Asian Respondents Research Articles

Evaluating omni channel retailing in the emergence of industry 5.0: A perspective of South Asian generation Z

This study investigates the influence of Omnichannel-Retailing (OCR) on customer-retention (CR) for Generation Z (Gen Z) in the nascent Industry 5.0 era. Employing a survey with South Asian respondents, the research explores their experiences with retailer-provided omnichannel services. A novel model examines the relationships between OCR, customer-satisfaction (CS), CR, and customer-engagement (CE). Additionally, the model investigates the moderating role of Man-Machine-Collaboration (MMC) on the OCR-CR association. Process macro analysis is employed to assess mediation and moderation effects. The findings reveal positive associations between OCR and both CR and CE. Interestingly, CS does not mediate the OCR-CR relationship, suggesting a more nuanced effect of OCR on retention. However, CE emerges as a significant mediator. Furthermore, the moderating role of MMC is confirmed. This research holds novelty by examining the early stages of Industry 5.0 and its potential disruption of marketing practices, particularly for CR strategies targeting Gen Z in South Asia.

Youth and young adult flavour expectancies for new ‘non-menthol’ cigarettes introduced following California’s ban on flavoured tobacco products

BackgroundFollowing California’s statewide law prohibiting the sale of flavoured tobacco products, some cigarette brands introduced new variants advertised as non-menthol, yet featuring design and text commonly found in menthol cigarette...

Political violence, racial violence, and new gun ownership: results from the 2023 National Survey of Gun Policy

BackgroundU.S. firearm sales surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, with many purchases by first-time firearm owners. The 2023 National Survey of Gun Policy sought to understand the public health implications of this surge by comparing the purchasing motivations and firearm policy views of pandemic-era first-time purchasers to prior gun owners.MethodsWe fielded a nationally representative public opinion survey of U.S. adults (n = 3096) from 1/4/23 to 2/6/23. We oversampled for gun owners and Black, Hispanic, and Asian Americans. Survey weights were applied to generate representative estimates. New gun owners were identified through affirmative responses to: “Have you bought any guns since January 1, 2020?” and “Did you buy your first gun after January 1, 2020?” Recent purchasers were additionally asked whether concerns of 1) political or 2) racial violence motivated their purchase. Purchase motivations and gun policy support were examined among new and prior gun owners (n = 1002) and compared using logistic regression and predictive probabilities.ResultsOverall, 11% of respondents reported purchasing a gun since 1/1/20, 35% for the first time. Among recent purchasers, larger proportions of Democrat, Black, Asian, and Hispanic respondents were new gun owners than Republican or white respondents. Compared to prior owners, odds were 4.5-times higher that new gun owners’ recent purchase was motivated by racial violence and 3.2-times higher for political violence.Majority support was found for protective gun policies, with few differences by purchase recency or motivations. The only policy for which support by new and prior gun owners differed significantly was the permit-to-purchase policy (76% v. 63%, respectively). Similarly, few significant differences in support were observed when stratifying by purchase motivation. Notably, both those who reported recent purchase motivations of racial violence and of political violence expressed significantly higher support for a “stand-your-ground” policy compared to those who did not report such motivations.ConclusionsRacial and political violence appear to be larger concerns among new gun owners, motivating purchasing among demographic groups with traditionally lower gun ownership rates. These findings suggest a need for safety assurances amid racial and political tensions and growing gun ownership. Gun owners’ support for such policies remains strong.

