Aspects Of Behavior Research Articles

Reduced Expression of Oxidative Stress-Related lncRNAs LINC-PINT and SNHG5 in Schizophrenia: Implications for Biomarker Development.

Schizophrenia is a mental condition that impairs several aspects of brain function and behavior. Recent investigations highlighted abnormal function of numerous genes in this context. Notably, genes that affect oxidative stress and neuron damage were the focus of several studies. In an attempt to find a biomarker that can be quantified in the peripheral blood, we assessed blood expression of three lncRNAs that were associated with these processes in patients with schizophrenia and matched controls. We observed a statistically significant downregulation of SNHG5 in the patient group compared to healthy controls, with P-values of < 0.0001, 0.0008, and 0.003 in total, male, and female patients, respectively. LINC-PINT was also found to be down-regulated in all comparisons between patients and controls with P-values of < 0.0001, < 0.0001 and = 0.01, in total, male, and female patients, respectively. However, statistical analyses disclosed no notable difference in the expression of TP53TG1 between study subgroups. Most notably, LINC-PINT and SNHG5 could discriminate between patients and controls with acceptable AUC and specificity values. Cumulatively, the results of this study propose down-regulation of LINC-PINT and SNHG5 as a possible peripheral indicator of the presence of schizophrenia.

Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Behavioral Factors Associated with Dengue Outbreak: An Observational Study from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background: Clinical and epidemiological aspects of dengue have extensively been studied in India. However, limited data are available on social and behavioral aspects of dengue outbreak. We aimed to fill this gap and wish to study socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors associated with dengue outbreak in the Gorakhpur region of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted among dengue patients discharged from hospital. Data on sociodemographic, economic, and behavioral factors of dengue were collected telephonically using a structured questionnaire. Continuous and categorical variables were reported as mean ± SD and numbers (%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis was done to establish association between patient's characteristics, awareness, and preventive behavior. Results: Age group 19-45 years 156/232, males 159/232, urban residents 142/232, residing in pucca house 187/232, and from lower-income families 149/232 were mostly affected in this outbreak. Patients spent a median of Indian national rupees 20,000 on treatment. Only 10.8% of patients had Ayushman health insurance cards. Awareness about dengue infection was found in∼43% patients. Literates, middle income group, and professionals/semiprofessionals were significantly more aware about dengue disease, mosquito bite, and treatment than their counterparts. Travel history was significantly associated with dengue infection in the males of 19-45 years age group belonging to rural areas. Use of mosquito repellent, nets, wearing full sleeve clothes were significantly less in rural residents while barefoot walking was more frequently observed in this population. Use of mosquito repellent was significantly associated with income, and these were observed more in the middle-income group. Conclusion: People with low education level, residing in urban areas, residing in pucca houses, who travel frequently, and who belong to lower-income groups were majorly affected by this dengue outbreak. Less dengue awareness and not following preventive practices were found in them. Targeted health education campaigns in urban setting could prevent dengue and economic burden on these vulnerable groups.

Decellularized Cell‐Secreted Extracellular Matrices as Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the naturally secreted biomaterial scaffold that provides support and regulates key aspects of cell behavior. This dynamic and complex network of structural proteins, proteoglycans, and soluble cues defines the cell microenvironment and is essential for tissue homeostasis. Because tissue engineering approaches aim to recapitulate aspects of the microenvironment to instruct tissue regeneration, ECM‐inspired or ‐derived scaffolds are some of the earliest tissue‐engineered constructs reported. However, conventional single‐protein constructs fail to provide the biochemical and structural complexity of the native ECM. Decellularized ECM is under investigation to improve cell adhesion, cell remodeling, migration, proliferation, and differentiation within tissue‐engineered constructs. However, challenges associated with poor mechanical properties and inherent chemical instability compared to synthetic or other natural polymers require additional considerations. This review describes the bioactive properties of ECM, current strategies to efficiently decellularize cell‐secreted and tissue‐derived ECM, standard fabrication techniques for ECM constructs, and current developments in the field of ECM‐based musculoskeletal platforms.

