Aspect Of Capsule Research Articles

Histological Study on the Fibrous Architecture of the Adrenal Gland During Postnatal Development in Buffalo

The study was conducted on the adrenal glands of 29 buffaloes ranging from day old to one year of age. The adrenal gland was fully differentiated into cortex and medulla in the day old buffalo calf and was completely surrounded by a dense fibrous capsule at this stage. The capsule consisted of outer layer of loose connective tissue and inner layer of thick collagen fibres. The connective tissue trabeculae made up of collagen and reticular fibres arose from the inner aspect of capsule and infiltrated the cortical parenchyma of the gland. The reticular fibres dominated in the inner aspect of the capsule and the proportion of reticular fibres was more in the zona glomerulosa and outer zone of medulla, however, elastic fibres were not observed in any part of the gland up to one year of age. The average thickness of the capsule increased with progression of age which was due to increase in the density of collagen fibres especially in the inner zone of capsule.

Predictive factors for complete response of chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma.

To identify clinical and imaging features associated with complete response (CR) to first session of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with drug-eluting beads (DEB) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In this prospective historical cohort, 172 patients with 315 tumours who received at least one DEB-TACE from 2007 to 2013 were studied. Imaging response was evaluated according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (mRECIST). Age, gender, aetiology of cirrhosis, Child and BCLC scores, particles size, location in the liver, size of the tumour, presence of a capsule, hypervascularisation on DSA and CT/MRI scans, and blush extinction were analysed. After one session of treatment, CR was observed in 36% of the 315 tumours treated. Nodule size, location in the liver, and complete blush extinction on DSA was statistically correlated to complete response, whereas capsule aspect on imaging and demographic criteria were not. In multivariate analysis only, location in the liver and nodule size were significant features. Tumour location in the segments 1 and 4 is a pejorative factor for CR, whereas tumour size <5cm is a positive predictive factor. These criteria could, therefore, be taken into consideration to improve the selection of patients for DEB-TACE. • Literature on predictive factors of complete response after DEB-TACE is under-studied. • Tumour size <5cm is associated with complete response. • Location in segments 1 or 4 is a pejorative factor for response. • No demographic parameter influences complete response.

Flow dynamics of a tethered elastic capsule

A two-dimensional model of a tethered capsule is used to elucidate the effects of capsule aspect ratio and capsule internal viscosity on capsule dynamics. Over the parameter space examined, the capsule initially elongates out into the flow and then slowly pivots toward the wall as the capsule relaxes to a steady-state shape. The region of the capsule membrane that would come into contact with the wall corresponds with a region of elevated traction-force magnitude. The effect of viscosity is found to be negligible at low shear rates, but at high shear rates, an increase in internal viscosity leads to an increase in the maximum capsule deformation and maximum force on the tether. At low shear rates, capsules with higher aspect ratios experience less force and deformation. Conversely, at high shear rates, capsules with higher aspect ratios experience greater force and deformation.

犬の卵巣嚢上に現われる分裂線の年令的変化に就て

Age change was studied on the splitting lines occurring in the bursa ovarica which was obtained from a 14-Year-old female dog of red and short haired breed. The pattern in which the splitting line system occurred in the ovarian capsula demonstrated its growth direction, while the irregular splitting lines there showed distrection of the former line system. It was interpreted that these irregular splitting lines were mainly the result of defense reaction on the part of the capsule's surface layer against inner pressure produced by the growing inner substance (folliculi ovarii), and might be called as direct manifestation of the tissue function. The changes, therefore, of the splitting lines as observed in the ovarian capsule could be concidered as a part of aging process of the tissue, or as an aspect of capsule's adaptive development keeping up with growth of the internal substance. These changes allowed to be divided into 4 stages (illustrated in Fig. 3) : The 1st stage (from birth to 4 months) is characterized by longitudinal growth between extremitas tubalis and uterina. The 2nd stage (from 11 months to 12 months) is the time for transversal growth or growth in sidewise thickness. The 3rd stage (4 to 5 years after birth) is the time for maturity. The 4th stage (from 6 years upward) is the time to proceed toward atrophy.