Aspects Of Autonomy Research Articles

Parenting Styles and Cognitive Autonomy Among Indonesian Adolescents

Autonomy is one of the critical developmental tasks in adolescence, however, research frequently focuses on the behavioral and emotional aspects. Meanwhile, the cognitive aspect of autonomy is equally important to be examined and promoted. Hence, this study aimed to examine the relationship between parenting style as a factor that significantly plays a role in the development of adolescent independence, and cognitive autonomy. This study involved 308 high-school Indonesian adolescents (58.1% female, 41.9% male). We used multiple regression analysis to examine the hypotheses. The study found that supportive parenting (warmth, structure, and autonomy support) was significantly associated with cognitive autonomy (p<0.001), while unsupportive parenting (rejection, chaos, and coercion) did not correlate with cognitive autonomy. In addition, there was no difference between male and female adolescents in cognitive autonomy levels. These results can be further utilized for future research and/or to develop intervention programs for adolescents' ability to think independently.

PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IBU YANG MEMILIKI ANAK TUNARUNGU

The various challenges faced by parents of deaf children can cause stress in parents. The stress experienced by parents in raising deaf children harms the parent's ability to care for children so it can have an impact on the psychological well-being of parents, especially mothers of deaf children. The aim of this research is to explore and understand the psychological well-being of mothers in caring for their deaf children. The method used in this research is narrative qualitative. The sampling method was carried out using a purposive sampling method. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured interview method. The participants in this research were four mothers of deaf children whose ages were between six years old until twelve years old and who attended special schools. The results of this study show that the challenges in caring for a deaf child can have an impact on the mother's psychological well-being. In terms of self-acceptance, mothers accept the condition of their deaf children but tend to be dissatisfied with the care they provide for their children. The mother's attempts to broaden her understanding about deaf children and their care, demonstrate the personal growth component. In terms of positive relations with others, friends in the community are a source of enthusiasm for the mother in raising children. The demand to care for children independently encourages mothers to develop aspects of autonomy and environmental mastery. When it comes to their purpose in life, mothers have the desire to make their children become self-sufficient and able to communicate in the future.

Exploring secondary school teachers' creativity in differentiated instruction (DI) practices across Indonesian EFL classrooms

The emergence of social, technological, and other aspects of life leads to increasing complexity in EFL instruction, requiring teachers to modify their instructions and accommodate students' learning needs through differentiated instruction (DI). DI requires that teachers diversify their instruction to optimize it. However, many teachers regard DI as challenging, requiring advanced teaching skills and creative thinking. Thus, this qualitative study aimed to investigate how teachers express their creativity in DI education and which areas of creativity need to be addressed. The data was collected by observing teaching performances and interviews with six Indonesian EFL secondary school instructors. The DI-Quest instrument was used for observation, and the English Language Teaching Creativity Scale (ELT-CS) was used to build the interview guide. The findings revealed diverse types of creativity in five dimensions: motivation, originality and elaboration, brainstorming, fluency and flexibility, and press and materials. However, teachers experienced difficulties articulating the creative aspect of autonomy in DI classrooms. Some pedagogical implications are addressed, particularly in teacher professional development programs.

Assessing regulatory governance for the water and sanitation Agencies in Brazil

This paper focuses on evaluating and benchmarking the governance of regulatory agencies in Brazil's water and sanitation sector. Using a unique database obtained through the application of a questionnaire, we developed an index of regulatory governance and ranked all the agencies in Brazil that participated in the study. The index is an aggregate number of the evaluation of four key governance characteristics: Autonomy, Transparency, Accountability, and Tools & Capacity, including not only formal aspects of regulation but also indicators related to actual implementation. Based on 18 different indices, we analyze the positions of agencies with regard to different aspects of their regulatory governance, considering not only performance in each variable but also scores in the different components of each category. This evaluation identifies particular agency shortcomings regarding governance and indicates needed improvements. Although Brazil has strived to consolidate the governance design of its regulatory agencies, implementing the independent regulator model still faces several challenges. Various aspects of governance can be improved to pursue greater efficiency and quality in providing services, particularly in Accountability and Political Autonomy, where the country shows the largest number of regulatory agencies with the lowest scores. Conversely, almost half of the participating agencies show optimal scores in the Regulatory Autonomy aspect of governance. The results, for the most part, corroborate the institutional theory, in which the role of institutions is paramount for greater efficiency in providing public services, as it reduces information asymmetries and transaction costs and maximizes economic incentives.