Local nature-based recreation as a pathway to environmental citizenship

Local parks and protected areas (PPAs) offer important settings for nature exposure proximate to home that may encourage local environmental citizenship (LEC); however, there has been limited investigation of this relationship and how it may be impacted by individual characteristics. This national panel study of U.S. adults examined relationships between frequency of visitation to local nature-based recreation settings and LEC, with assessment of differences by race/ethnicity and associations with age and political orientation (N = 556). Results indicate that more frequent visitation to local nature-based recreation settings is associated with significantly greater environmental advocacy and activism, volunteering, literacy, and political ecological citizenship. Age was negatively related to environmental advocacy and activism, volunteering, and literacy, and liberalism was associated with greater participation in all types of LEC, especially political ecological citizenship. Most LEC types did not vary by race/ethnicity, although there were small differences in environmental advocacy and activism, which was higher among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino populations compared to Asian respondents. Findings indicate that frequency of visitation to local nature-based recreation settings is associated with LEC regardless of one's age, political orientation, or race/ethnicity, and thus increasing equitable access to local nature-based recreation, especially among those who have been historically underserved, has the potential to encourage PPA stewardship through LEC, while also contributing to the advancement of procedural environmental justice. Management implications•Environmental stewardship and volunteer organizations should focus on supporting land managers in advancing equity in local parks and protected areas (PPAs) as well as engaging users in these spaces through programs which leverage people's connection with nature at the local scale and provide opportunities for accessible involvement in environmental citizenship activities.•Interpretation and education can be used to increase individual's environmental knowledge, while contextualizing such information to places they care about.•Enhanced promotion of local opportunities for stewardship among local PPA visitors may be warranted, especially events or programs with few barriers to entry that might encourage greater future participation.

Perceived discrimination, transit use, and walking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from the Understanding America Study

A rise in reporting and media coverage of negative social interactions and experiences of racism in transit and other public environments suggests that perceived discrimination may have affected the travel behavior and health of people of color during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, to examine relationships between race, perceived discrimination, transit use, and walking behavior, we draw on data collected in 20 waves of the Understanding America Study (UAS) COVID-19 tracking survey, fielded July 2020–July 2021. Importantly, we find that transit use among minorities continued during the pandemic at higher rates, especially among Black and Hispanic respondents, despite non-White respondents reporting more frequent perceptions of discrimination. Our linear mixed-effect model results further indicate that non-White respondents were notably more likely to use transit. Examining walking behavior, we find that White and Asian respondents consistently reported more walking than Black and Hispanic respondents, even when controlling for income. Crucially, we found that in the presence of controls, while large disparities were observed in both walking and transit behavior based on race, perceived discrimination had little to no effect. While disparities in travel behavior based on race are evidently better explained by structural factors as opposed to overt, individual-level discrimination, planners, policymakers, and designers should nevertheless give greater consideration to micro- and macro-scale interventions that facilitate safe transit use and walking for racial and ethnic minorities.

COVID-19 vaccine mistrust, health literacy, conspiracy theories, and racial discrimination among a representative ethnically diverse sample in Canada: The vulnerability of Arab, Asian, Black, and Indigenous peoples.

Despite increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2infections and higher rates of COVID-19-related complications, racialized and Indigenous communities in Canada have lower immunization uptake compared to White individuals. However, there is woeful lack of data on predictors of COVID-19 vaccine mistrust (VM) that accounts for diverse social and cultural contexts within specific racialized and Indigenous communities. Therefore, we sought to characterize COVID-19 VM among Arab, Asian, Black, and Indigenous communities in Canada. An online survey was administered to a nationally representative, ethnically diverse panel of participants in October 2023. Arabic, Asian, Indigenous, and Black respondents were enriched in the sampling panel. Data were collected on demographics, COVID-19 VM, experience of racial discrimination, health literacy, and conspiracy beliefs. We used descriptive and regression analyses to determine the extent and predictors of COVID-19 VM among racialized and Indigenous individuals. All racialized respondents had higher VM score compared to White participants. Among 4220 respondents, we observed highest VM among Black individuals (12.18; ±4.24), followed by Arabic (12.12; ±4.60), Indigenous (11.84; ±5.18), Asian (10.61; ±4.28), and White (9.58; ±5.00) participants. In the hierarchical linear regression analyses, Black participants, women, everyday racial discrimination, and major experience of discrimination were positively associated with COVID-19 VM. Effects of racial discrimination were mediated by addition of conspiracy beliefs to the model. Racialized and Indigenous communities experience varying levels of COVID-19 VM and carry specific predictors and mediators to development of VM. This underscores the intricate interaction between race, gender, discrimination, and VM that need to be considered in future vaccination campaigns.

