This article examines ritual practices of magical path blocking, which were widespread among Russians and other Eurasian ethnic groups in the 19th and 20th centuries. The research reconstructs a complex of beliefs and ritual actions associated with the creation of symbolic barriers. Drawing on ethnographic, folkloric, and dialecto-logical sources, the author examines such actions within the framework of key rites of passage (such as weddings and funerals), as well as in the context of protection against diseases and evil spirits, the search for missing per-sons, and the identification of individuals accused of sorcery or witchcraft. The study positions these rituals as one of the elements of the road tradition in Russia — a system of stable behavioral stereotypes associated with travel on foot or by horse-drawn transport. Until the first half of the 20th century, the road tradition constituted a signifi-cant aspect of everyday life in Russia. This area of scientific knowledge obviously intersects with ethnography, anthropology, and cultural studies. Symbolic path obstruction had different forms. The article examines such va-rieties as “cutting off a road”, “closing a road”, “chopping the cholera”, “throwing the crosses”, etc. These actions were typically accompanied by the recitation of incantations. The article considers such rituals as performative expressions of cultural meanings rooted in the collective worldview. Analysis reveals that such rituals were grounded in the universal principle of demarcating “one's own” and “other's” space.

The world faces overlapping crises of global scale and consequence. Given limited attention and capacity, which crises garner attention and framing as important? Which are neglected in ways reflective of broader, systemic concerns that challenge established institutional arrangements? Here, we place gender inequality, a key topic raised by Japanese governmental and non-governmental organizations, in conversation with national level open-response survey data from over 30,000 Japanese participants, collected in March 2020. Using a combination of automated text analysis, manual keyword curation, and discourse analysis, we reveal how expressions of abiding social concern are articulated throughout Japan. We found that the most frequent issue raised was shōshi kōreika (low birth rate, aging population), while phrases related to ‘gender inequality’ were sparse. A subsequent discourse analysis of the open-ended survey responses revealed distress and broader anxiety around gender disparities folded into the phrase shōshi kōreika. We conclude, then, that shōshi kōreika operates as a macro-level ‘idiom of distress,’ a shorthand capturing a dissatisfaction with gender inequality. The significance of this is twofold: (1) it offers insight into how collective concerns are expressed or obscured within dominant narratives of crisis; and (2) it suggests the absence of a national level of concern for gender inequality that is nevertheless complexly embedded in many aspects of daily life.

Abstract The current U.S. federal administration has sought to intervene into every aspect of academic life, university functioning, and the research enterprise including by attacking academic freedom and integrity and canceling and retreating from publicly funded research. Such actions have profound adverse effects on the U.S. public, especially its most marginalized communities, and on science, itself. This perspective provides a telling example of such impacts through our own experience of funding cancellation, the disruptions it causes and the effects it has on urban systems and the communities they support. By focusing on our project that sought to center environmental justice communities in urban transportation and climate planning we offer insights into the wide-ranging effects of such disinvestment, including on sustainability and air quality efforts, with recommendations for moving forward to advance sustainable, equitable, and resilient cities.

Background/Objectives: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) impacts various aspects of patients' lives. Some questionnaires assessing health-related quality of life are specific to PAH patients. The aims of the study were to translate and investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Polish version of the EmPHasis-10 health-related quality of life questionnaire in a group of adults with PAH. Construct validity was explored by the relationship with results of the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) and non-invasive prognostic factors: WHO functional class, 6 min walk distance (6MWD) and NTproBNP level were measured. Methods: In a single-center study, PAH patients were included. The diagnosis of PAH was confirmed by right heart catheterization. The demographic and clinical data were obtained. The EmPHasis-10 and the SF-36 questionnaires were administered to all patients. Results: Data from 120 PAH patients, median age 57 (IQR 45-68.7) years, 88 (73%) women, were obtained. Most of the patients suffered from IPAH (73, 61%). Results revealed a unidimensional structure of the EmPHasis-10 questionnaire and demonstrated satisfactory reliability (Cronbach α = 0.94). The EmPHasis-10 showed an adequate relationship with both SF-36 dimensions and three non-invasive prognostic parameters, i.e., WHO functional class, 6MWD and NTproBNP level. Regression analysis indicated that the 6MWD was the only predictor of the EmPHasis-10. Conclusions: The obtained results showed very good psychometric properties and adequate internal consistency of the Polish version of EmPHasis-10 in PAH patients. The results showed a unidimensional structure and very good psychometric properties, including satisfactory internal consistency and external validity of the Polish version of the EmPHasis-10 scale in patients with PAH.

