Aspects Of Freedom Research Articles

Perfect Freedom: T. H. Green's Kantian Conception

abstract: This essay explores different conceptions of freedom in Kant, Green, and their critics. Kant introduces three kinds of freedom—negative freedom, positive freedom or autonomy, and transcendental freedom. Sidgwick objects that Kant's conception of positive freedom is unable to explain how someone might be free and responsible for the wrong choices. Though Green rejects transcendental freedom, he thinks Kant's conception of practical freedom can be defended by identifying it with the capacity to be determined by practical reason. Green identifies his own tripartite conception of freedom—juridical freedom, moral freedom, and real freedom. He thinks that these are stages in the perfection of freedom. Green's tripartite conception provides a principled reply to Berlin's doubts about positive freedom, explains Kant's claims that respect and esteem are fitting attitudes toward different aspects of freedom, and supports Schiller's criticisms of Kantian freedom and virtue. Green's conception of freedom defends the best elements of the Kantian perspective while addressing legitimate worries. In doing so, it unifies different aspects of freedom in a way that is grounded in moral personality or rational nature.

The relationship of human rights and freedoms in the context of justice

The problem of interrelation and interdependence of various human and civil rights and freedoms in the light of the concept of social justice is investigated. The problem of a fair measure of human and civil rights and freedoms is considered, it is argued that a fair measure of rights and freedoms in any sphere of human activity should initially proceed from the idea of natural human rights to life, freedom and property, but this measure should be conditioned by the concrete historical realities of a given society. The author considers social justice as a measure of freedom. In the course of researching issues related to the problem of human rights and freedoms, the author proceeds from the theoretical position that all economic, political and spiritual rights and freedoms are interrelated and mutually conditioned. The author explores the problem of human rights and freedoms and social justice using the principle of development, an axiological approach and a criterion of practice. The author explores various aspects of freedom from the point of view of the concept of social justice, in the context of the relationship between freedom and responsibility, rights and duties. The problem of various human rights and freedoms is studied by the author in the context of their interrelation and interdependence. It is argued that the basis of political and spiritual freedom is, first of all, economic freedom, but at the same time the value of spiritual and political rights and freedoms in themselves is emphasized. The author interprets the problem of human rights and freedoms and social justice as tools in reflecting the realities of the modern world and tries to identify ideas in them that can be used in modern society to solve existing problems in it. The problem requires further investigation.

The perversion of local novel morality and its implementation of learning faces a demographic bonus

The background is based on the phenomenon of deviating aspects of morality which often color Minangkabau novels. As a result, there are writers who criticize especially social problems that occur in local communities. The purpose of this research is to describe aspects of deviating aspects of morality in local novels, especially Ismet Fanany's Bulan Susut by Ismet Fanany and their implementation towards learning in schools in the face of the demographic bonus era. Qualitative and analytical descriptive methods form the basis of this research type and method. Based on the findings (1) Aspects of conscience with a total of 9 data findings with a percentage of 21.96%. (2) Aspects of freedom and responsibility with a total of 11 data findings with a percentage of 26.83%. (3) Aspects of rights and obligations with a total of 8 data findings with a percentage of 19.51%. (4) Aspects of values and norms with a total of 13 data findings with a percentage of 31.70%. Implications in this research are interpreted not to be taught research that is obtained openly which is direct in nature, but this research will utilize positive values as an effort to form good character for learning challenges in the era of demographic bonuses.

Libertad, historia y el sujeto del inconsciente. Contribuciones teóricas al estudio de la ideología

In this article we address the notions of freedom, history and subjectivity, in order make an original contribution to the studies of ideology. Our methodology will consist in crossing Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalysis and the theory of interpellation of Louis Althusser. In the introduction, we start by exposing two major critiques of Freudian psychoanalysis, one formulated by Jean-Paul Sartre, and the other by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, thus shedding the light on how the psychoanalysis could represent (despite those critical arguments), a field of freedom rather than determinism, and a domain which is inherently historical, rather than the opposite. In the first section, will look closer at the notions of freedom, memory and history, advancing a preliminary hypothesis according to which within the symbolic space, the past remains open to changes – which will make both ideology and freedom possible. Moreover, we will see what aspects of freedom could be found within the Althusserian theory of interpellation, and how Lacanian psychoanalysis is compatible with it or can lead us beyond its limitations. In the second section, we will see how there can be a subject that precedes subjectivation, and how Lacan’s theory of subject which arises from the traumatic remainder, surpasses the scope of the theory of interpellation. The third section will address the pulse-traumatic core of the subject, such as it is conceived by Freud, not only as a determining dimension of the individual psyche, but as a structural condition of culture. Via these considerations, we will show how psychoanalysis can provide an explanation of the foundations of ideology, by conceiving the pulse-traumatic core of law that resides in the Name-of-Father. In the conclusion, we will see, through a series of examples, how ideology appears in the guise of truth, and why the psychoanalytic understanding of the unconscious is necessary for debunking the illusions it produces.

