Aspects Of Assertiveness Research Articles

Pengembangan Keterampilan Sosial Anak Berhadapan Dengan Hukum (ABH) Pada Program Vokasional Di Sentra Handayani

In recent years, Indonesia has seen an increase in child rights violations, specifically cases of Children Against the Law (ABH). The Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) recorded 29,322 cases of complaints related to violations of children's rights from 2017-2022, including cases involving children dealing with the law. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of the vocational program conducted by Sentra Handayani in developing the social skills of ABH. The research is a descriptive qualitative study, where the researcher directly observes and records phenomena without manipulating variables. Sentra Handayani offers various rehabilitation programs, including a vocational program. The study applies the social skills theory of Gresham & Elliot (2008), which identifies cooperation, assertiveness, responsibility, empathy, and self-control as key aspects of social skills. The results indicate that three aspects, namely cooperation, responsibility, and self-control, require reaffirmation and supervision as there were no significant changes. However, the aspects of assertiveness and empathy showed positive developments.

Intelligence and Personality

Abstract. This replication and extension of DeYoung, Quilty, Peterson, and Gray’s (2014) study aimed to assess the unique variance of each of the 10 aspects of the Big Five personality traits ( DeYoung, Quilty, & Peterson, 2007 ) associated with intelligence and its dimensions. Personality aspects and intelligence were assessed in a sample of French-Canadian adults from real-life assessment settings ( n = 213). Results showed that the Intellect aspect was independently associated with g, verbal, and nonverbal intelligence while its counterpart Openness was independently related to verbal intelligence only, thus replicating the results of the original study. Independent associations were also found between Withdrawal, Industriousness and Assertiveness aspects and verbal intelligence, as well as between Withdrawal and Politeness aspects and nonverbal intelligence. Possible explanations for these associations are discussed.

Аспекты ассертивности и их взаимосвязь с компонентами жизнестойкости у женщин 65-75 лет

Аспекты ассертивности и их взаимосвязь с компонентами жизнестойкости у женщин 65-75 лет

Universality of gender differences in 10 aspects of personality: A study of younger and older adult Peruvians

This study replicated the Weinberg, DeYoung, and Hirsh (2011) Canadian study in Lima, Peru to assess the universality of gender differences in personality. Younger (aged 22–32, N=363) and older (aged 33–55, N=348) participants in university executive extension programs filled in the Big Five Aspect Scales. Gender differences entailing the commonalities of the Volatility and Withdrawal aspects of Neuroticism and the specificities of the Enthusiasm and Assertiveness aspects of Extraversion emerged in one or the other age group. Gender differences in the commonalities of the Compassion and Politeness aspects of Agreeableness and specificities of the Intellect and Openness aspects occurred in both groups. The article addresses the possible reasons why these gender differences in personality recur consistently.

Relations of mother\u2019s sense of coherence and childrearing style with child\u2019s social skills in preschoolers

BackgroundWe examined the relationships between mothers’ sense of coherence (SOC) and their child’s social skills development among preschool children, and how this relationship is mediated by mother’s childrearing style.MethodsMothers of 1341 Japanese children, aged 4–5 years, completed a self-report questionnaire on their SOC and childrearing style. The children’s teachers evaluated their social skills using the social skills scale (SSS), which comprises three factors: cooperation, self-control, and assertion.ResultsPath analyses revealed that the mother’s childrearing mediated the positive relationship between mother’s SOC and the cooperation, self-control, and assertiveness aspects of children’s social skills. Additionally, there was a significant direct path from mother’s SOC to the self-control component of social skills.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that mother’s SOC may directly as well as indirectly influence children’s social skills development through the mediating effect of childrearing. The results offer preliminary evidence that focusing on support to improve mothers’ SOC may be an efficient and effective strategy for improving children’s social skills development.

