Aspects Of Amount Research Articles

The Impact of Spleen Disorders in the Pathogenesis of Anemia from the Viewpoint of Persian Medicine

Spleen is one of the main components of reticuloendothelial system and plays an important role in controlling of red blood cell quality with elimination of old and damaged cells. Physicians of Traditional Persian Medicine believed that spleen has a high incorporation with the liver, and liver has a main role in blood production. So its pathologic changes influence the production of hematologic elements in both aspects of amount and quality. In this study, chapters related to spleen disease in several Traditional Persian Medicine textbooks and available databases were reviewed. Further the relationship between anemia and spleen diseases were derived and evaluated. After interviewing two experts about the findings and reaching data saturation, the results were compiled and explained. Spleen dysfunction and diseases can lead to anemia, because of intercommunity with liver. This happens with different mechanisms such as: enlargement, cold distemperment, asthenia and crisis. Although there are many studies so far about anemia, but role of the spleen in the development of anemia is still not well known. Considering the role of the spleen in developing anemia, the drugs used in Persian medicine for spleen-originated anemia may provide an appropriate solution to treat the disease.

Treatment of tibial shaft fractures with minimal invasive plate technique

Objective To evaluate the treatment effects of minimal invasive plate technique on tibial shaft fractures. Methods A retrospective case-control study was made on 120 patients with tibial shaft fractures treated from September 2012 to February 2015. There were 70 males and 50 females, with age range of 21 to 61 years [(42.18±10.76)years]. There were 65 cases injured in traffic accidents, 28 in fall from height, and 27 in sports crashes. The time from injury to operation was 1 to 5 days [(2.49±1.30)days]. All fractures were type C2 by AO classification. The patients were assigned to minimally invasive plate fixation (minimal invasion group) and traditional reduction and internal fixation (tradition group), according to the treatment difference. The amount of intraoperative bleeding, operation time, hospitalized time, fracture union time, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Johner-Wruhs function score were recorded. Results Minimal invasion group showed significant differences from tradition group in aspects of amount of intraoperative bleeding [(63.26±6.84) ml vs. (187.46±25.47) ml], operation time [(58.37±6.21)min vs. (90.30±8.47)min], hospitalized time [(7.24±1.29)days vs. (8.63±1.42)days] and fracture union time [(10.26±1.82)weeks vs. (13.24±2.07)weeks](P<0.05). There were significant differences between minimal invasion group and tradition group in VAS at postoperative 1, 3, and 5 days [(4.03±0.65)points vs. (4.98±0.72)points; (2.92±0.51)points vs. (3.93±0.60)points; (1.84±0.32)points vs. (3.01±0.48)points] (P<0.05). The excellence rate by Johner-Wruhs function scale was 93.3%(36 cases as excellent, 20 good, three fair, and one poor)in minimal invasion group and 81.7%(16 cases as excellent, 33 good, eight fair, and three poor)in tradition group (P<0.01). Conclusion Minimally invasive plate technique can effectively decrease trauma and perioperative pain, and is beneficial for bone union in tibial shaft fractures. Key words: Tibial fractures; Fracture fixation, internal; Surgical procedures, minimally invasive

Energy Utilization of Selected Woody Species in Terms of their Impact on the Environment

Among all biomass resources the work concentrates on one of the most important fuel source - dendromass. This paper focuses on comparison of some energy woody species for process of combustion from the aspect of amount of produced emissions, lower calorific value, humidity and presence of solid pollutants. The measured results compare which woody species are more suitable in terms of influence on the environment and surroundings.