Survey of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention Practitioners on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Experiences

Background: Incorporating diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice into healthcare ensures equitable opportunity to achieve optimal health. Infectious diseases, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection prevention teams rely on consultative recommendations to improve patient care which may be influenced by implicit and explicit biases of the recipient treatment teams. Little is known about how race, ethnicity, and other characteristics impact stewardship and infection control recommendations. Methods: A survey of infectious diseases, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection prevention practitioners was developed through the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Antimicrobial Stewardship Committee. The survey was sent electronically to members of the SHEA Research Network and was promoted to attendees of two sessions at IDWeek 2022 and SHEA Spring 2023. Survey questions included demographics, awareness of (and participation in) unconscious bias and microaggression training at their institutions, antibiotic prescribing bias observations, and perceptions of how race, ethnicity, and other characteristics have influenced participants' antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention recommendations. Descriptive statistics were performed using SAS V.9.4 . Results: Among 175 survey respondents, 75% (n=129) were White, 16% (n=27) were Asian, 4% (n=7) were Black, 85% (n=150) were non-Hispanic, 5% (n=8) were Hispanic, and 3% (n=5) reported ethnicity as multiethnic. 76% of respondents identified as female, and 2% as non-binary or gender-fluid. 29% of respondents had a medical degree, 12% had a nursing degree, 7% had a pharmacy degree, and 52% had a degree listed as other (7% had a PhD, 23% had an MPH/MSPH degree, and 15% had an MS degree). 65% and 49% of respondents had participated in unconscious bias and microaggression training, respectively. 18% (n=22) of White respondents, 43% (n=3) of Black respondents, and 30% (n=8) of Asian respondents reported witnessing antimicrobial prescribing influenced by race, ethnicity, or other characteristics. 17% and 15% of respondents felt that their antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention recommendations, respectively, had not been accepted due to their race, ethnicity, gender identity, or other personal identifiers. Conclusion: This survey showed demographic characteristics of professionals working in infectious diseases and their perceptions of how certain aspects of their identity have influenced their recommendations. Differences between racial groups were observed in how frequently respondents witnessed inequities in antimicrobial prescribing, and many respondents felt their recommendations had not been accepted due to their identity. A limitation of this analysis is that few Black individuals completed the survey, which makes comparisons by race difficult; however, the respondents were consistent with SHEA membership demographics.

Ethnic differences in meat consumption attitudes, norms and behaviors: A survey of White, South Asian and Black ethnic groups in the UK

A reduction in meat consumption is necessary to mitigate negative impacts of climate change and adverse health outcomes. The UK has an increasingly multi-ethnic population, yet there is little research on meat consumption habits and attitudes among ethnic groups in the UK. We ran a survey (N = 1014) with quota samples for ethnic groups and analyzed attitudes, behaviors and norm perceptions of White, South Asian and Black British respondents. Most respondents believe overconsumption of red and processed meat has negative impacts on health (73.3%) and the environment (64.3%).South Asian respondents were statistically significantly less likely to be meat eaters than White respondents (OR = 0.44, 95% CIs: 0.30-0.65, t = −4.15, p = 0.000), while there was no significant difference between White and Black respondents (OR = 1.06, 95% CIs: 0.63–1.76, t = 0.21, p = 0.834). Both South Asian (OR = 2.76, 95% CIs: 1.89–4.03 t = 5.25, p = 0.000) and Black respondents (OR = 2.09, 95% CIs: 0.1.30–3.35, t = 3.06, p = 0.002) were significantly more likely to express being influenced by friends and family in their food choices than White respondents. South Asian (OR = 3.24,95% CIs: 2.17–4.84, t = 5.74, p = 0.000) and Black (OR = 2.02,95% CIs: 1.21–3.39, t = 2.69, p = 0.007) respondents were also both significantly more likely to report they would want to eat similarly to their friends and family than White respondents. Statistical analyses suggested some gender and socioeconomic differences across and among ethnic groups, which are reported and discussed. The differences in meat consumption behaviors and norm conformity between ethnic groups raises the prospect that interventions that leverage social norms may be more effective in South Asian groups than Black and White groups in the UK.