ASPEK HUKUM CLASS ACTION DAN CITIZEN LAW SUIT SERTA PERKEMBANGANNYA DI INDONESIA

The assertion aspects and Citizen Law Class Action Law Suit in fact has been recognized and accepted by the Judge and Judicial us, this condition affirmed the issuance of the Supreme Court of Indonesia Regulation Number I of 2002. Legal Breakthrough Central Jakarta District Court that receive and examine claims has increased the belief of justice seekers denganadanya decisions on a lawsuit aqua. However, it must be recognized that in the particular jurisdiction in Indonesia, based on research results Research Center of Law and Justice of the Supreme Court still found many judges who do not understand the legal aspects of handling and class action law suit and the citizen. Characteristics of the class action lawsuits and citizen law suit is necessary shared understanding of both the Judge and the community as a plaintiff; To understand the uniqueness of this lawsuit we all need to do a comparison on other countries that have implemented first lawsuit is like America, Canada etc. Keywords: Aspects of Law, Class Action, Citzen Law Suit

An Aspect-Oriented Approach to Modular Behavioral Specification

Behavioral interface specification languages, such as Java Modeling Language (JML), can be used to specify the behavior of program modules. We have developed a behavioral interface specification language Moxa, an extension of JML. Moxa provides a new modularization mechanism called assertion aspect that can capture the crosscutting properties among assertions. In this paper, we briefly explain the notion of assertion aspects and the design of Moxa, and then we show an example specification. By comparing the specification to its JML counterpart, we show that the use of assertion aspects clarifies the large, complex specification and greatly simplifies each assertion in the specification.

Inertia in the attributional content of annual accounting narratives

Narrative disclosures in annual reports reflect explanatory activities in which specific attribution patterns can be identi-fied. Research on corporate attributional behaviour within the context of financial accounting narratives has documented this behaviour and evidenced significant preferences for certain kinds of explanations in particular circumstances. This kind of research typically relies on cross-sectional data. There exist few statistically validated conclusions regarding the character and consequences of such verbal behaviour over time. This paper reports on a study investigating the change in narrative explanation practices over time. In this longitudinal research special attention is given to the relative strength of consistency and inertial forces on the attributional behaviour in annual reports. It is argued that there are a variety of forces that make that the explanatory patterns in annual reports are likely to be very similar year after year. Reporting practices can be to a great extent unadaptive, in the sense that they become programmed through the development of habit, precedents, traditions and formalized procedures. This is not to say that reporting practices do not change, but that changes even in the way corporate outcomes and actions are explained, are expected to be modest. The purpose of the research was to determine the extent to which the attributional content and framing in annual narrative reports changed over a period of 8 years, and whether these changes were related to certain organizational characteristics of the reporting companies conceptualized as potential sources of inertial forces. Overall the results confirm a significant degree of consistency in the attributional content of accounting narratives over time. Evidence of an inertial effect of company listing status and performance history was convincingly present as to the assertiveness aspects of attributional behaviour and as to the differential use of accounting language in the explanation of financial accounting outcomes.

Inertia in the attributional content of annual accounting narratives

Narrative disclosures in annual reports reflect explanatory activities in which specific attribution patterns can be identified. Research on corporate attributional behaviour within the context of financial accounting narratives has documented this behaviour and evidenced significant preferences for certain kinds of explanations in particular circumstances. This kind of research typically relies on cross-sectional data. There exist few statistically validated conclusions regarding the character and consequences of such verbal behaviour over time. This paper reports on a study investigating the change in narrative explanation practices over time. In this longitudinal research special attention is given to the relative strength of consistency and inertial forces on the attributional behaviour in annual reports. It is argued that there are a variety of forces that make that the explanatory patterns in annual reports are likely to be very similar year after year. Reporting practices can be to a great extent unadaptive, in the sense that they become programmed through the development of habit, precedents, traditions and formalized procedures. This is not to say that reporting practices do not change, but that changes even in the way corporate outcomes and actions are explained, are expected to be modest. The purpose of the research was to determine the extent to which the attributional content and framing in annual narrative reports changed over a period of eight years, and whether these changes were related to certain organizational characteristics of the reporting companies conceptualized as potential sources of inertial forces. Overall the results confirm a significant degree of consistency in the attributional content of accounting narratives over time. Evidence of an inertial effect of company listing status and performance history was convincingly present as to the assertiveness aspects of attributional behaviour and as to the differential use of accounting language in the explanation of financial accounting outcomes.

Review of The assertiveness workbook.