Effect of a multicomponent, person-centred care intervention on client experience and HIV treatment outcomes in Zambia: a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised trial.

Recipients of health services value not only convenience but also respectful, kind, and helpful providers. To date, research to improve person-centred HIV treatment has focused on making services easier to access (eg, differentiated service delivery) rather than the interpersonal experience of care. We developed and evaluated a person-centred care (PCC) intervention targeting practices of health-care workers. Using a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised design, we randomly allocated 24 HIV clinics stratified by size in Zambia into four groups and introduced a PCC intervention that targeted caring aspects of the behaviour of health-care workers in one group every 6 months. The intervention entailed training and coaching for health-care workers on PCC practices (to capacitate), client experience assessment with feedback to facilities (to create opportunities), and small performance-based incentives (to motivate). In a probability sample of clients who were pre-trained on a client experience exit survey and masked to facility intervention status, we evaluated effects on client experience by use of mean score change and also proportion with poor encounters (ie, score of ≤8 on a 12-point survey instrument). We examined effects on missed visits (ie, >30 days late for next scheduled encounter) in all groups and retention in care at 15 months in group 1 and group 4 by use of electronic health records. We assessed effects on treatment success at 15 months (ie, HIV RNA concentration <400 copies per mL or adjudicated care status) in a prospectively enrolled subset of clients from group 1 and group 4. We estimated treatment effects with mixed-effects logistic regression, adjusting for sex, age, and baseline care status. This trial is registered at the Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry (202101847907585), and is completed. Between Aug 12, 2019, and Nov 30, 2021, 177 543 unique clients living with HIV made at least one visit to one of the 24 study clinics. The PCC intervention reduced the proportion of poor visits based on exit surveys from 147 (23·3%) of 632 during control periods to 33 (13·3%) of 249 during the first 6 months of intervention, and then to eight (3·5%) of 230 at 6 months or later (adjusted risk difference [aRD] for control vs ≥6 months intervention -16·9 percentage points, 95% CI -24·8 to -8·9). Among all adult scheduled appointments, the PCC intervention reduced the proportion of missed visits from 90 593 (25·3%) of 358 741 during control periods to 40 380 (22·6%) of 178 523 in the first 6 months, and then 52 288 (21·5%) of 243 350 at 6 months or later (aRD for control vs the intervention -4·2 percentage points, 95% CI -4·8 to -3·7). 15-month retention improved from 33 668 (80·2%) of 41 998 in control to 35 959 (83·6%) of 43 005 during intervention (aRD 5·9 percentage points, 95% CI 0·6 to 11·2), with larger effects in clients newly starting treatment (aRD 12·7 percentage points, 1·4 to 23·9). We found no effect on treatment success (based on viral load) in a nested subcohort (379 [83·7%] of 453 in the control phase vs 402 [83·8%] of 480 in the intervention phase; aRD 0·9 percentage points, -5·4 to 7·2). Improving the caring aspects of health-care worker behaviour is feasible in public health settings, enhances client experience, reduces missed appointments, and increases retention. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

The role of acoustic telemetry in assessing fish connectivity within marine seascapes: A global review.

The study of aquatic animal movements is a rapidly growing field of research, with tracking methodology ever developing and refining. Acoustic telemetry is arguably the most popular method used to study the movements of fish. Despite this method being able to elucidate many aspects of movement behavior, including residency, home range, and migration, among others, one aspect that remains challenging is the study and definition of connectivity, particularly within marine seascapes. As such, this review assesses published literature on acoustic telemetry studies, which have specifically assessed some aspect of fish connectivity, and discusses these in terms of study distribution and overall trends, the diversity of taxa and life stage assessed, the role that large-scale acoustic telemetry networks plays in assessing connectivity of marine fishes, how connectivity studies have been used in an applied context, and proposes definitions linked to specific types of connectivity, which will assist future researchers when conceptualizing studies. Further, methods that can be used in conjunction with acoustic telemetry to complement the data are discussed. Given that marine resources and habitats are intricately connected, this review highlights the critical role that acoustic telemetry can play in assessing this link. It is envisaged that our developed framework of connectivity definitions will assist future studies and stakeholders in assessing ecosystem functioning and ultimately contribute to improved conservation and management of marine fish populations and ecosystems.