Legally binding and ambitious biodiversity protection under the CBD, the global biodiversity framework, and human rights law

Beyond climate change, the planet faces several other environmental challenges that are at least as threatening, such as the loss of biodiversity. In each case, the problems are driven by similar factors, such as fossil fuels and intensive livestock farming. This paper presents a legal analysis concerning the binding nature of the Convention on Biological Diversity’s (CBD) overarching objective to halt biodiversity loss, within the framework of international environmental and human rights law. Using the established legal techniques encompassing grammatical, systematic, teleological, and historical interpretations, the article demonstrates that the CBD’s objective to halt biodiversity loss is indeed legally binding and justiciable. This conclusion is directly drawn from interpreting Article 1 CBD. Furthermore, a comparable obligation emerges indirectly from international climate law. The imperative to curtail biodiversity loss also finds grounding in human rights law, albeit necessitating a re-evaluation of certain aspects of freedom, similar to what has been explored in the context of climate protection. Moreover, the article underscores that various other biodiversity-related regulations within international law, including those laid out in the CBD, the Aichi Targets, and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, also carry partial legal significance. Nonetheless, it is crucial to note that these regulations, including the Kunming–Montreal Framework, do not modify the obligation mandate to halt biodiversity loss, which was established at the latest when the CBD entered into force in 1993. Because this obligation has been violated since then, states could potentially be subject to legal action before international or domestic courts for their actions or inactions contributing to global biodiversity loss.

The question of freedom in doping: A moral approach

In this paper, two questions are been put forward: whether doping falls within the athlete's freedom to do what they can to enhance their performance and whether or not is necessary an establishment of limits on the scientific research concerning these substances. Following this line of thought, two aspects of freedom are raised: the freedom of the athlete, and the freedom of the scientist. These two aspects are discussed within a moral framework, in particular that of moral relativism. For the first question, based on the theory, the athlete may consider that there is no absolute truth about doping, such as e.g. that it is wrong and not beneficial for sports, athletes, etc. The morally rightness of doping depends on the moral character of each athlete and/or the association, the country she/he represents. For the second question, one might consider that research in the field in question is not morally wrong. By investigating the properties of various substances we could be led to cures for several diseases and even to the augmentation of human capabilities. Both aspects are also discussed through selected interview answers of professional athletes.

Lokhit Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda in the Background of Public Health

‘Public health’ has now become a well-discussed topic in the field of theories concerning human rights and development. And it has become a popular term now. On the eve of 2nd world war, the development of the countries, who had got their freedom very recently from the colonizers was of utmost importance. So, along with the increase of the state income, individual income was also a matter of experimentation. If we consider the development in the context of the real freedom enjoyed by people, we will see that human freedom is associated with other aspects of freedom like the development of state resource, the increase of the income of an individual.

A plain language summary of what freedom from disease means to people with psoriasis according to doctors, nurses, and people with psoriasis.

What is this summary about? This summary presents findings from recent research involving people with psoriasis, based on an article originally published in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. Psoriasis is a condition that primarily affects the skin. However, it can also influence people's mental health, social activities, work, and relationships too. Current assessment tools used by doctors and nurses do not cover the complete experience of people with psoriasis, which often include other medical conditions and can leave these individuals feeling that treatment has not been successful. Researchers conducted a study in which people with psoriasis, doctors, and nurses were asked in virtual meetings and via questionnaires what freedom from disease in psoriasis means to them. What were the results? In addition to skin symptoms, the areas of mental health, well-being, treatment, and relationships with healthcare teams were found to be important aspects to be addressed. What do the results of the study mean? Focusing on all five aspects of freedom from disease will help people with psoriasis manage their psoriasis with confidence.

