Aspects Of Trust Research Articles

ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF KUALITATIF IMPLEMENTASI WORD OF MOUTH DALAM KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN PRODUK BROOKLAND COFFEE

This research aims to explore and describe exactly how the application of word of mouth marketing communication in Brookland Coffee's product marketing strategy. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach by conducting direct observations and in-depth interviews with key informants consisting of the owner, baristas, and consumers of Brookland Coffee. The results showed that Brookland Coffee consistently implements a word of mouth strategy by prioritizing aspects of trust and consumer confidence. This strategy is implemented through a family approach, networking, and community building, especially the bicycle community. The research conclusion revealed that the effectiveness of word of mouth succeeded in strengthening Brookland Coffee's marketing communications, supported by consistent product quality, good service (hospitality), and the use of Instagram social media as a supporting platform for marketing strategies. Brookland Coffee succeeded in building a strong brand identity through a combination of offline and online word of mouth communication.

Patient trust in the use of machine learning-based clinical decision support systems in psychiatric services: A randomized survey experiment.

Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) based on machine-learning (ML) models are emerging within psychiatry. If patients do not trust this technology, its implementation may disrupt the patient-clinician relationship. Therefore, the aim was to examine whether receiving basic information about ML-based CDSS increased trust in them. We conducted an online randomized survey experiment in the Psychiatric Services of the Central Denmark Region. The participating patients were randomized into one of three arms: Intervention=information on clinical decision-making supported by an ML model; Active control=information on a standard clinical decision process, and Blank control=no information. The participants were unaware of the experiment. Subsequently, participants were asked about different aspects of trust and distrust regarding ML-based CDSS. The effect of the intervention was assessed by comparing scores of trust and distrust between the allocation arms. Out of 5800 invitees, 992 completed the survey experiment. The intervention increased trust in ML-based CDSS when compared to the active control (mean increase in trust: 5% [95% CI: 1%; 9%], p=0.0096) and the blank control arm (mean increase in trust: 4% [1%; 8%], p=0.015). Similarly, the intervention reduced distrust in ML-based CDSS when compared to the active control (mean decrease in distrust: -3%[-1%; -5%], p=0.021) and the blank control arm (mean decrease in distrust: -4% [-1%; -8%], p=0.022).No statistically significant differences were observed between the active and the blank control arms. Receiving basic information on ML-based CDSS in hospital psychiatry may increase patient trust in such systems.

Getting Along With Autonomous Teammates: Understanding the Socio-Emotional and Teaming Aspects of Trust in Human-Autonomy Teams

Trust plays a critical role in both effective teamwork and the effective use of autonomous technologies, and therefore holds paramount importance in human-autonomy teaming (HAT). Using qualitative analysis of the interviews from an 8-hr-long experiment conducted in an aircraft simulation environment, this study identifies the socio-emotional and team-related qualities that humans desire in their autonomous teammate for them to trust it.

The Influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Perception on Investor Trust and Brand Relationship Quality: A Study Among Retail Investors in Hong Kong

Background/Introduction: Investor trust and brand relationship quality, along with initiatives for environmental, social, and governance (ESG), have become highly important. Despite their relevance, limited research has been conducted on how ESG initiatives influence investors’ perceptions in financial markets. Objectives/Aims: This work conducts a cross-sectional analysis to examine the relationship between perceived ESG initiatives and investor trust and brand relationship quality among retail investors in Hong Kong, one of one of the world’s leading financial markets. Methods: This study involved 479 retail investors. Three instruments were administered in the questionnaires: (1) the perceived environmental, social, and governance scale, (2) the investor trust scale, and (3) the brand relationship quality scale. Results: The analysis demonstrates that PESG and various aspects of investor trust and brand relationship quality had strong positive correlations. Notably, the environmental and social concerns of PESG were found to be strong predictors of investor trust and brand relationship quality, whereas governance awareness had the least effect. Conclusions: Improving a firm’s ESG image can boost investors’ confidence and the quality of brand relationships, thus aligning with sustainability and business strategies.