Willingness to cooperate with police in hate crime cases: the impact of police legitimacy, police encounters and race/ethnicity

PurposeWhile the significance of public cooperation for police effectiveness is widely acknowledged, less is known about factors associated with cooperation in hate crime cases. The current study aims to explore how individuals’ perspectives on police legitimacy, contact experience with police and race/ethnicity shape their willingness to cooperate with police in hate crime incidents.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a sample of 693 college students and was conducted at a public university in the south-central region of the southern United States of America. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models were used to examine factors related to willingness to cooperate with police.FindingsFindings show that those who have a high level of positive perceptions of police legitimacy and those who have a low level of negative personal experience with police reported more willingness to cooperate. Asian respondents were less likely to report that they would cooperate with police compared to white respondents.Originality/valueThis study, emphasizing the relationships between perceived police legitimacy and positive personal experiences with a willingness to cooperate in hate crime cases, has practical implications. The identification of racial/ethnic differences in cooperation attitudes, particularly the lower likelihood of cooperation among Asian respondents, contributed to the current literature and underscores the importance of considering diverse perspectives and outreach efforts.

National Benchmarks to Understand How Doctor of Physical Therapy Learners From Minoritized Race and Ethnicity Groups Perceive Their Physical Therapist Education Program.

The demographic homogeneity of the physical therapist workforce and its educational pathway may undermine the profession's potential to improve the health of society. Building academic environments that support the development of all learners is fundamental to building a workforce to meet societal health care needs. The Benchmarking in Physical Therapy Education study uses the Physical Therapy Graduation Questionnaire to comprehensively assess learner perceptions of the physical therapist academic environment. The present report examined whether racial and ethnic minoritized (REM) physical therapist learners perceive their doctor of physical therapy education differently from their non-REM peers. Five thousand and eighty graduating doctor of physical therapy learners in 89 institutions provided demographic data and perceptions of a range of learning environment domains. Analyses included REM versus non-REM comparisons as well as comparisons among individual race and ethnicity groups. Compared with their non-minoritized peers, REM respondents expressed less satisfaction with their education and lower confidence in their preparedness for entry-level practice. REM respondents observed more faculty professionalism disconnects and demonstrated less agreement that their program had fostered their overall psychological well-being. REM respondents experienced higher rates of mistreatment than their peers and reported higher rates of exhaustion and disengagement, the 2 axes of academic burnout. Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/a/x (Hispanic, Latino, Latina, and/or Latinx) respondents incurred significantly more educational debt than Asian and White respondents. REM respondents reported greater empathy and greater interest in working in underserved communities. REM respondents perceived the physical therapist learning environment more negatively than their non-minoritized peers but expressed strong interest in serving people from underserved communities. These national benchmarks offer academic institutions the opportunity to self-assess their own environment and to work to improve the quality of the educational experience for all learners. In a nationwide benchmarking study, learners from minoritized race and ethnicity backgrounds reported more negative experiences and outcomes during physical therapist education than their non-minoritized peers. These same learners demonstrated high empathy and interest in serving people from underserved (under-resourced) communities. Learning environments that permit all individuals to thrive may be an essential avenue to improve the health of a rapidly diversifying society.

Vaccination during pregnancy by race/ethnicity: a focus on American Indians/Alaska Natives