Willingness to Pay in Tourism and Its Influence on Sustainability

Financial support for environmental causes is more urgent than ever before. Thus, understanding consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for tourism is vital for policymakers, businesses, and researchers. This bibliometric study examined the trend of research on willingness to pay and tourism using 428 articles published in the Scopus indexed database between 1994 and 2023. The articles were extracted using the keywords “Willingness to pay tourism”. A Microsoft Excel sheet was used in the descriptive analysis, and a VOSviewer version 1.6.20 was used for the citation and co-occurrence analysis. The study found that willingness to pay is a complex aspect of environmental economics and tourism behaviour that is shaped by various aspects. Amongst other things, willingness to pay is shaped by aspects such as tourist biogeography, amongst others is the level of environmental awareness, environmental sensitivity, and education. In many respects, it is shaped by demographic factors such as age, gender, income bracket, and area of origin. Even though the major thrust of willingness to pay was anchored on sustainability and environmental protection, recent events in the mold of climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, and technological innovation have played major roles in shaping tourists’ behaviour. Given the emerging thrust and focus, there is a need to respond to geographic knowledge gaps in tourism hotspots to understand how this will shape tourism sustainability from a Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) perspective going forward. In doing so, it will be critical to ensure continued fostering and understanding of how tourists’ willingness to pay for tourism destinations can lead to better design, marketing, and managed services to create memorable experiences that drive consumer loyalty.

Shifting reliance between the internal and external world: A meta-analysis on visual-working memory use.

Visual working memory (VWM) is a fundamental cognitive capacity that allows us to temporarily hold visual information, but storage is effortful and content-fragile. Rather than loading VWM to the maximum, individuals usually rely on the external world and access information just in time. However, participants do rely on VWM more as access costs to external information increase. This phenomenon is commonly investigated with so-called copy tasks, which differ across paradigms, manipulations, and dependent variables. We here present findings of a meta-analysis into the reliability and consistency of shifts in the assumed trade-off between storing and sampling across manipulations and dependent variables, using data from 28 experiments. We found that all cost manipulations led to substantial shifts from external sampling to storage in VWM. Cost manipulations did not differ in their effect across studies even though such differences are reported within studies. All dependent variables were associated with clear but different strong effects. We argue that the differences observed between indicators are not only due to sensitivity differences but also due to differential aspects of behavior that are measured. New variables and techniques might now pave the way to understanding the trade-off between storing and sampling more in-depth. Collectively, our findings suggest that the reliance on VWM or the external world shifts consistently as access cost is increased, is largely irrespective of cost manipulations, and expresses itself reliably across dependent variables. With this work, we seek to help establish standards and comparability across this growing body of work.

Situational Awareness Errors in Forklift Logistics Operations: A Multiphase Eye-Tracking and Think-Aloud Approach