Is the future of work hybrid? Examining motivations and expectations related to working from home in knowledge workers' lived experiences

PurposeThis study explores the topic of remote work and the changing motivations to working from home after the COVID-19 pandemic-induced exposure to working from home. It examines the effects of that forced work from home (WFH) experience on subsequent motivations for continuing part or all of that changed mode of working. In this study, the authors examine the perspective of front-line knowledge workers regarding the motivation to WFH based on their lived experiences.Design/methodology/approachSelf-determination theory (SDT) provided the theoretical basis for the study (Ryan and Deci, 2000, 2017). The authors employed semi-structured individual and group interviews (with 28 participants) and explored the following questions: How has the competence aspect of motivation to WFH changed due to the shift that occurred during the pandemic? How has the relatedness aspect of motivation to WFH changed due to the shift that occurred during the pandemic? How has the autonomy aspect of motivation to WFH changed due to the shift that transpired during the pandemic?FindingsThe findings show that there was a change from an extrinsic motivation based on external factors to one that is more intrinsic, or internal, in nature for knowledge workers who experienced the switch to working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study makes an important contribution by developing a theoretical model based on SDT (Ryan and Deci, 2000, 2017) in the context of WFH. In the first phase (Phase 1), workers experienced many transitional challenges due to the suddenness and intensiveness of the shift. However, over time workers adapted and adjusted (we refer to this as Phase 2 in our model). Ultimately, all three aspects of SDT – competence, relatedness and autonomy – increased motivation to work from home. However, we also found some factors that act as demotivators to knowledge workers for embracing remote work such as those involving career advancement and the expectation of voice. Despite these moderating factors, the overall progression toward the desire to WFH, at least on a hybrid basis, has continued after adjusting to the forced experience of telecommuting during the pandemic.Originality/valueThe contribution of this study is to disaggregate the short-term effects of the sudden transition, to the longer-term effects after adaption and adjustment occurred, and to connect that to a new perspective on work by employees. It does this by extending SDT to the context of motivation regarding work from home. The COVID-19 pandemic provided experience of and opportunities for telework to more employees and changed many of their expectations and motivations. By looking at front-line knowledge workers’ expectations and motivations related to home-based work, we can better understand the increased demand by workers for hybrid work schedules.

A recent systematic review of tailoring teacher autonomy through personality insights

Providing teachers autonomy that aligns with their personalities can foster a greater sense of ownership and commitment to their work, increasing student engagement and academic achievement. The relationship between teacher personality and professional autonomy in education is crucial for pedagogical effectiveness, job satisfaction, and student outcomes. Nonetheless, a gap persists in the current literature, underscoring a lack of thorough understanding of how personality influences educators' autonomy experiences. This systematic review tackles the need for a comprehensive understanding of various aspects of teacher autonomy and teacher personality insights. The primary objective of this systematic review is to explore and assess the literature on teacher autonomy through personality insights. Note that the flow of the study is based on the PRISMA framework. By analyzing a comprehensive selection using advanced searching approaches on Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases (n = 30), the final primary data was examined using mixed methods from the recent articles in the year of 2023. Expert scholars decided to develop four themes, which are [1] Autonomy Support and Academic Performance, [2] Teacher Well-being and Turnover, [3] Motivation and Teaching Style, and [4] Cross-cultural Perspectives on Autonomy. Therefore, future studies ought to investigate how different personalities affect teacher satisfaction, classroom dynamics, and student learning results to improve professional development and provide useful insights for educational policymakers and practitioners.