Vaccination during pregnancy reduces the incidence of infections and their associated adverse outcomes in both mothers and infants. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has recommended influenza and Tdap vaccination during pregnancy since 2004 and 2013, respectively. Several studies have examined disparities in vaccination rates during pregnancy by race/ethnicity. However, none have included American Indians/Alaska Natives as a specific racial/ethnic group on a national level. Current literature suggests that American Indian/Alaska Native infants experience increased morbidity and mortality from both influenza and pertussis infections compared with most other groups in the United States. This study aimed to evaluate the uptake of influenza and Tdap vaccinations during pregnancy by race/ethnicity, with a specific focus on American Indian/Alaska Native people. This cross-sectional study used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Comparisons of vaccine uptake across racial/ethnic groups (American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, and "None of the above") were evaluated using weighted logistic regression analyses to estimate prevalence odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Models were adjusted for maternal age, parity, maternal education, marital status, payment method at delivery, prenatal care in first trimester, maternal smoking status, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participation, and receipt of influenza vaccine reported by a health care provider. For both vaccines, Asian respondents had the highest uptake (influenza, 70.1%; Tdap, 68.2%), whereas Black respondents reported the lowest uptake (influenza, 44.4%; Tdap, 57.9%). For the influenza vaccine, American Indian/Alaska Native respondents demonstrated a higher uptake compared with White respondents, and the magnitude of difference increased markedly after adjusting for respondent characteristics (adjusted odds ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-1.90). In the unadjusted analyses, Black individuals reported influenza vaccination at approximately half the rate of their White counterparts during pregnancy. This effect was attenuated but remained lower after adjustment for respondent characteristics (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.76). For the Tdap vaccine, American Indian/Alaska Native respondents reported lower uptake than White respondents; however, this difference disappeared when adjusted for respondent characteristics (adjusted odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-1.19). Asian and Hispanic respondents displayed a similar uptake compared with their White counterparts for both vaccines. Our findings indicate that there are racial/ethnic disparities in influenza and Tdap vaccination rates among pregnant individuals in the United States. Demonstration of increased uptake among American Indian/Alaska Native people in the crude analysis may reflect the success of various public health interventions through Tribal and Indian Health Service hospitals. Nonetheless, vaccination status during pregnancy remains seriously below national guideline recommendations. Greater measures must be taken to support preventative care in marginalized populations, with particular emphasis on community-driven solutions rooted in justice.

The role of social media engagement in the purchase intention of South Korea's popular media (Hallyu) tourism package: based on uses and gratifications theory

ABSTRACT Despite the growing investment in Hallyu tourism and the rising importance of cultural tourism, a theoretically integrated model of consumer engagement has not been developed. Thus, this study established a framework based on the uses and gratifications theory to understand social media engagement's effect on the purchase intention of the Hallyu tourism package. The uses and gratifications of this study included entertainment and information seeking of Hallyu content on YouTube. An online survey was conducted to collect quantitative data to test the research hypotheses. Additionally, the cultural background of Asian and Western respondents was adopted as a moderator on all the paths. The results did not support the direct and indirect effect of passive engagement on purchase intention. The moderator effect showed the difference between the uses and gratifications and passive engagement. Consequently, theoretical implications and practical recommendations related to policy reform were suggested to promote Hallyu tourism.

Racial and ethnic disparities in social isolation and 11-year dementia risk among older adults in the United States.

Social isolation has been implicated in the development of cognitive impairment, but research on this association remains limited among racial-ethnic minoritized populations. Our study examined the interplay between social isolation, race-ethnicity and dementia. We analyzed 11 years (2011-2021) of National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) data, a prospective nationally representative cohort of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. Dementia status was determined using a validated NHATS algorithm. We constructed a longitudinal score using a validated social isolation variable for our sample of 6,155 community-dwelling respondents. Cox regression determined how the interaction between social isolation and race-ethnicity was associated with incident dementia risk. Average longitudinal frequency of social isolation was higher among older Black (27.6%), Hispanic (26.6%) and Asian (21.0%) respondents than non-Hispanic White (19.1%) adults during the 11-year period (t = -7.35, p < .001). While a higher frequency of social isolation was significantly associated with an increased (approximately 47%) dementia risk after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.47, 95% CI [1.15, 1.88], p < .01), this association was not significant after adjusting for health covariates (aHR = 1.21, 95% CI [0.96, 1.54], p = .11). Race-ethnicity was not a significant moderator in the association between social isolation and dementia. Older adults from racial-ethnic minoritized populations experienced a higher longitudinal frequency of social isolation. However, race-ethnicity did not moderate the positive association observed between social isolation and dementia. Future research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms contributing to racial-ethnic disparities in social isolation and to develop targeted interventions to mitigate the associated dementia risk.