Trust and Religiosity: Integrating Technological Acceptance Factors into the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model for Zakat Online Payment Systems

The aim of this study is to examine the adoption of digital zakat payment platforms among micro-entrepreneurs, incorporating trust and religiosity into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. This research extends the traditional UTAUT framework by integrating trust and religiosity as additional determinants of technology adoption intention, alongside the model's core constructs of performance expectancy and social influence. Primary data for this study was gathered through a digital survey disseminated to 110 micro-entrepreneurs in the state of Kedah, all of whom are actively registered with the Malaysian Company Commission (SSM), under the auspices of the Ministry of Domestic Trade, Cooperatives, and Consumerism (KPDNKK). The methodological approach is rooted in structural equation modelling, which facilitates a rigorous empirical analysis of the relationships between technological constructs and user intention. The results reveal that trust and performance expectancy, along with social influence, significantly impact micro-entrepreneurs’ intentions to engage with online zakat payment systems. Interestingly, despite the religious nature of zakat, religiosity did not emerge as a significant predictor in the context of this digital payment adoption. This insight suggests that while religious obligation drives the act of zakat itself, it is the technological aspects of trust and anticipated performance that influence the preference for digital payment methods over traditional ones. This research provides valuable implications for zakat institutions and policymakers aiming to foster the digitalization of religious financial transactions. By highlighting key factors that influence digital adoption, the study underscores the potential for zakat management bodies to innovate and promote digital solutions that align with micro-entrepreneurs' expectations and trust requirements. Ultimately, this study charts a path forward for enhancing digital inclusivity in religious financial practices, marking a transition from conventional to modern, technology-enabled means of fulfilling zakat obligations.

Hybrid-Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting Machine System Embedded with Deepface, Sharding, and Post-Quantum Techniques

The integrity of democratic processes relies on secure and reliable election systems, yet achieving this reliability is challenging. This paper introduces the Post-Quantum Secured Multiparty Computed Hierarchical Authoritative Consensus Blockchain (PQMPCHAC-Bchain), a novel e-voting system designed to overcome the limitations of current Biometric Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) systems, which suffer from trust issues due to closed-source designs, cyber vulnerabilities, and regulatory concerns. Our primary objective is to develop a robust, scalable, and secure e-voting framework that enhances transparency and trust in electoral outcomes. Key contributions include integrating hierarchical authorization and access control with a novel consensus mechanism for proper electoral governance. We implement blockchain sharding techniques to improve scalability and propose a multiparty computed token generation system to prevent fraudulent voting and secure voter privacy. Post-quantum cryptography is incorporated to safeguard against potential quantum computing threats, future-proofing the system. Additionally, we enhance authentication through a deep learning-based face verification model for biometric validation. Our performance analysis indicates that the PQMPCHAC-Bchain e-voting system offers a promising solution for secure elections. By addressing critical aspects of security, scalability, and trust, our proposed system aims to advance the field of electronic voting. This research contributes to ongoing efforts to strengthen the integrity of democratic processes through technological innovation.

The impact of the exercise on the social mentality of the Chinese people.

Engaging in exercise not only encompasses its intrinsic attributes but also signifies its social dimensions. It reflects an underlying emotional tone and cumulative value attributed to exercise by individuals, forming a broad, macro-level socio-psychological relationship in alignment with the conceptual definition of societal mentality. The social mentality is an indicator of a nation's governance capacity and mirrors the overall socio-psychological profile and needs of its citizens. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the influence of exercise, specifically through the lens of sports, on the sociall mentality of the Chinese population, encompassing aspects of social trust and social equity. Additionally, we explore the distinct mechanisms underlying differences in social class, generation disparities, and spatial dimensions. This inquiry aims to contribute to enhancing governance capabilities and societal stability. Data for this study was sourced from the 2023 China General Social Survey. We selected 20 variables and analyzed a sample of 6,746 individuals. We employed Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple linear regression models to construct our analysis. The findings indicate that exercise has a positive influence on the social mentality of the Chinese population. A higher frequency of participation in sports correlates with a more advanced level of social mentality development. Notably, significant disparities exist between the macro-level and micro-level impacts of exercise, suggesting ample room for improvement. Social class, generational disparities, and spatial dimensions demonstrate substantial impact, each exhibiting unique characteristics depending on the specific research question. Furthermore, the weightings of social trust orientation and social equity orientation within the societal mentality dimensions exhibit variability and fluctuations. When exploring the topic of social mentality, it is recommended to separately discuss the various dimensions it encompasses, thus providing a comprehensive, detailed, and precise portrayal of specific issues. To bolster the influence of exercise on the social mentality, as well as to enhance governance capabilities and societal stability, the following recommendations are proposed: (1) In-depth exploration of differences within social strata to optimize the mechanisms through which exercise influences the social mentality; (2) Balancing generational disparities to establish a solid foundation for the influence of exercise on the social mentality; (3) Recognizing spatial dimensions to harness the spatial dynamism of exercise in shaping the social mentality.