Distinct Conceptions of Freedom in East Asia and the Protestant West Underpin Unique Pathways of Societal Development

Western theories of modernization and cultural change suppose that socioeconomic development fosters support for freedom and equality in all societies. Cultural relativism and “Asian Values” thesis challenge such theories of universal human development by arguing that East Asian societies’ cultural legacies predispose them to a distinct pathway of cultural and societal development. This study uses nationally representative data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study to test whether East Asian and hystorically Protestant Western societies hold six domains of freedom aspirations as strongly as their level of socioeconomic development predicts. Protestant Western nations score consistently high on all freedom aspirations, while East Asia’s scores are higher than predicted for personal autonomy and secular identity but lower for the other four domains: individual freedom, gender equality, political liberalism, and ethnic tolerance. Multidimensional scaling reveals clearly distinguishable Protestant Western and East Asian cultural models. The dimensions these models are depicted by are associated with various salient societal outcomes. East Asia’s emphasis on personal autonomy and secular identity is compatible with good physical and mental health, low crime, competitive economy, and educational achievements. Protestant West’s support for other aspects of freedom is associated with high subjective well-being, demographic sustainability, human rights and rule of law, democratic institutions, and gender equality. Convergence in cultural and societal development may not be expected in the foreseeable future.

Does Freedom Matter for Sustainable Economic Development? New Evidence from Spatial Econometric Analysis

Achieving sustainable economic development is always considered one of the main economic goals of countries. Therefore, researchers are interested in presenting new econometric models for more accurate identification of factors affecting economic growth. The current study evaluates the impact of various aspects of freedom (economic freedom, press freedom, civil freedom, and political rights) and an aggregated freedom index on economic growth in European countries from 2000 to 2019 using spatial panel econometric techniques. In addition, the effects of variables such as FDI, financial development (FD), human capital (HC), and capital stock on economic growth are examined. The findings of this research confirm the existence of spatial autocorrelation in economic growth. The results reveal that civil liberties, economic and press freedom, and aggregated freedom boost economic growth, whereas political rights have no significant effect on economic growth. Furthermore, the econometric model results indicate that FDI, FD, HC, and capital stock are positively and significantly associated with economic growth. This research is expected to provide policymakers with a thorough understanding of how to implement the best policies in European countries to achieve sustainable economic development.

Natural Sciences and/in Moral Theology: The Case of Free Will

The issue of free will, supporting moral responsibility in various accounts of Catholic moral theology, is in a particular way situated at the crossroads of theological and non-theological disciplines. Because of its connection to philosophy, as well as to natural and empirical sciences, the topic enjoys growing interdisciplinary attention. Early studies in cognitive neuroscience of volition, inspired by the experiment of Libet (1983), suggest that free will is an illusion because our conscious intentions do not cause corresponding actions: these are initiated earlier by the unconscious brain processes. While this seems to conflict with fundamental anthropological and ethical assumptions, a closer look renders such a worry immature. The more traditional, pre-modern notion of what willing, intending and choosing actually means – and how does it relate to us having free will or not – proves largely intact by the Libet-style argumentation. At the same time, new developments within a multidisciplinary science of volition highlight several aspects of freedom and agency that could be central to the way humans produce actions and control their lives. Implications from these studies might provoke some reformulations on the side of theological ethics. They might also set forth some particular schools and traditions, such as Christian virtue ethics, as theologically preferable. All this on the condition that a kind of knowledge coming from natural sciences – which often already contains a measure of (theological) interpretation– can be seen as both relevant and integrable in theological methodology and insight. Anthropological and ethical realms strike as particularly suitable for such integration: the essential embodiment of personal agency definitely deserves more attention, also for clarifying its free and indeed moral predicate.

아마티아 센(Amartya Sen)의 정의(justice) 이론에 따를 때, 실질적 자유를 보장할 수 있을까?