Background: This study explores forklift operators’ situational awareness (SA) and human errors in logistic operations using a multiphase approach as an innovative methodology. Methods: Ethnography, eye tracking, error taxonomy, and retrospective think-aloud (RTA) were used to study the diverse cognitive, behavioral, and operational aspects affecting SA. After analyzing 566 events across 18 tasks, this research highlighted eye tracking’s potential by offering real-time insights into operator behavior and RTA’s potential as a method for cross-checking the causal factors underlying errors. Results: Critical tasks, like positioning forklifts and lowering pallets, significantly impact incident occurrence, while high-cognitive demand tasks, such as hoisting and identifying pedestrians/obstacles, reduce SA and increase errors. Driving tasks are particularly vulnerable to errors and are the most affected by operator risk generators (ORGs), representing 42% of incident risk events. This study identifies driving, hoisting, and lowering loads as the tasks most influenced by system factors. Limitations include the task difficulty levels, managing physical risk, and training. Future research is suggested in autonomous industrial vehicles and advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs). Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into how we may improve safety in logistics operations by proposing a multiphase methodology to uncover the patterns of attention, perception, and cognitive errors and their impact on decision-making.

Variational resolution probability maps for multi-UAV search tasks with changeable searching behaviors

Cooperative search is a fundamental task in the autonomous control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and much effort has been spent on finding an effective way to improve the global search performances. Two behavioral aspects are essentially considered during the multi-UAV cooperative search. One is the coverage (exploration) and the other is the retrospect to hotspot regions (exploitation). Most existing studies focus on the solutions to the former issue, by using the cognitive maps with fixed grid layouts, while ignoring the coexistence of both sides, which potentially induces the failures of finding hidden and indetectable targets. This paper presents a novel search method based on the cognitive maps with alternative grid settings, namely the variational resolution probability map (VRPM), to support the global searches with changeable phases and behaviors. To realize the transformations between different resolution maps in a given budget, the incremental learning is used to update the VRPM under limited number of samples. Potential games with different objectives are used to model the multi-UAV searching behaviors during explorations and exploitations. Lyapunov vector field (LVF) is then used to steer the UAVs toward their target grids in a given time horizon, so that the control period can be properly coincided with the temporal sequences of decision makings. Simulation results demonstrate the phase transitions from the explorations to the exploitations by the proposed method. Search accuracy and the retrospects to hotspot areas are also improved by comparison with the existing search strategies.

Leadership Traits and Investment Behavior: Examining the Influence of Leadership Characteristics on Behavioral Biases in Financial Decision-Making

This study investigates the relationship between leadership traits and behavioral biases in investment decisionmaking. Through a quantitative survey of 172 investors, the research examines how leadership characteristics influence susceptibility to overconfidence bias, anchoring bias, herding behavior, and loss aversion in investment contexts. The findings reveal a moderate negative correlation (-0.256) between leadership traits and behavioral biases, suggesting that stronger leadership qualities may help mitigate investment biases. However, regression analysis indicates this relationship is complex, with leadership traits explaining only a small portion of bias variance. The study finds that strategic decision-making capacity has the strongest negative correlation (-0.32) with overconfidence bias, while proactive management skills show consistent negative correlations across all behavioral biases. These findings contribute to both leadership and behavioral finance literature by establishing a novel connection between leadership traits and investment behavior, while highlighting the multifaceted nature of this relationship. The research has practical implications for investment advisors and leadership development programs, suggesting the need for integrated approaches that consider both leadership qualities and behavioral aspects in improving investment decision-making.

The Impact of the Habituation Agenda in Improving Training Services at The Ambon Religious Education and Training Center

This research discusses the impact of the habituation agenda on improving training services at B.D.K. Ambon. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in 2024 for 8 CPNS BDK Ambon as L.A.T.S.A.R.’s participants to explain the implementation of the habituation agenda to actualize the fundamental values of civil servants, namely A.N.E.K.A. The research examines how the habituation agenda was implemented and whether it impacted improving training services. Both primary and secondary data sources are the foundation of the research method, which includes data collection techniques such as interviews and documentation, as well as analysis techniques starting from data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The result indicates that the habituation agenda of 8 LATSAR CPNS BDK Ambon in 2021 acted as a process of instilling the fundamental values of civil servants, A.N.E.K.A., for 30 days at B.D.K. Ambon according to the actualization plan, which included three activities: scope in S.K.P., leader’s assignments and self-initiatives innovations to support training services. In general, the habituation agenda impacted enhancing the skills of civil servants in mastering technology due to the socialization activities and technology mastery training, namely the similar application, online training, and assessments, which contributes to a new working Culture based on information technology that improves training services. In particular, the impact of this agenda was able to enhance aspects of behavior, skills, and system transformation, as the training committee is greatly assisted by the availability of several guidebooks, manuals, and tutorial videos regarding the Simdiklat application, Online training, and the trainers’ assessment application. The employees of B.D.K. Ambon are also helped to use the E-kinerja application easily.