User Sentiment Analysis Towards Islamic Banking Applications in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze user sentiment towards Islamic banking applications in Indonesia, focusing on Islamic banking applications that have the lowest ratings on Google Playstore. The analysis was conducted to understand perceptions, satisfaction, and factors that influence user experience towards both applications in the context of Islamic economics. The research method used is a quantitative approach with sentiment analysis techniques on user reviews taken from Google Playstore. Data was collected by scraping user reviews and analyzed using the Natural Language Processing (NLP) method to identify positive and negative sentiments. In addition, descriptive analysis was used to explore the main themes that emerged in the user reviews. The results showed that the trust factor was the main contributor to positive sentiment, reaching 45.16% of the total positive sentiment. The feature factor was also significant, contributing 27.90%, while the Sharia aspect factor contributed 6.29%. The technical and service factors contributed 11.61% and 5.97%, respectively. These findings indicate that trust in the application, including security and integrity, as well as relevant features, is an essential element in shaping positive user sentiment. This study provides valuable insights for Islamic banking application developers and related parties to understand user needs and expectations. In addition, these findings highlight the importance of improving aspects of trust and application features to increase user satisfaction and loyalty. These findings contribute to the literature on Islamic economics and Islamic banking app development in the digital era and provide practical guidance to improve application performance in the Indonesian digital banking market.

Impact of Adverse Experiences on Maternal Trust in Pediatric Primary Care

ABSTRACT Caregiver trust in medical providers and the healthcare system is essential to pediatric primary care. Relatively little research has been conducted on contributors to caregivers’ trust, or lack thereof, in aspects of pediatric primary care, especially for those who have experienced adversity. To examine the relationship between caregiver trust and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in pediatric primary care, we measured four aspects of trust in 76 caregivers (74 mothers, 2 aunts) of children at an urban primary care clinic. We ran correlation and regression analyses to examine the relationship between the Philadelphia ACEs and caregiver trust. Results indicated that specific ACEs (e.g. experiencing abuse) were associated with caregiver mistrust in the healthcare system and lower trust in the child’s pediatrician. Some ACEs (e.g. community discrimination) were associated with only general trust. Thus, the relationship between trust and trauma varied based on the levels of trust and types of ACEs.

Pandemic-Driven Leadership Perceptions: Attribution Theory in the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted critical aspects of leadership and public trust amidst a health crisis of unprecedented scale in the United States, especially within a context of significant political polarization. This research paper explores the nuances of leadership effectiveness during the pandemic, focusing on the role of attribution theory in understanding public perceptions of leadership actions. The theory elucidates how the public interprets leaders’ responses to the pandemic, influenced by factors such as political affiliations, societal norms, and racial considerations. The paper investigates the interplay between incumbent advantage theory and the rally ’round the flag effect, alongside the impact of President Trump’s handling of the pandemic on public opinion. It delves into the complexities introduced by the pandemic’s racial dimensions and its effects on minority communities, examining the broader implications for leadership responsiveness and public trust. Using a comprehensive analysis of demographic and psychographic variables, the study reveals a significant negative outlook on Trump’s crisis management across various groups. The findings underscore a complex interplay of media influence, racial identity, health status, financial conditions, and political affiliations in shaping perceptions of leadership accountability. Through the lens of attribution theory, the paper offers a nuanced understanding of the psychological and political dynamics that affect public attitudes toward leadership and accountability during crises.