In the previous article, the author presented an order that guarantees freedom and equality for all, a legal order in particular. In that context, this article suggests the specific directivity of guaranteeing freedom and right in legal order based on the justice theory of Amartya Sen. In 『The Idea of Justice』 Sen proposes a way to constitute a system promising substantive freedom for all people. Sen presents capability- the opportunity to choose the aim of life on cherishes the most- as the substantive freedom that must be contemplated. He argues that everyone can enjoy substantive freedom when both the opportunity and process aspects of freedom, which the concept of capability effectively presents, are guaranteed. To build such a just system, Sen presents a method of building an system that continues the decision to extend freedom to all and best promotes justice in a specified focal space. To realize this, he assigns those in effective power the obligations to step aside, be an impartial spectator, and not to see everyone as identities like you and me. The disappearance of the identity here is like Tzu Ch’i of South Wall(南郭子綦) losing himself(吾喪我, wu sang wo, ‘I lost myself’) locked in the boundaries discerning the I and you, from in 『Chuang Tzu(莊子)』's "Ch’i Wu Lun(齊物論)". He retrieves the whole of himself(吾) and attains the stage of being one(一) with the wind, which does not discriminate against anything but embraces all. Like Tzu Ch’i of South Wall, those in power decide a plan to build an system that guarantees substantive freedom from the point of view of an impartial spectator who does not set boundaries between the I and you, by embracing everyone including oneself, and considering the context of all lives. Then, will everyone be able to substantively enjoy freedom in their lives if those in power fulfill the aforementioned obligations, as Sen argues? However, Sen gives the obligations to consider and embrace everyone, including oneself, solely to those in power based on the asymmetry of power. In other words, the obligations to not set boundaries between the I and you is paradoxically given by setting boundaries between those who have power and those who do not. Thus, when those in power changes position to another focal space and asks for the guarantee of freedom, they will pursue only their rational aim and accordingly, will not be guaranteed the process aspect of freedom. In the circumstances where it is difficult to guarantee substantive freedom for those who asks for the guarantee of freedom, can we expect those in power to stand for guaranteeing the freedom, adjust their rational aims and make the best decision to promote justice? Based on this review, when those who is asking for the guaranteed freedom can fulfill the role of an impartial spectator disregarding boundaries, the opportunity and process aspects of freedom is guaranteed for everyone including those who asks for freedom,, and those who listen to the voice in any focal space. For this, they must incorporate an embrace of everyone, into their own voice that calls for freedom, and move forward to build an order autonomously that expands freedom and promotes justice. Instead of using the power of the law to exclude someone, the legal order should guarantee the freedom and right necessary for that purpose in order for it to be used to build a just order from the perspective of the impartial spectator. It may be impossible to present a system that is perfectly fair a priori, but we can constitute a just social order including legal one, that guarantees freedom and equality for all in the focal space that we are in when we continue to fulfill our obligations to embrace everyone.

Internal and external aspects of freedom of choice in mental health: cultural and linguistic adaptation of the Hungarian version of the Oxford CAPabilities questionnaire\u2014Mental Health (OxCAP-MH)

BackgroundA link between mental health and freedom of choice has long been established, in fact, the loss of freedom of choice is one of the possible defining features of mental disorders. Freedom of choice has internal and external aspects explicitly identified within the capability approach, but received little explicit attention in capability instruments. This study aimed to develop a feasible and linguistically and culturally appropriate Hungarian version of the Oxford CAPabilities questionnaire—Mental Health (OxCAP-MH) for mental health outcome measurement.MethodsFollowing forward and back translations, a reconciled Hungarian version of the OxCAP-MH was developed following professional consensus guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research and the WHO. The wording of the questionnaire underwent cultural and linguistic validation through content analysis of cognitive debriefing interviews with 11 Hungarian speaking mental health patients in 2019. Results were compared with those from the development of the German version and the original English version with special focus on linguistic aspects.ResultsTwenty-nine phrases were translated. There were linguistic differences in each question and answer options due to the high number of inflected, affixed words and word fragments that characterize the Hungarian language in general. Major linguistic differences were also revealed between the internal and external aspects of capability freedom of choices which appear much more explicit in the Hungarian than in the English or German languages. A re-analysis of the capability freedom of choice concepts in the existing language versions exposed the need for minor amendments also in the English version in order to allow the development of future culturally, linguistically and conceptually valid translations.ConclusionThe internal and external freedom of choice impacts of mental health conditions require different care/policy measures. Their explicit consideration is necessary for the conceptually harmonised operationalisation of the capability approach for (mental) health outcome measurement in diverse cultural and linguistic contexts.