RANDY J. PATERSON The Workbook Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 2000, 212 pages (ISBN 1-57224-2094, us$14.95, Softcover) Reviewed by NEIL RECTOR The ability to express our needs, wants, and feelings directly and honestly and to see the needs of others as equally important is the sine qua non of satisfying and effective relationships. Yet, many people become trapped within communication patterns that prevent self-expression. No doubt, these difficulties with communication have a negative impact on the person's ability to enjoy relationships and accomplish life goals. Difficulties with assertiveness may even represent a core vulnerability for severe psychopathology and contribute to the maintenance of social and occupational impairment. In this way, a clinically validated approach to helping people become more assertive would be extremely valuable. The Workbook integrates principles and strategies developed in an assertiveness training program at the Vancouver Hospital and is aimed at providing step-by-step self-help instruction. The book comprises 16 chapters in two sections: the first section is titled Understanding Assertiveness and includes defining and juxtaposing assertiveness with less-adaptive styles of communication - the passive, aggressive, and passive-aggressive styles. Paterson outlines the behaviours that characterize each of these styles, such as the avoidance of disagreement (passive), dismissing or ignoring the needs of others (aggressive), or the deliberate forgetting or delaying of a promised task (passive-aggressive). While we often think of assertiveness in terms of behaviours, Paterson presents a broader interpersonal model of assertiveness that highlights the dynamic interplay of beliefs, emotions, and behaviours that shape the context for assertiveness. For instance, beliefs such as other people are more important than me are likely to lead to behavioural passivity and feelings of helplessness and are just as important to target for improvement as the assertive behaviours themselves. Patterson is effective in getting across to the reader the cyclical nature of assertiveness (or its absence) through clinical case vignettes. The first chapter ends with a self-assessment section where readers are asked to record where, when, and with whom they are most likely to engage in passive, aggressive, or passive-aggressive styles of communication, and the perceived benefits if they could become more assertive in these contexts. After describing the multidimensional aspects of assertiveness, the remaining chapters in this section outline the barriers that may emerge as the person contemplates becoming more assertive. In Chapter 2, Patterson provides a cursory description of the role of stress and its impact on assertiveness, and provides a number of cognitive and behavioural strategies to cope with stress. Chapter 3 gives attention to the importance of gender role socialization in shaping the expectancies of assertiveness and the difficulties that may arise if the person is to become more assertive. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on the importance of underlying beliefs that influence passive, aggressive, and passive-aggressive styles. For instance, the belief that assertive means being selfish may predict a passive role, while the belief nice guys finish last may lead to an aggressive style. …

The influence of assertion training on three aspects of assertiveness in alcoholics.

This study examined three outcomes of assertion training considered relevant for alcoholics: (a) assertive behavior in negative situations; (b) discomfort in negative situations that call for assertive behavior; and (c) expectations of assertive behavior in sober vs. intoxicated states. Subjects were 38 male alcoholics in an inpatient treatment program. Although some behavioral competencies were acquired after assertion training, such training did not differentially reduce discomfort in negative situations or the discrepancy between perceptions of assertiveness in sober vs. intoxicated states at posttest or at 6-week follow-up.

Assertive Behavior in Black and White American Undergraduates

Summary This study compared the assertive responses of black and white American undergraduates through the utilization of self-report measures and hypothetical intra- and interracial situations. Five self-report inventories measuring various aspects of assertiveness were administered to 60 males and females (30 blacks and 30 whites). Results indicated significant differences in the assertive responses of blacks and whites. Blacks scored higher on the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule and tended to be rated as more assertive by raters. Whites made more requests in interpersonal interactions and showed more positive assertion toward blacks than blacks toward whites. Blacks were also more likely to respond differently to members of the opposite race by frequent use of black English vernacular with blacks and more aggressive responses toward whites. The only sex difference was a more positive attitude toward assertion by females.

Sex differences in self‐reported assertiveness in Britain

The current interest in assertiveness and assertive training in America has not been paralleled by research in Britain or Europe, where assertiveness has been considered within the wider context of social skills. In this study five widely used self‐report assertiveness inventories, all derived in America, were administered to 200 British adult males and females, none of whom were undergraduate students. Of the six scores derived from the five scales, all showed significant male–female differences, with men reporting more assertiveness than females on five of the six, and females greater assertion on the sixth. These results confirm some previous findings of sex differences, but are inconsistent with other studies in the area. The results are discussed in terms of the different aspects of assertiveness measured by the scales, and the social and cultural differences in the measurement and manifestation of assertion.