The re-evaluation of education has been one of the vital concerns of the previous century, owing to the events therein that defined subsequent history. Various educational systems are said to have influenced the prevalence of colonial mindset alongside structures that hinder the autonomy of students vis-à-vis their freedom in learning. It is in this context that Paulo Freire develops his acclaimed pedagogy which promotes a humanising education that affirms persons as human beings. Over the manifold forms of oppression that threaten personal freedom, Freire’s pedagogy forwards dialogic education through which students consciously take part in personal and societal transformation. Although Freirean thought is associated with Marxism, the Thomistic tradition affirms its core which seeks ‘the vocation of becoming more fully human.’ Jacques Maritain clarifies that education’s primary aim is to ‘form a man,’ integrating into a person the cultural, social, and intellectual aspects of human life. Parallel to the Freirean emphasis on the complementarity of reflection and action in dialogic education is the Thomistic valuation for contemplation brought to completion by human action.

Everyday life almost inevitably spills over into fiction written in the late 18th — early 20th centuries. Its role is not limited to useful props around the protagonists, elements of a mise-en-scène , or a means to make fictional situations look more realistic. It is not uncommon for the mundane to have a direct or implicit effect on the plot or the hero’s mental and physical health, or even their life and death. Writers typically assume that contemporaries would be aware of the environmental conditions, conventions of dwelling hygiene, indoor lighting, and the problems of water supply. Not particularly interesting as such, these aspects of everyday life become relevant in their connection to the story and the life and actions of the characters. While their contemporaries remained oblivious of certain risk factors (chemical contamination, the ways infectious diseases are transmitted, etc.), the more observant and perceptive writers (not all of them adherents of Realism) took note of such issues, which facilitated improvements of home hygiene. The article contains a detailed analysis of the most fraught areas of domestic existence through the prism of literary fiction of the 18th — early 20th centuries.

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the relationship and correspondence between human psychology and the life of the Prophet ﷺ. Human psychology, which studies the mental, emotional, psychological, and social behaviors of individuals, is deeply intertwined with the practical teachings of the Prophet ﷺ. The study demonstrates that the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ not only provide spiritual and ethical guidance but also significantly influence the formation of the human mind, behavioral patterns, emotional balance, and personality development.The study examines the fundamental elements of human psychology, its theoretical frameworks, the formation of behaviors and habits, and the spiritual aspects emphasized in Islamic psychology. It highlights that moral and spiritual training plays a pivotal role in promoting psychological well-being and strengthening social relationships.The research also focuses on practical examples of psychological wisdom found in the Seerah ﷺ. Principles such as self-discipline, character building, patience, tolerance, compassion, social conduct, and consciousness of God provide practical guidance for psychological resilience, emotional balance, and mental tranquility. The upbringing of children and youth, leadership, counseling, and psychological strategies during crises and warfare further illustrate the practical applicability of the Prophet’s ﷺ teachings. Additionally, the study presents a comparative analysis between modern psychological theories, emotional intelligence, and counseling principles with the Seerah ﷺ. It shows that contemporary psychological frameworks, such as unconscious psychology and emotional intelligence, align with the teachings of the Prophet ﷺ, demonstrating that the Seerah ﷺ provides a comprehensive and effective system for shaping human personality, behaviors, emotions, and social interactions. The study emphasizes that exploring human psychology in the light of the Seerah ﷺ offers a holistic academic framework that guides individuals toward psychological, ethical, spiritual, and social well-being. It illustrates that the practical wisdom and moral guidance of the Prophet ﷺ are fully compatible with the principles of modern psychology and hold scientific and practical relevance in all aspects of human life.