Silenced Voices

In this article I examine from a legal point of view some of the consequences for women, and hence for society in general, of online sexist and misogynist abuse in a Swedish context. I argue that one effect is that women’s living space online is demarcated and ultimately, that it threatens women’s possibilities to participate in public debate online. An everyday life perspective and the continuum of sexual violence, both part of a feminist legal perspective, are used as a theoretical framework to show how online abuse is silencing women. The situation demands action from the state, in order to safeguard freedom of expression and, consequently, democracy. I argue that in this particular situation, two basic aspects of freedom of expression collide: the one most emphasised, the prohibition of censorship, and the less acknowledged aspect, i.e. a diversity of voices. Deficient ways to handle sexist and misogynist online abuse leads to indirect censorship where women’s voices are silenced. Hence, the state must take action not to fail to guarantee justice for all. There are many initiatives addressing problems of online abuse, both internationally and nationally. In this article I seek to capture and examine the Swedish policy and legal regulation (criminal law and freedom of expression) in this area to sketch the legal situation, to highlight ongoing initiatives and pointing out lacunas and obstacles that needs to be dealt with to guarantee a diversity of voices.

СВОБОДА: ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ, НЕГАТИВИЗМ, ЗАБОТА

Relevance and purpose. In the context of modern social life and its reflection by science, the phenomenon of freedom is one of the fundamental theoretical and practical problems. Understanding the true causes of the formation of an asocial personality, far from extreme science paradigms, is one of the pressing problems of modern psychology. The purpose of this article is to analyze and consider the issues of freedom and aggressive behavior of adolescents in the modes of responsibility, negativism and care. Research methods. Theoretical analysis and synthesis of relevant literature. Research results. Aspects of freedom in connection with external and internal restrictions are considered, constructive and destructive types of freedom are distinguished. The problem of differentiating the desire for freedom and the risks of negativism are noted, active negativity and passive negativity are described. Aspects of hostile attribution bias as structural-motivational element of deviant and delinquent behavior are revealed. Egalitarian and traditional concepts of parenting and their connection with the development of autonomous, independent personality are considered. The conditions in association with the values of freedom, independence and care act as predictors of the subjective feeling of happiness in adolescents are noted. Conclusions. Freedom is a prerequisite condition for the development of responsibility, personality with an internal locus of control. Freedom should be coupled аwith responsibility, parental supervision and providing of freedom for a teen to make a significant contribution to the socialization of freedom and responsibility. The phenomenon of emancipation in adolescence can be associated with the risks of negativism as a form of aggression. High partial self esteem (leadership ability and self esteem of one’s “physical self”) correlate with negativism. One of the essential mechanisms for the formation and functioning of negativism is the hostile attribution bias, the tendency to which is associated with high risks of delinquent behavior. Children from families with freedom parenting style are characterized by deprivation of care, they are more often less satisfied with “family” childhood. At the same time, controlling parents can also play a negative role, increasing the risks of aggression.

Rationing, Balancing and Cost-Benefit-Analysis in Social Law

This paper deals with the challenges of rationing of existential goods due to scarcity and conflicting interests (at the latest in the question of costs). The legal-political example pursued in this paper is rationing in the health care system, i. e. in curative and partly also in preventive measures. In each case - and in everyday life and by no means only in extreme corona pandemic situations - it is a question of whether there are absolute, ponder-proof claims to certain goods. Ultimately, this is to be denied, even if rationing, especially in Germany, is usually concealed behind vague concepts such as the medical necessity and economic efficiency of treatment. But the public authorities cannot escape the weighing process - even if its consequences are often fatal in industrial society. In particular, misunderstandings of human dignity as well as skewed accusations of utilitarianism and a misleading pseudo-controversy between deontology and consequentialism have for a long time obscured the fact that in liberal democracies a balancing of different aspects of freedom and freedom preconditions is inevitable. Due to parliamentary reservations, however, this weighing must not be outsourced to administrative committees. Caution is called for in all of this with the economic cost-benefit analysis, which is hardly tenable in its foundations, with egalitarian approaches, and with the traditional but unfounded idea that fundamental rights are primarily (or exclusively) protected in single situations and are not relevant in the case of mass concern. Based on the latter point, it can also be shown that the previous tendency is not convincing to judge areas such as curative health treatment, preventive corona hazard control and fine dust or climate policy as being completely different from each other in terms of fundamental rights.