Revisiting Hindu Marriage Norms: Unveiling Women’s Agency in Ancient India

This article extensively explores marriage norms in ancient India, focusing on women's agency. It begins by dissecting the concept of marriage and its variations in ancient India and sheds light on its significance from women's viewpoints. It scrutinises the roles of women within the institution, including debates surrounding the age of marriage, the qualities sought in brides, and the complexities of partner selection including the prohibited degrees of marriage. The paper delves into her roles in marriage rituals as well as post-marital positions. Contentious issues like divorce and remarriage of women have also been touched. Overall, this article aims to uncover obscure aspects of women's autonomy within marriage, analysing their roles and representations across all facets. By examining evolving Hindu marriage norms throughout the Vedic, Puranic and Smriti periods, it emphasizes the need for a refined understanding of women's agency. The paper seeks to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of marriage in ancient India, particularly from the perspective of women's representations, urging readers to reconsider conventional narratives. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 69(1), 2024, pp. 1-32

Brainwide mesoscale functional networks revealed by focal infrared neural stimulation of the amygdala.

The primate amygdala serves to evaluate emotional content of sensory inputs and modulate emotional and social behaviors; it modulates cognitive, multisensory and autonomic circuits predominantly via the basal (BA), lateral (LA), and central (CeA) nuclei, respectively. Based on recent electrophysiological evidence suggesting mesoscale (millimeters-scale) nature of intra-amygdala functional organization, we have investigated the connectivity of these nuclei using Infrared Neural Stimulation of single mesoscale sites coupled with mapping in ultrahigh field 7T functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (INS-fMRI). Stimulation of multiple sites within amygdala of single individuals evoked 'mesoscale functional connectivity maps', allowing comparison of BA, LA and CeA connected brainwide networks. This revealed a mesoscale nature of connected sites, complementary spatial patterns of functional connectivity, and topographic relationships of nucleus-specific connections. Our data reveal a functional architecture of systematically organized brainwide networks mediating sensory, cognitive, and autonomic influences from the amygdala.

Enhancing Dementia Nursing Homes in South Korea: Lessons from German Building Standards

South Korea is an aging society with a rapidly increasing number of people with dementia. In that context, this study aimed to compare dementia nursing home building standards in South Korea and Germany, based on the minimum physical and architectural requirements specified by both countries’ relevant laws, to gain insights into improving South Korean building standards. I examined South Korea’s Welfare of Senior Citizens Act and its Enforcement Regulations, and Germany’s Federal Nursing Home Act (HeimG), Regulation on Minimum Standards for Nursing Homes (HeimMindBauV), and the corresponding state regulations. The analysis revealed differences regarding the basic requirements, facility sizes, composition of necessary rooms, and detailed regulations pertaining to these rooms. South Korea emphasized autonomy, including barrier-free and compensatory environments, as well as safety and security. Meanwhile, Germany enhanced similar aspects of autonomy to those in South Korea, including the barrier-free standard DIN 18040-2. Additionally, Germany incorporated features such as familiarity, sensory stimulation, legibility, and social interaction, reflecting aspects that offer orientational cues for autonomy. Improving South Korean building standards requires stronger regulations on the autonomy of individuals with dementia. Further, additional regulations on familiarity, sensory stimulation, legibility, and social interactions should be considered. The results provide foundational data for cross-national comparisons to establish building standards for dementia-friendly built spaces in dementia nursing homes in South Korea. Further surveys on spatial utilization, discussions, and the application of proposed improvements in Korea would contribute to enhancing the dementia-friendly nursing home design in the country.

Experiences of children with congenital Zika syndrome while using motorized mobility: a qualitative study using the photovoice method