Kinases are signaling molecules that are central to all aspects of life. Consequently, their dysregulation is implicated in numerous diseases, making kinases one of the most successful family of drug targets. However, due to the conserved catalytic domain of kinases, these drugs are frequently not selective for a specific target, and selective inhibitors—‘chemical probes’—are therefore necessary to understand the role of specific proteins or isoforms. Through the SGC chemical probe program, selective kinase inhibitors have been made available, focusing on understudied kinases. Here, we discuss recent examples of this effort and showcase how selectivity for these probes has been achieved using different approaches.

Cluttering is a speech fluency disorder that is frequently undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. While existing research has focused mainly on diagnosis and treatment, little attention has been given to its impact on individuals. This scoping review aimed to present the available evidence on the personal impacts of cluttering. Studies were included if they involved individuals with cluttering or caregivers of children with cluttering. The review focused on broad impacts across all cultures and locations. Grey literature, particularly in the form of podcasts, was emphasised. Searches were conducted in Medline, CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google (for podcast series) between June and October 2024. Abstracts and full texts were screened by two reviewers, with a third checking a subset. Data extraction followed a deductive framework (Physical, Cognitive, Psychological, Communication, Social, Work, Education), with inductive analysis used to identify final themes and subthemes. Of 174 titles retrieved, 128 were reviewed after removing duplicates. Following full-text screening, 27 records were included - 17 of which were podcasts. People with cluttering face a mix of physical, cognitive, and psychological challenges that affect communication and social interactions. Many fear speaking, avoid communication, experience social isolation and have a negative self-perception. In education and work, cluttering can hinder participation, performance, and career progression. Cluttering affects many aspects of life. Speech Language Pathologists must address these broader impacts and help to foster supportive educational and home environments to improve outcomes.

Cochlear implantation (CI) is a common treatment for children and adults with severe to profound hearing loss. In many countries, children up to 18 years old are offered implants in both ears (bilateral implantation), and this is funded. For adults, however, funding is usually only provided for one implant (unilateral implantation), even though studies show that two implants are also effective for them. This difference in funding raises the question of whether current policy is fair. We argue that the way these policies are assessed needs to change. Rather than treating two CIs as a straightforward medical device evaluated only through standard health metrics, they should be understood as a complex intervention that influences many aspects of life. To evaluate their value properly, we need broader approaches or perspectives that go beyond conventional quality-of-life measures, capture benefits outside the health domain, consider impacts on families and society and place greater weight on people’s lived experiences and real-world outcomes. These perspectives challenge the ontological, moral and epistemological foundations of current evaluative frameworks and advocate for a reconceptualisation of bilateral CI as a complex, multilayered intervention. To adequately capture its impact, broader epistemic approaches are needed, ones that complement or move beyond the quality-adjusted life years model to incorporate benefits beyond health and benefits beyond the recipient of care and give greater weight to experiential knowledge and real-world data. Based on this approach, reimbursement decisions for bilateral CI in adults with bilateral hearing loss should ultimately allow for individualised assessments and shared decision-making with a healthcare provider to account for personalised benefits and limitations. Policy frameworks should integrate personal, societal and ethical dimensions, enabling flexible, patient-centred decision-making rooted in personalised clinical need. In the context of bilateral CI, stakeholders are well-positioned to engage in meaningful dialogue, fostering clinical decisions that support the individual’s flourishing within their unique life context.

This research aims to shed light on one of the educational poetic systems (manzūmah) composed in the science of the Usūl al-Fiqh (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence), namely: the manzūmah titled "Safīnat al-Wusūl ilā Asāsiyyāt 'Ilm al-Usūl" (The Ship of Reaching the Fundamentals of the Science of Usūl), authored by Sheikh Dr. Fātih Muhammad Zaglām. The research reviewed aspects of the author's life, introduced his poetic system, clarified his methodology in presenting the subject, and detailed the characteristics of his style. This study concluded that Sheikh Dr. Fātih Zaglām is one of the distinguished scholars who dedicated efforts to composing poetic systems for the Sharī'ah sciences, and that he left a clear mark in versifying the Usūl texts. Furthermore, his manzūmah "Safīnat al-Wusūl" possesses significant academic value and is characterized by numerous features that distinguish it from similar works composed in this science. The author followed a scientific methodology in versifying the science of Usūl al-Fiqh, both in terms of presenting its academic material and arranging its topics. The study concluded with the finding that the poetic systems of Usūl al-Fiqh are a vital source for learning and teaching the science of Usūl al-Fiqh, and one of the methods by which this science is preserved.