Freedom of information, right to express and social media in India

People's right to know, to hold opinions, right to access, to seek and receive information, as well as to disseminate and impart ideas, despite frontiers, are protected under all democratic nations' constitutional right of freedom of expression. This duty to inform and disseminate news is undoubtedly the responsibility vested with media as the fourth estate and as a watchdog thereby enabling it to exert due checks and monitors on the working of the nation. By this, it mandates a strong, independent and adequately resourced media to operate in order to serve the general public interest and to place and keep up high standards of journalism. With the changing notions of media and with the prevalence of social media and interactive entertainment platforms, where users write the content, edit the same and disseminate it to the public, the question arises if social media does indeed actually function as ‘media’ as envisioned by our constitutional drafters. Disseminating information accurately to the public is a sacrosanct duty and if such a duty gets affected, the edifice of democracy is devastated. From the traditional media having reliance on what had been circulated, it moved to a system where the ordinary citizen has the capability to manage media technologies and notify own stories creating trends more for a business purpose. This change as named as media-morphosis has also crushed the right to be informed accurately. Against this backdrop, this article addresses the rising frequency of disinformation ‒ occasionally indicated as ‘misinformation’ or ‘fake news’ in social media, inflamed by both states and non-state stakeholders, plus the diverse issues to which they perhaps are a causative part or key source. It also critically evaluates the obligation states have to enable a conducive environment for freedom of expression that comprise encouraging and defending diverse media however, simultaneously, to curtail any sort of misinformation being disseminated to its people. As is evident from the title of this article, the jurisprudential aspects of freedom of information vis-a-vis the freedom to disseminate are examined where the primary examination focus is on – if media that is used to keep a watchful eye on the dealings of government and act as a champion of the public's right to know, has departed from this constitutional duty with the emergence of social media. Moreover, the nexus between ‘contours of expression to disseminate the information’ and ‘extent of limitations as to such information dissemination’ will be analysed. To illustrate, Indian legal framework is used and applied. In its conclusion the author endeavours to question the unwarranted benefit social media enjoys as ‘intermediary’ and as ‘media’ thereby ponders if the current Indian legal framework is adequate to deal with the ramifications.

Designing an agricultural system to enhance the quality of human life based on the capability approach

An agricultural system can play multiple functions in enhancing the quality of human life. In the analysis of the relationship between an agricultural system and the quality of human life, socio-economic-environmental contexts play extremely important roles. The capability approach (CA) analyses human development with a keen interest in equity among people by using two aspects of freedom, 'well-being freedom' and 'agency freedom'. In this paper, we discuss how this approach will assist to analyse the processes involved in a sustainable agricultural practice to sustainably enhance people's well-being. To do so, the CA framework should be modified into a dynamic framework. Application of this framework to the sustainable agricultural practice of Sado Island, Japan, will show its usefulness in investigating different manifestations of capability among varied farmers and aiding stakeholders to collectively deliberate desirable capability changes and intervention plans. Eventually, it will contribute to fair and sustainable management of agricultural systems.

Designing an agricultural system to enhance the quality of human life based on the capability approach

An agricultural system can play multiple functions in enhancing the quality of human life. In the analysis of the relationship between an agricultural system and the quality of human life, socio-economic-environmental contexts play extremely important roles. The capability approach (CA) analyses human development with a keen interest in equity among people by using two aspects of freedom, 'well-being freedom' and 'agency freedom'. In this paper, we discuss how this approach will assist to analyse the processes involved in a sustainable agricultural practice to sustainably enhance people's well-being. To do so, the CA framework should be modified into a dynamic framework. Application of this framework to the sustainable agricultural practice of Sado Island, Japan, will show its usefulness in investigating different manifestations of capability among varied farmers and aiding stakeholders to collectively deliberate desirable capability changes and intervention plans. Eventually, it will contribute to fair and sustainable management of agricultural systems.

Profil Berpikir Kritis Siswa Asperger pada Pembelajaran Bangun Datar dengan Metode Montessori

Critical thinking skills in Mathematics learning are commonly only centred on typical students. Sometimes teachers forget that there are students with special needs who also need to study Mathematics; one of them are students with Asperger's Syndrome. Through this study, the researcher used the Montessori method to teach the plane geometry topic. The research method used was descriptive qualitative. The students observed were two students with Asperger's learning while applying the Montessori method. This study illustrated how the Montessori method was used to students with Asperger's syndrome and described the profile of students critical thinking suffering from Asperger's syndrome. The instruments in this study were the critical thinking test and field notes conducted by the research team. The results showed that the Montessori method seemed to make students with Asperger's Syndrome more expressive and willing to interact with the surrounding environment. They also had better motor skills and the critical thinking skills of the students were of high criteria. Besides, the aspects of freedom, integrating with the environment and the presence of playground tools, seem to make the Montessori method appropriate to be used use by students with Asperger's Syndrome.