The Impact of Advertising on Consumers Perception

Now-a-days marketing is the need of the hour. It can be defined as a tool for the different companies those who want to attract and influence the customers’ perception. In today’s society consumers have intense powers on the other hand market is dynamic and have intense competition. Due to education &amp; technology enhancement perception and behaviour of the customers is getting changed constantly. We know very well that companies can stay in market only when their customers want so for maintaining the existence the behaviour and perception needs to be monitored on the regular basis. Hence it is necessary to get a deeper understanding of impact of advertising via different platforms on consumers. Not only the large MNCs are using the advertising techniques but also the small retailers do so to enhance the sale of their product. The purpose of this research paper is to focuses on the effects of TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet advertising on awareness, interest, conviction, purchase and post purchase behaviour of a customer. It reveals a fact that there is a positive correlation between advertising exposure, consumer attitude and purchase intentions. It emphasizes that advertising has the power to shape consumers perceptions and influence the decision-making process. The current study will provide a significant contribution to the existing literature on the impact of advertisements in shaping the behavioural aspect and perception of a customer.

Intranasal long R3 insulin-like growth factor-1 treatment promotes amyloid plaque remodeling in cerebral cortex but fails to preserve cognitive function in male 5XFAD mice.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) promotes neurogenesis, cell survival, and glial function, making it a promising candidate therapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Long arginine 3-IGF-1 (LR3-IGF-1) is a potent IGF-1 analogue. We sought to determine whether intranasal (IN) LR3 treatment would delay cognitive decline and pathology in 5XFAD mice. Wildtype and 5XFAD male mice were treated for 7 months (3-10 months of age), with IN LR3-IGF-1 or IN Vehicle (Veh) (n = 19-27 mice/group). Behavior, memory, and brain imaging were assessed at 8-9 months of age and tissues collected at 10 months. A comprehensive amyloid-β (Aβ) profile and other pathologic features were conducted and supportive in vitro stimulation studies in BV-2 microglial cells were also performed. In male 5XFAD mice, IN LR3-IGF-1 treatment improved body composition, but did not significantly alter cognitive symptoms, as assessed by multiple assays. In cortex, LR3 treatment improved some facets of pathology, including a reduction in filamentous plaques, and increase in inert plaques, corresponding with a reduction in low molecular weight Aβ oligomers. In vitro, uptake of Aβ1-42 peptide by BV2 cells was enhanced by LR3-IGF-1, which was also found to promote gene pathways implicated in actin remodeling and endocytosis. LR3 promotes favorable effects on Aβ plaque remodeling in cortex of male 5XFAD mice but fails to preserve aspects of behavior or memory. While these data do not support LR3 as a monotherapy per se, they do warrant further investigation into its potential for combinatorial formulations aimed at targeting the complexity of AD.

Do counselor candidates have individualizing or binding moral foundations?