Integrated accounting of urban carbon cycle in Guangyuan, a mountainous city of China: the impacts of earthquake and reconstruction

Approximately half of the global population resides in cities and accounts for over 80% of global carbon emissions. To improve efficiency in carbon emission reduction, and enhance adaptability of cities to climate change, it is essential to undertake accounting of urban carbon cycle. This plays a prominent role in global carbon cycle. An integrated accounting framework for urban carbon cycle was established herein to support uniform accounting and place-specific comparisons, covering natural and artificial carbon cycles, vertical and horizontal carbon flows, carbon storage and fluxes, and carbon inputs and outputs. Guangyuan, a mountainous city in China that was seriously stricken by Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, was chosen as the case to demonstrate the framework and investigate the effects of post-earthquake reconstruction on carbon cycle. The results show: 1) the proposed framework could effectively assess dynamics of carbon cycle under external disturbances, 2) there were abundant vegetation and correspondingly a large natural carbon tank and vertical carbon input, and low industrialization degree and correspondingly small horizontal and vertical carbon outputs in Guangyuan, 3) the post-earthquake reconstruction led to a series of impacts on carbon cycle, from both aspects of amount and structure, and 4) such impacts of post-earthquake construction on artificial carbon cycle were distinct with a tendency toward low-carbon development in Guangyuan. The results were helpful for investigating the effects of natural disturbance and human interference on urban carbon cycle, which in turn could improve the adaptation to climate change.

A numerical study on the 2D behavior of the single and layered clayey basins

In this numerical study the effects of the stratification and change in material type on the dynamic behavior of the clayey basins are investigated. For this purpose two kinds of single and double layer basin models with the total depth of 100 m and width of 2 km have been selected. The single layer basins consist of soft, medium and stiff clayey materials, while double layer basins consist of a stiff sandy sub-layer overlaid by one of the soft, medium and stiff clayey soil layer. A range of bedrock inclinations at the valley sides from slighter $$10^{\circ }$$ and $$20^{\circ }$$ to steeper $$30^{\circ }$$ and $$40^{\circ }$$ are selected. A numerical study using finite difference based nonlinear code which utilizes appropriate static and dynamic boundary conditions, and includes hysteresis damping formulation based on user defined degradation curves is conducted using real earthquake motions of different strength and frequency content. The results of the 2D analyses show the differences in dynamic behavior of single and double layer basins from the aspect of amount and position of the maximum amplification and resonance period. It was seen that the shallower lateral parts of the basins are sensitive to lower periods while inner parts are sensitive to higher periods. Among other differences, the most important difference between the behavior of single and double layer basins was seen at the resonance period of the inner parts of the basins.

Vocational interventions and supports following job placement for persons with traumatic brain injury

Previous research on vocational rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has suggested that coaching and other services provided following job placement are particularly important for successful work re-entry in this population. Methods of defining and measuring these services are needed to estimate more precisely their effects on vocational outcomes. In this study we developed a measure of the type, amount, and location of post-placement interventions that could be completed by treaters in real time. Treatment was measured prospectively for 6 months after job placement for 65 people with moderate to severe TBI treated at 5 TBI Model System centers. Centers were found to differ substantially in the amount and location of treatment provided following job placement; centers providing more intensive treatment and treatment at the workplace also served more severely impaired clients at a longer interval after injury. Within centers, participants' cognitive speed and emotional distress predicted certain aspects of amount and type of treatment provided. Three-fourths of the sample were still working at the placement job after 6 months. Due to the confounding between case mix and treatment variables, unique effects of treatments on outcomes could not be determined.

Storage of NO 2 on potassium oxide co-loaded with barium oxide for NO x storage and reduction (NSR) catalysts

Barium oxide-based NO x storage and reduction (NSR) catalysts with different amounts of potassium oxide were prepared to investigate the role of potassium oxide in the aspects of amount and strength of NO 2 storage. The dispersion of barium and potassium oxides on alumina, the amount and state of NO 2 stored on them, and the desorption profiles of NO 2 from them were examined by XRD, N 2 adsorption, electrical conductivity measurement, XPS, FT-IR and TPD techniques. Barium and potassium oxides were mainly loaded in the mesopores of the alumina and the NO 2 was stored by being converted to nitrates. The alumina itself had a small capacity for NO 2 storage, but the impregnation with potassium oxide increased the capacity. The co-loading of potassium oxide and barium oxide enhances the strength of the interaction between the storage material and NO 2, shifting the desorption peak of NO 2 to a elevated temperature.