Abstract Carlotta Stewart Lai (1881–1952) is primarily known as Hawai‘i's first African American school principal. This article examines an aspect of Lai's life that has been less appreciated by historians but that I contend was not less important: her relationship with the ocean. Drawing especially on Lai's personal records, letters, and photographs, this article brings into view Lai's affinity for the beach as well as her particular enjoyment of activities such as ocean swimming and wave riding, along with the meanings that these engagements held for her. It ultimately argues that Lai found in the ocean a source of not only pleasure and leisure but also sustenance, one that supported her efforts to navigate life's challenges and to define the terms of her own existence, against those imposed upon her by prevailing forces of racial, patriarchal, colonial, and capitalist domination.

Adolescents and young adults with chronic health conditions (CHCs) experience significant condition-related stress in addition to everyday stress. This increases their risks of high cumulative stress, which could affect current and future health and well-being. Prior research is limited by including participants in different developmental stages, a narrow focus on one or a few conditions, or exploring concepts other than stress. Few studies have focused on the stress experiences of teens with diverse CHCs who are in one developmental stage, including the stressors they experience and their impact on teens' lives more broadly. The purpose of this study was to explore the unique stress experiences of teens with CHCs. Semi-structured, audio-only interviews were conducted with teens with CHCs. Interview questions explored everyday and CHC-related stressors and teens' responses to these stressors. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, with qualitative description as the theoretical foundation. Codes, sub-themes, and themes were identified and defined through an iterative process. Fifteen teens aged 14-17 years old with a variety of CHCs completed study interviews. Three central themes were generated to reflect teens' condition-related stress experiences: (1) Living with a CHC; (2) My CHC makes me different; and (3) Response to living with a CHC. Teens' experiences were unique and diverse, highlighting the importance of exploring individual perspectives. This study broadens the understanding of stress experiences in teens with a variety of CHCs, highlighting how condition-related stress can permeate multiple aspects of life. Findings underscore the need for individualized assessment of condition-related stress and the development and implementation of tailored interventions designed to mitigate the impact of condition-related stress on teens' lives.

Religion and the adoption of religious beliefs is often seen as a distinct part of an individual and of society by extension, separate and detached from all other aspects of life. In the globalized world consisting of many cultures, it is commonly believed that religious and spiritual practices are a very private and compartmentalized aspect of one’s life. In multicultural environments, especially in professional, industrial, and academic settings, religion is typically not acknowledged, and ends up fading into the background of modern social life. This is a natural outcome in the era of globalization and the ambiguous cultural boundaries associated with it, however, this fact should not be misleading to the integral role that religion plays in identity. Identity in Anthropology is viewed as a complex concept, that can take on both personal and collective dimensions. Many aspects of identity are not inherently existent/primordial but are culturally characterized and constructed and fluctuate in different socio-cultural conditions in time and space (Golubovic, 2011). Religion is still a prominent part of the lives of a large percentage of the human population, predicted by many experts to continue to prosper despite globalization phenomena (Billig, 1998). Therefore, there is a need for recognition and study of religion as a fundamental part of individual and collective identity, strongly associated with cultural and ethnic identities as well.

Art and literature are important aspects of human life as well as social life. With the development of civilization, humans first developed art for their expression and then, with intellectual development, also created literature. Thus, art and literature are the mediums responsible for human expression, which express a person's creative imagination and flights of mind and emotions. While art expresses beauty and ideas through visual display or music, literature creates stories, poems and dramas through words, which often influence each other and inspire human experience and civilization culture.