Aim The congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) often leads to severe motor impairment in affected children, making independent walking unlikely. Early introduction of motorized mobility through ride-on cars has been recommended for young children with severe motor impairment, enabling independent movement in various environments. This study aims to explore mothers’ perceptions of their children’s experiences while using ride-on cars at home and in the community, focusing on children with CZS. Methods This is a qualitative and descriptive study design using the Photovoice method. Four mothers of children with CZS, participating in the ‘Go Zika Go’ intervention project, were included. The research involved the following six steps: 1) Presentation of guide questions and Photovoice training; 2) Participants capturing photos; 3) Individual interviews to contextualize the photos; 4) Transcription and data analysis using thematic analysis principles; 5) Validation of analyses by mothers; and 6) Exhibition of photos to the community. Results The mothers and researchers selected the 21 most relevant photographs, which revealed five main themes related to the use of motorized ride-on cars: 1) Experiences of participation; 2) Independence in mobility; 3) Characteristics of mobility devices; 4) Family support; and 5) Accessibility of the environment. Conclusion The narratives provided by participants, along with photographs depicting the daily lives of children with CZS, shed light on aspects of functionality, autonomy, and participation. The use of these devices contributes to overall equity, breaking down social and cultural barriers and enabling children with disabilities to be seen as equals by their peers.

Participation and autonomy, independence in activities of daily living and upper extremity functioning in individuals with spinal cord injury

Improvements in care and rehabilitation have resulted in a higher proportion of people living with spinal cord injury (SCI), which calls for an increased focus on participation and autonomy. This observational cross-sectional study investigated the impact of SCI on autonomy and how it correlates to activity performance and upper extremity functioning. A total of 25 adults (mean age 58 years) with chronic cervical or thoracic SCI were included. Self-perceived autonomy was measured with Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire, independence in activities of daily living (ADL) with Spinal Cord Independence Measure, upper extremity functioning with Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and kinematic measures of the drinking task. The results showed that most participants perceived injury-related restrictions in outdoor autonomy (80%), family role (76%), and in indoor autonomy (72%). Independence in self-care (r = 0.72), mobility (r = 0.59) and upper extremity kinematics of movement time (r = 0.63) and smoothness (r = 0.49) were correlated to indoors autonomy. Social life autonomy was correlated to self-care (r = 0.50) and ARAT (r = 0.41). In conclusion, autonomy was perceived restricted after SCI in several major life areas and correlated with independence in ADL and upper extremity functioning. The aspects of autonomy should be considered more in goal setting and clinical decision-making.

Factors affecting public acceptance of healthy lifestyle nudges

In two online vignette studies, we investigated the effects of healthy lifestyle nudging and pricing interventions in two different contexts: a supermarket (Study 1) and a train station (Study 2). In Study 1 (N = 318) participants were randomly assigned to evaluate one of eight interventions described in a vignette and designed to either encourage healthier food choices or discourage unhealthy food choices in a supermarket setting. Two interventions comprised a small financial incentive to either encourage a healthy food choice or discourage an unhealthy food choice, but the other six interventions were nudges conceived to specifically impact agency, self-constitution or freedom of choice (three different aspects of autonomy). Relative to these nudges, the financial incentive interventions were not found to be less acceptable or more patronising. Overall, the encouragement of healthy food choices was rated as more acceptable and less patronising. The same pattern of results was found in Study 2 (N = 314). We conclude that interventions threatening specific aspects of one's autonomy do not necessarily affect its acceptance. However, the behavioural focus does affect intervention acceptance, that is, interventions focused on encouraging healthy choices are considered more acceptable than interventions that discourage the unhealthy option.

하향식 접근법을 통한 다독의 통합적 전략 연구

The purpose of this study is to investigate the integrative strategy with a focus on a top-down approach to extensive reading and review the research, suggesting its pedagogic implications for the classroom. Based on research data on extensive reading, the integration strategy that EFL learners use to read is discussed as to whether it effectively promotes the cognitive aspect of reading abilities and learner autonomy in EFL learners. In addition, this study analyzes a top-down approach and bottom-up approach for voluntary extensive reading and suggests significant insights for foreign language reading instruction. In summary, the top-down approach with a focus on interactive extensive reading shows that the learner-centered extensive reading emphasizes meaning-centered comprehension, together with a positive attitude and enjoyment of reading. By promoting extensive reading, educators aim to create an environment where learners can naturally develop their foreign language skills through exposure to authentic texts.