KEPERCAYAAN (TRUST) PADA ANGGOTA KOMUNITAS PEREMPUAN NELAYAN DI DESA LAMBANGI KECAMATAN KOLONO TIMUR KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

One element of social capital that plays an important role in community resilience is trust. When community members trust each other, they are better able to weather crises and adapt to unexpected changes. Therefore, trust within a community must be maintained in order to overcome various challenges that may arise, including economic vulnerability. This study aims to assess the level of trust in members of the fisherwomen community in Lambangi Village, East Kolono Sub-district, South Konawe Regency. The study population consisted of all female fish processors of anchovies, with a total of 32 individuals. The sample determination employed the saturated sampling technique or census, whereby the entire population was taken as a sample, namely 32 people. Data were collected through interviews, surveys, and documentation, with the assistance of questionnaires. This study employed a quantitative approach in its completion. Data were processed using descriptive quantitative analysis through the use of the class interval formula. The findings indicated that the level of trust among the fisherwomen community members in Lambangi Village was high. This suggests that the fisherwomen have effectively implemented every aspect of trust, namely aspects of openness, sharing, acceptance, support, and cooperation within the community of fisherwomen in Lambangi Village.

Factors Influencing Online Shopping Decisions in the Fashion Industry

The purpose of this study is to pinpoint the variables that affect consumers' decisions to purchase online for fashion. This study is crucial because it can assist e-commerce businesses better understand consumer behavior and enhance their marketing tactics, which will have a substantial positive impact on the fields of management and information technology. This research employs a mixed-method methodology that combines qualitative interviews with quantitative survey data. Using an online questionnaire, 500 active Indonesian e-commerce users provided quantitative data, and 20 respondents participated in in-depth interviews that yielded qualitative data. While qualitative data were examined thematically, quantitative data were evaluated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart-PLS software. The key conclusions show that customer service responsiveness, product clarity, user reviews, flexible return policies, and platform trust are significant determinants of online purchasing behavior. Competitive pricing and promotional tactics also have a big impact. These results have consequences for e-commerce organizations, who should concentrate on enhancing aspects of trust, the quality of product information, and efficient promotional techniques to draw in and keep customers. The present study suggests that additional investigation is warranted to examine other variables, including the impact of social media and fashion trends on the behavior of online shoppers.

Value creation of green banking technology sustainability: The role of initial trust

This study aims to identify the factors influencing GBT acceptance. Questionnaires were distributed online to users of green banking technology in Indonesia, with 456 respondents. Reducing emissions and utilizing environmentally friendly technologies have been and are still necessary to address the issue of climate change. Green banking technology (GBT) is a banking technology that supports green business. GBT can carry out online banking activities to reduce excessive paper use. The data was analyzed using Partial least squares (PLS). The results show that perceived usefulness (PU) is the strongest predictor for continuously supporting GBT. However, perceived ease of use (PEOU) cannot positively influence technology adoption. The rapid growth of digitalization allows users to become familiar with the technology, so convenience is not the determining factor. Meanwhile, on the aspect of trust and value, it has been proven to be a strong link. This research offers academics and practitioners a perspective on green business practices using GBT. Green banking practices, particularly those focusing on reducing environmental footprints, like transitioning to online banking, should be further explored and promoted. This study also recommends optimizing the functionality of green banking technology to suit user needs. In addition, the level of trust is also a serious concern because it can determine whether someone will continue or leave GBT.

Development of a measurement instrument for pedestrians’ initial trust in automated vehicles

Considering that a significant portion of the current pedestrian population has limited exposure to automated vehicles (AVs), it is crucial to have a reliable instrument for assessing pedestrians’ initial trust in AVs. Using a survey of 436 pedestrians, this study developed and validated a PITQA (Pedestrians’ Initial Trust Questionnaire for AVs) scale using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The proposed scale will be valuable in monitoring the progression of trust over time and considering trust-related factors during the design process. The results revealed that seven key constructs significantly contribute to predicting initial trust between pedestrians and AVs. These constructs include propensity to trust, perceived statistical reliability, dependability and competence, perceived predictability, familiarity, authority/subversion, care/harm, and sanctity/degradation. These shed light on how the trust propensity of individuals, different trust/trustworthiness attributes might constitute different aspects of initial trust in the pedestrian-AV context. The developed scale can be a potentially useful tool for future research endeavors concerning trust calibration and the design of AVs specifically tailored for vulnerable road users.