Rapid urbanization, population growth and uneven development challenges in Baghdad city have a significant impact on the Quality of Life (QoL). QoL is a concept used to measure an individual’s well-being, encompassing both positive and negative aspects of life. Despite numerous attempts to analyze and create spatial variations maps of QoL through the integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) at the city-level QoL, there are limited studies that have applied this integrated approach in Baghdad city. This study aims to conduct a spatial analysis and mapping of (QoL) variation in Al-Karadah district, one of the most important districts in Baghdad city, using GIS-AHP integration. Ten socio-infrastructural indicators were considered in this study; Then, the study area was reclassified into five zones based on the distribution of indicators using the reclassify tool. Finally, the Weighted Overlay function in ArcMap 10.8 was applied to combine the reclassified zones of

There is no wonder that basic personal law ' covering all aspects of life from marriage and family relationships to will really is the root of conflict within law systems around the world. This research paper examines the conceptual underpinnings,historical evolution and comparative frameworks of personal law. It also considers the relationship between religion nationality domiciles on the one hand and state authority on the other.The second topic is:legal pluralism, globalization and changing social norms. Lastly part III covers current debates about reform and uniformity. Grounded in ancestry, comparison and social legal research methods, paper aims to contribute to today's world in finding a solution for the future of personal law.

The development of information technology in the era of globalization has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including business and trade activities. Information is a crucial component in supporting fast, precise, and accurate decision-making, both at the operational and strategic levels. This study aims to apply the Apriori algorithm to analyze the sales patterns of MSMEs in the Sait Buttu Saribu Tourism Village and to develop a web-based system that can support business decision-making. MSMEs play a vital role in the local economy, but sales data utilization is still suboptimal. Sales transaction data from 2023–2024 from 57 active MSMEs were used as the research object. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the system development using the Waterfall method. The Apriori algorithm was applied to find association patterns between products based on support and confidence values. The results show that the Apriori algorithm is able to identify product combinations that are frequently purchased together so that they can be utilized for sales strategies such as product bundling, product arrangement, and inventory control. The developed system is expected to help MSMEs manage sales data more effectively and support data-driven decision-making. Therefore, this study applies the Apriori algorithm to analyze the sales patterns of MSME merchandise in Sait Buttu Saribu Tourism Village and builds a web-based system as a decision- making tool.

Halal regulations have become a growing issue as the Muslim population continues to grow every year. This increase in the Muslim population is accompanied by a growing demand for halal products, given that the concept of halal is a fundamental aspect of Muslim life. The differences in halal regulations across countries have not yet been fully harmonised because these standards cannot be universally standardised. The method used in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Data was obtained through the Scopus database to analyze halal regulations in several Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Japan, and South Korea. The results of the study indicate that muslim majority countries have absolute halal regulations because they are part of their citizens' rights, while non-Muslim majority countries have halal regulations that are not binding and voluntary. Each country has specific provisions related to halal product regulations. Keywords: Halal certification, Halal policy harmonization, Halal product assurance, Islamic dietary law, Global halal industry

The social profile and quality of life of families with children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are important factors for improving the organization of medical and social care for rare disabling diseases. The relevance of the study is determined by the high medical and social significance of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is accompanied by severe progressive motor impairment in children and a pronounced impact on all aspects of family life, amid limited domestic data on this issue. Objective: to investigate the social profile of families raising children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and to assess the quality of life of parents. Materials and methods. A survey of families with children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was conducted from June to December 2024. Two instruments were used: a self-developed questionnaire to assess the social profile of the family and the validated 36-item Short Form Health Survey to evaluate quality of life. Data were statistically processed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. Results. Seventy families participated in the study. Quality of life data were analyzed for 68 respondents. Parents reported moderately reduced scores in emotional well-being, social interaction, cognitive functioning, communication, anxiety, and daily activities. Physical health and family relationships were rated at a satisfactory level. The findings indicate a pronounced psychoemotional and social burden on parents of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, independent of the child’s clinical characteristics. Conclusions. The results demonstrate the systemic impact of Duchenne muscular dystrophy on family quality of life, with chronic psycho-emotional stress and social vulnerability among parents. Identified features of the social profile and quality of life should be considered when developing comprehensive medical and social support programs for families. Application of results. The findings can be used in planning specialized medical care, organizing psychological support, developing regional medical and social programs, and improving the care system for children with rare inherited diseases.