Transient communities: The case of a refugee choir in the Catholic church of Lesvos — Eirini Papanikolaou, Jennifer Sherrill & Antonis Ververis

For many refugees fleeing conflict in the Middle East and Africa, the Greek island of Lesvos is the first point of entry into the European Union. However, due to an agreement between the European Union and Turkey declared in March of 2016, people crossing the Aegean Sea without formal travel documents would be detained on the Greek islands until their asylum applications were examined. This bureaucratic slowdown trapped refugees on Lesvos for months and years of unknown waiting. At the same time, the arrival of refugees from various African countries led to a flourishing of the small Catholic church in the capital city, Mytilene. In 2017, a parish choir was established by Congolese refugees with the purpose of providing a refuge to members who sought a sense of community, spirituality, and normality. Through interviews, participatory observation, and polyvocal ethnography, we address the following research areas: the importance of spirituality in the lives of refugees, how participation in the choir helped them to feel a sense of community, and the use of choral singing as a form of integration. More specifically, we discuss how the refugee-initiated autonomous aspect of the choir created an environment in which each member had a personal stake in developing and caring for the choir community as a whole. As a majority of the interviewees felt that singing for God was the highest purpose, participation in this choir helped members connect to their faith while also giving a much-needed sense of purpose in uncertain times.

Lietuvos Respublikos integracija Europos Sąjungoje Liublino unijos kontekste: konstituciniai aspektai

When we see the processes of globalisation taking place at the present time, and when we associate Lithuania’s integration primarily with integration into the European Union, we completely forget about the processes that took place in the 17th century when the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland formed a common federal aristocratic monarchy. Looking back in time and observing a certain regularity, we can apply the knowledge gained from the analysis to assess the current processes of Lithuania’s integration into the European Union, which have taken place very recently and are still ongoing, and which is a valuable experience for us in anticipating possible challenges. 
 The research work analyses the integration processes and the differences between the integration of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Republic of the Two Nations in the context of the Lublin Union of 1569 and the integration of the Republic of Lithuania after its accession to the European Union. This theme is explored through the constitutional aspects, the changes in integration in general, the impact on the symbols of statehood - the currency, the coat of arms, the flag, the capital, and the status of the language, as well as the aspects of autonomy in the administration of justice and the regulation of customs. Integration in itself is not necessarily a process that diminishes the importance of national symbols, and this is well illustrated by the status of the language, but reverse changes, such as changes in the currency, are not excluded.

Enhancing Corporate Innovation Through Artificial Intelligence Adoption: A Study of Chinese Telecommunications Companies

This study explores the impact mechanism of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption intensity on corporate innovation performance within the context of the digital economy. Using a sample of Chinese telecommunications companies, the research investigates how AI adoption intensity influences innovation performance. Empirical analysis reveals a significant positive relationship between AI adoption intensity and innovation performance. Furthermore, AI availability, encompassing mobile, interactive, and autonomous aspects, is found to partially mediate this relationship. The study underscores the role of AI adoption in enhancing innovation efficiency and effectiveness, facilitating lean and agile product development, and supporting various stages of the innovation process. Despite its contributions, the research acknowledges limitations in sample representation and calls for future studies to broaden the scope and address potential negative impacts of AI adoption. This study provides insights into the transformative potential of AI in fostering corporate innovation.

The effects of language learning strategy instruction on college students’ English achievement and learner autonomy in mainland China: A meta-analysis

This meta-analysis synthesized recent research on promoting learner autonomy through strategy instruction in tertiary English classrooms in China for two main purposes: (a) to estimate the effects of strategy instruction on English achievement and outcomes related to learner autonomy; and (b) to examine the moderating effects of a set of intervention and contextual characteristics. A total of 49 studies contributed to 111 effect sizes for this meta-analysis. Using a random-effects model, this study finds that the overall effect size of strategy instruction was 0.92 (p < 0.001). The type of outcome measure significantly moderated the impact of strategy instruction. Interventions that assessed multiple aspects of learner autonomy (cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and social) had a significantly higher mean effect size than those assessing a single aspect. The results suggest strategy instruction is a viable instructional tool for promoting learner autonomy among college students in English-as-a-foreign-language classrooms. The results emphasize that fully understanding the impact of a strategy instruction intervention on learner autonomy requires an examination of its various dimensions.