Exploitation Process for Machine Learning Systems

In recent years, many companies have been involved in the development of machine learning systems. However, developing machine learning systems presents unique challenges compared with the traditional IT system development. In software engineering, research has been conducted on software development methodologies for machine learning systems, but most of these studies focused on the development process of individual machine learning systems, and limited research has investigated the exploitation process of continuously enhancing machine learning systems after their development and deployment. Thus, this paper focuses on the exploitation process, in which the collaboration between the machine learning systems and humans evolves gradually. Specifically, four stages of the exploitation process are proposed: visualization for machine learning, human-centered machine learning assistance, machine learning-centered human assistance, and autonomy without human involvement. Then, the characteristics and challenges of each stage are clarified. In addition, this paper examines the important aspect of trust in this context. The findings of this study are expected to provide guidelines for advancing machine learning systems incrementally in collaboration with humans from the perspective of the exploitation process rather than focusing on the development process.

RELIGIOUS IMPLICATORS OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S SENSE OF SECURITY

ABSTRACT: Aim: The aim of the study was to capture the relationship between the subjective sense of security and the religiosity of youth. The goal was to identify those areas of the sense of security that correlate with elements constituting the sense of security and to capture differences between the genders of the participants. Methods: The study used Z. Uchnast's Security Feeling Questionnaire and R. Jaworski's Personal Religiosity Scale. A total of 112 individuals aged 19 to 28 participated in the study. Statistical analyses were conducted using Statistica software, employing non-parametric tests due to the non-normality of distributions. Results: The highest average ratings by participants concerned the sense of closeness (M=2,56), while stability (M=1,99) and trust (M=2,03) were rated lower. Gender analysis showed significant differences, with women rating their overall sense of security higher than men. Overall religiosity showed low but statistically significant correlations with self-trust and other dimensions of security, indicating positive associations with higher levels of religious engagement. Conclusion: Religiosity may serve a supportive role in building a sense of security, particularly through aspects of trust and closeness in interpersonal relationships. Further research is needed to better understand these mechanisms and to explore how other demographic variables may influence these relationships. Oryginality: Dynamic changes in postmodernism, introducing chaos into the lives of young people, imply a sense of threat. Therefore, it is important to periodically conduct studies monitoring the state of personal religiosity, which is strongly stigmatized today yet simultaneously constitutes a positive predictor of the sense of security. The originality of the article is indicated by the results of scientific research and the conclusions drawn from them. Keywords: security, sense of security, closeness, stability, trust, religiosity, personal religiosity, impersonal religiosity, faith, morality.

The Influence of Perceived Relative Advantage on Customers’ Initial Trust Towards Unfamiliar Online Store Retailer

Objective - Creating an independent online store presents businesses with an opportunity to cultivate their brand and devoted customer base. To achieve long-term success, it is crucial to build a new customer base and establish initial trust. Prior research has explored various aspects of initial trust and identified factors crucial for businesses in devising strategies to attract customers. However, while some studies have investigated the impact of perceived relative advantage on initial trust, the findings remain inconclusive, leaving unexplored facets. This study aimed to scrutinize how perceived relative advantage influences customers' initial beliefs and intentions to trust an unfamiliar online store retailer. Methodology/Technique - Data gathered from a survey underwent statistical analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings – The results revealed that perceived relative advantage significantly and positively impacted both initial trusting beliefs and intention. This research contributes to comprehending the relationship between initial trust and perceived relative advantage, especially in an underexamined context in Malaysia. Novelty - The study developed and validated a research model that extends the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) by incorporating perceived relative advantage as a key antecedent to initial trust. In practical terms, it provides valuable guidance for new online store retailers in formulating strategies to establish trust with their initial consumers, and brand-new online store retailers in conceiving strategies for establishing initial consumer trust. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: M15, M10 Keywords: Trust; Initial Trust; Perceived Relative Advantage; Trusting Beliefs; Trusting Intention, E-Commerce Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Wong, C. B.; Tan, S.; Tan, K. E. (2024). The Influence of Perceived Relative Advantage on Customer’s Initial Trust towards Unfamiliar Online Store Retailer, J. Mgt. Mkt. Review, 9(2), 66 – 75. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2024.9.2(2)