ABSTRACT Recent research has highlighted the application of moral foundations theory in counseling settings as it can provide a complex framework to understand the concept of morality, moral diversity, values, and decision-making processes. The emergence and development of social justice and multicultural counseling competencies has particularly raised important concerns regarding the application of values in counseling. The present study examined moral foundations as predictors of counseling students’ universality – diversity orientation. Three hundred and fifty-six counseling students at the undergraduate level participated in the research (M age = 21.86, SD = 2.26, 77.1% female). The results of a series of multiple regression analyses indicated that individualizing foundations were stronger predictors of universality – diversity orientation. Fairness was the only significant predictor of the behavioral aspect of universality – diversity orientation (diversity of contact), while fairness and care robustly predicted the cognitive aspect of universality – diversity orientation (relativistic appreciation). Care, authority, and loyalty significantly predicted the emotional aspect (comfort with differences). Overall, these results suggest that the participating counselor candidates were more likely to rely on individualizing foundations for cultural competence.

Bringing about Effective Transformation in the Armed Forces : A Behavioural Sciences Perspective

The research explores the role of behavioural and attitudinal aspects on bringing about change in large and complex organisation of the military

Exploring the Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Shprintzen-Goldberg Syndrome; a Novel Cohort and Literature Review.

Shprintzen-Goldberg-syndrome (SGS) is caused by pathogenic exon 1 variants of SKI. Symptoms include dysmorphic features, skeletal and cardiovascular comorbidities, and cognitive and developmental impairments. We delineated the neurodevelopmental and behavioral features of SGS, as they are not well-documented. We collected physician-reported data of people with molecularly confirmed SGS through an international collaboration. We identified and deep-phenotyped the neurodevelopmental and behavioral features in four patients. Within our cohort, all exhibited developmental delays in motor skills and/or speech, with the average age of first words at 2 years and 6 months and independent walking at 3 years and 5 months. All four had learning disabilities and difficulties regulating emotions and behavior. Intellectual disability, ranging from borderline to moderate, was present in all four participants. Moreover, we reviewed the literature and identified 52 additional people with SGS, and summarized the features across both datasets. Mean age was 23 years (9-48 years). When combining our cohort and reported cases, we found that 80% (45/56) had developmental and/or cognitive impairment, with the remainder having normal intelligence. Our study elucidates the developmental, cognitive, and behavioral features in participants with SGS and contributes to a better understanding of this rare condition.

A Scoping Study on AI Affordances in Early Childhood Education: Mapping the Global Landscape, Identifying Research Gaps, and Charting Future Research Directions

Artificial intelligence (AI), manifested in the forms of technologies, systems, tools, and applications, has advanced rapidly, especially in recent years. It has permeated many aspects of human behavior and nearly all sectors of society, such as healthcare and education. In the context of early childhood education (ECE), AI has afforded valuable opportunities that directly and indirectly enhance children’s learning and development. While there are already two existing reviews of the literature on AI in ECE, they show either a lack of descriptive information concerning selected studies or inconsistencies between inclusion/exclusion criteria and selected studies, thereby raising concerns about their rigor. Representing a more methodologically rigorous effort and a significant contribution to the field of AI in ECE, this scoping study aimed to achieve three main goals: (1) “mapping” the global landscape of the current extent, range, and nature of relevant studies on the affordances of AI for use in ECE, (2) identifying potential research gaps, and (3) charting future research directions. Specifically, it addressed this overarching research question: What is the global landscape of the current state of knowledge concerning the affordances of AI for use in ECE? Specifically, the state of knowledge here refers to three aspects: (1) extent, (2) range, and (3) nature. First, regarding the extent aspect, the empirical knowledge was derived from 18 research articles in 11 countries and 16 peer-reviewed academic journals between 2005 and 2023, with 14 of these articles published in the past four years (2020–2023). Second, with respect to the range of study populations, it covered 15,081 children in early childhood (ages 2 to 8 years) across these 11 countries. Third, thematic analysis of these studies revealed four areas of AI affordances: (1) AI as tangible and intangible tools for interactive learning and information retrieval, (2) AI as technology for predicting/classifying children’s conditions, (3) AI as the object for learning by adapting to and personalizing children’s learning, and (4) AI as the subject for children's learning about it. Based on these findings, this scoping review identified three research gaps for future studies: (1) interviewing and/or surveying education stakeholders (parents, educators, policymakers) to explore the affordances of appropriate AI for use with, by, and for children bearing ethical considerations; (2) conducting group comparisons to investigate contextual factors contributing to the “AI divide” among children from different socioeconomic backgrounds; and (3) comparing sociocultural influences on AI use in ECE across cultures.

