communicating and assessing particular needs. Staff require educational preparation and training in palliative care to address the particular needs of this cohort. This study revealed that there are gaps emerging in the care of the person with intellectual disability at the end of life. Pain assessment and pain management are particular challenges that require urgent attention. There was no patient or publication contribution in this specific study, although IDS-TILDA has a client representative and advisory committee that advise on all aspects of project design and management.