Trust and Mistrust in the MMR Vaccine: Finding Divergences and Common Ground in Online Communication

Abstract The effectiveness of vaccination programmes depends on high levels of public trust in political, scientific and health-related institutions, but public trust in vaccines can waver. This article explores aspects of public trust and mistrust on a web media platform about the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine through the statements of a doctor and an anonymised ‘anti-vaxxer’. Thematic analysis identifies commonalities and divergences in both perspectives. Both trust and mistrust of MMR vaccination are presented as moral, reasoned stances by their proponents; they are connected to the individual’s experiences and situations, but are associated with very different trust attitudes to scientific and political institutions. Moreover, both the trustworthiness of the speakers themselves and the (un)trustworthiness of authorities are emphasised. Trust and mistrust are also thematised in relation to contextual matters such as the role of social media and the historical MMR controversy. Further research towards identifying common ground between trust positions is recommended.

A study of trust and satisfaction with local authorities in Ukraine. The impact of populism

The article analyzes a number of aspects and factors that, in the authors’ opinion, influence the penetration of populism into local government. It is the aspect of trust that can influence the penetration and even greater influence of populism in local self-government. The authors highlight such important topics as the factors that would contribute to the success of populism and the specifics of its manifestations at the local level. Special attention is paid to the analysis of trust and satisfaction of Ukrainian citizens with the work of local authorities, based and analyzed on empirical data obtained in cooperation with the sociological center "Factum Group". The article considers populism in local politics as a phenomenon that requires serious attention and analysis. It can have negative consequences for local self-government and lead to political instability and insufficient effectiveness of decisions. One of the main problems with populism is its focus on short-term, populist promises and rhetoric instead of the need for long-term planning and real development. This can lead to unjustified spending of resources and creating dependence on external financial sources, which can negatively affect the sustainability of the local economy. In addition, populism can undermine the principles of democracy and the rule of law. In the context of academic analysis, studying the impact of populism at the local government level is critical. This analysis is based on the works of R. Putnam and P. Sztompka. In the context of P. Sztompka's theory, the issue of trust in government and its importance for social institutions is considered. R. Putnam emphasizes that democracies and economies in society work better when there is citizen involvement. It was the involvement and influence of citizens on local government that became possible as a result of the decentralization process. Thus, these studies provide an understanding of what trends can affect social processes and public life. The study of these aspects makes it possible to identify effective mechanisms for counteracting the potential threats of populism, which is important for assessing the general prospects for the development of the state and its social stability. To overcome this problem, active participation of citizens, strengthening of civil society institutions, development of critical thinking and principles of openness and transparency are needed. In the future, we need further research on the aspects of influence and raising questions about other factors and systems of influence on the appearance of populists in local authorities, in order to know what local authorities should pay attention to in order to strengthen trust and resist the spread of populism. Which, as the authors note, are mutually dependent processes.

Establishing Faith – The Close Relationships, the Early Influences and the Aspect of Integrity and Trust

Abstract This study examines the establishment of Christian faith amongst Norwegians aged 30–40, with focus on the impact and nature of early religious influences. Employing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, the research synthesizes quantitative data from 585 participants, complemented by qualitative follow-ups with 10 respondents from the initial cohort. The tripartite investigation probes into the dynamics of Christian faith formation in this demographic. It particularly scrutinizes the synergy between personal relationships and engagement in Christian practices. The findings suggest a composite of activities that collectively underscore their significance. While youth ministry and parental influence during adolescence play notable roles, the qualities embodied in personal relationships – characterized by warmth, trustworthiness, and integrity – may be more crucial than the structural aspects of the relationships themselves. These insights contest conventional views of predominant influences on faith formation and religious acculturation, underscoring the salience of authentic interpersonal connections in navigating one’s spiritual trajectory.