The Relationship Between Intrinsic Motivation Dimensions and Job Performance among Employees in Majlis Perbandaran Alor Gajah (MPAG), Melaka, Malaysia

The study looks at the relationship between the competency and autonomy aspects of intrinsic motivation in relation to an employee's job performance. The objectives of this study are to identify the correlation between intrinsic motivation dimensions towards job performance and to determine which factor of intrinsic motivation most influence the job performance. The population of this research was 356 employees in Majlis Perbandaran Alor Gajah (MPAG), Melaka regardless of their position. In this study, simple random sampling was used because it is most suitable and capable to obtain the sample of elements. Findings of the study show that, job performance has a positive, medium, and significant relationship at the 0.05 level with competency with r value of .405. Following by the relationship between job performance and autonomy is moderate with positive r value of .366. Hence, it was found that all the variables examined were the factors that contributing to job performance among the employees at MPAG.

Basic Psychological Needs Predicting Physical Activity Participation among Young Adults

It is alarming that despite the numerous accrued benefits of physical activity participation, many young adults in tertiary institutions engage in inactive and sedentary lifestyles, which can be linked to many cases of morbidity and mortality. However, according to the self-determination theory (SDT), individuals have three basic psychological needs (BPNs) that are essential for healthy growth, development and well-being. The necessity to fulfill these BPN’s can stimulate and encourage young adults to engage in regular physical activity and enhance their well-being. Therefore, this study examined the role of BPN’s in predicting physical activity participation among young adults in Nigerian private university. A total of 735 students, comprising 408 males (55.5%) and 327 females (44.5%), with ages ranging from 16 to 35 years (mean = 22.8; SD = 5.42), were randomly selected from a private university in the South-west, of Nigeria. The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used to collect data. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study showed that the BPN’s of autonomy (r =0.233, p&lt;0.05); competence (r =0.188, p &lt; 0.05), and relatedness (r = 0.477, p&lt;0.05) positively correlated with physical activity participation. Additionally, the results found that 25% had low, 57.1% had moderate and 17.8% had high levels of physical activity participation among the participants. There was a significant gender difference between males and females’ in their levels of participation in physical activity (t =2.866, p &lt; 0.05), with males reporting higher mean scores than their female counterpart. Regression analysis showed that BPN’s predicted physical activity participation among young adults (F (3,731) = 73.968, p &lt; 0.05) with 23% of its variance accounted for by the independent variables. Furthermore, autonomy (ß = 0.071, t = 1.970, p &lt; 0.05) and relatedness (ß = 0.478, t =12.589, p &lt; 0.05) were predictors of physical activity participation with relatedness being reported as the most potent predictor. These findings provide an insight into focus the importance of satisfying the relatedness and autonomy aspects of BPN’s in young adults. Developing interventions that target these identified indices can promote continuous and regular participation in physical activity. Keywords: basic psychological needs, relatedness, autonomy, physical activity, young adults ‬

Factors Behind Women’s Decision Making Autonomy: An Analysis from Nationally Representative Survey

The socioeconomic variables have a strong impact on the decision-making and physical movement of women, worldwide studies suggest the same. In this study, we have tried to know the various determinants of women’s autonomy. We have taken the data from the fourth round National Family Health Survey (NFHS) (2015-16), published by the International Institution on Population Sciences (IIPS). For the statistical analysis, we used basic descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation between the socioeconomic variables and autonomy responses. Later to predict the occurrence of various autonomy aspects, binary logistic regression has been used with various socioeconomic variables. After getting the results, it has come to know that women’s decision-making and freedom of movement-related autonomy are largely influenced by socioeconomic variables. Major findings stated that with increasing age of women, autonomy increases. Women who belong to the rural setup have a low level of autonomy. From a religious perspective, women from the Muslim community have lower autonomy. Apart from these women have higher education, employed and in rich households have a higher likelihood of autonomy. Based on the outcomes, it is clear to us that women’s autonomy is largely influenced by their socioeconomic condition.