RED Is “Happy” but Also “Gloomy”: The Influence of Young People on Color Preference and Emotional Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted human psychological and emotional states, influencing behaviors, including color preferences. This study aimed to explore how the pandemic affected people’s color preferences and emotional responses, shedding light on the broader implications for psychological well-being. A total of 231 participants were divided into two groups based on the depth to which they were affected by the pandemic, considering factors such as personality, family, friends, work/lessons, relationships, and consumption. The findings revealed four key results: (1) participants’ preference for cooler colors such as blue and green increased, reflecting a need for calmness and stability during heightened stress, while their preference for warm colors decreased. (2) Personal consumption was identified as the most severely impacted area. (3) The pandemic reduced people’s overall preference for warm colors. (4) The pandemic triggered strong negative and contradictory emotions. These results highlight the significant shift towards cooler colors, which are associated with calmness, and suggest important applications in design, marketing, and mental health initiatives. Understanding the psychological effects of the pandemic on color preferences provides valuable insights across multiple fields and emphasizes the importance of adapting to the reshaped aspects of human behavior in the face of future challenges.

Tracking puppy development: automated analysis and qualitative behavioral assessmentin repeated open field tests.

Early puppy development is a crucial period that significantly influences a dog's lifelong health, behavior and personality. In this study, the behavioral development of Kangal puppies was investigated through repeated open-field testing, focusing on exploratory behavior, mobility, and responses to novel stimuli. Thirty-three Kangal puppies (20 males and 13 females) from various breeding centers in Sivas Province, Türkiye, were evaluated. The puppies were tested in a controlled open-field environment at 5, 6, and 8 weeks of age. Tests included a novel environment test at 5 weeks and novel object tests at 6 and 8 weeks. Mobility rate, exploration rate, and total distance parameters were measured using automated tracking software (ToxTrac). Qualitative behavioral assessments (QBAs) were performed to evaluate three distinct behavioral and emotional aspects: curiosity, comfort, and fearfulness. The results of these assessments revealed significant increases in curiosity and comfort scores over the testing weeks, with a concomitant decrease in fearfulness. Additionally, tracking data showed increased mobility and decreased exploration rates throughout the testing weeks. Significant correlations were found between curiosity and exploratory behavior, as well as between mobility and comfort scores. Overall, our findings suggest that Kangal puppies exhibit expected behavioral developments in repeated open field testing, with patterns consistent across multiple analyses. These results provide valuable insights into the behavioral development of Kangal puppies and underscore the importance of considering curiosity and other internal motivations in understanding animal behavior.

A kontaktreagálásokat befolyásoló tényezők az intézkedések során, valamint azok integrálása képzési rendszerekbe

Aim: To reform and unify the measures tactical training of actors responsible for creating and maintaining public order and security in order to promote the development of a uniform culture of measures. Methodology: As a practicing police officer, the author of the study examines the equipment system of the isolated section, the capabilities of its actors, and the effects of their actions. By analysing realistic situation exercises, it examines the phases of the range of decision making mechanisms and the psychological factors influencing them. Findings: The author directs attention to the possibilities inherent inaction tactics training, as well as to how the knowledge included int he study can help prepare the individual. Value: The author of the study wants to promote the development possibilities of the training system of the state law enforcement agencies and the private sector, as a result of which the deficiency of the specific training of the instructors is brought into focus, as well as the timeliness of its reformation. By examining the behavioural aspects of law enforcement officers, the author wishes to support all the good practices that promote the effectiveness of contact responses integrated into the educational theme and, in parallel, the cooperation of the selection system.