Abstract A074: Cancer fatalism among Asian American adults by origin group, 2014-2022

Abstract Background: Cancer fatalism encompasses beliefs about external causes of cancer and the perceived inability of humans to prevent it. Existing research suggests that individuals with higher levels of cancer fatalism are less likely to engage in cancer prevention behaviors or adhere to cancer screening practices. However, limited information exists regarding the prevalence of cancer fatalism within various Asian origin groups. Understanding whether this prevalence varies by origin group can offer valuable insights for developing strategies to enhance beliefs and knowledge about cancer among these populations, ultimately leading to improved health outcomes. To fill this gap in the literature, we conduct a disaggregated analysis of cancer fatalism among Asian origin groups (Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Vietnamese, and other Asian respondents), using nationally representative samples. Methods: We performed a pooled cross-sectional study utilizing the Health Information National Trend Survey data (HINTS-4 cycle 4 [2014], HINTS-5 cycles 1-3 [2017-2019], and HINTS-6 [2022]), a nationally representative survey administered by the National Cancer Institute. We analyzed respondents’ agreement to two items: “It seems like everything causes cancer”; and “There’s not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer.” We used a survey-design adjusted Wald chi-square test for bivariate analyses. Results: The sample included 234 Chinese respondents, 173 Filipino respondents, 185 Indian respondents, 97 Vietnamese respondents, and 222 other Asian respondents (e.g., Korean, Japanese). Significantly lower proportions of Indian respondents (38.9%; 95% CI 26.1 – 51.8%) endorsed the statement “It seems like everything causes cancer,” when compared with Vietnamese respondents (70.4%; 95% CI 54.9% – 86.0%) and Filipino respondents (76.2%; 95% CI 65.1% – 87.4%). Additionally, lower proportions of Indian and Chinese respondents endorsed the statement “There’s not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer” when compared with Vietnamese and Filipino respondents, though these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Our study represents one of the first efforts to use nationally representative data to explore disaggregated prevalence of cancer fatalism beliefs among Asian American origin groups. Filipino adults exhibit nearly double the prevalence of one of the cancer fatalism beliefs compared to Indian adults. Vietnamese adults also have a high level of cancer fatalism beliefs. These findings highlight the heterogeneity among Asian American origin groups and emphasize the importance of culturally tailored interventions, specifically targeting those groups with higher levels of fatalism beliefs. Data collection that is disaggregated by Asian origin group should be prioritized to gain a comprehensive understanding of these beliefs and design effective interventions. Citation Format: Milkie Vu, Yenan Zhu, Ryan Suk. Cancer fatalism among Asian American adults by origin group, 2014-2022 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A074.

Abstract C140: A population-based analysis of awareness and knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine among Asian American adults by origin group, 2014-2019

Abstract Background: Awareness and knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine are critical antecedents of HPV vaccine uptake. While emerging literature has examined racial and ethnic differences in these areas, most either exclude Asian Americans, subsume them under the category of “other,” or aggregate all origin groups under a single category of “Asians.” To fill this gap in the literature regarding data disaggregation, we conducted an analysis of awareness and knowledge of HPV, the HPV vaccine, and HPV-related cancers among six Asian origin groups (Chinese, Filipinos, Indians, Japanese, Koreans, and Vietnamese), using nationally representative samples. Methods: We performed a pooled cross-sectional study utilizing the Health Information National Trend Survey data (HINTS-4 cycle 4 [2014], HINTS-5 cycles 1-3 [2017-2019]), a nationally representative survey administered by the National Cancer Institute. We analyzed questions about knowledge of HPV, the HPV vaccine, and the facts that HPV causes cervical, oral, anal, and penile cancers by race and/or ethnicity. The sample included those who self-reported as Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean, or Vietnamese origins; non-Hispanic White (NHW) respondents were the reference group. We used survey-design adjusted Wald chi-square tests. Results: A total of 8,865 non-Hispanic White respondents and 623 Asian respondents were included in this study. Significantly lower proportions of most Asian origin groups (Chinese 45.5%; Indian 45.6%; Korean 39.7%; and Vietnamese 43.5%) had heard of HPV compared with NHW counterparts (69.4%). Significantly lower proportions of Chinese (50.9%), Filipino (47.0%) Korean (46.1%), and Vietnamese (38.8%) respondents had heard of the HPV vaccine compared with NHW respondents (68.1%). Significantly lower proportions of Chinese (41.0%), Indian (36.2%), Korean (32.9%), and Vietnamese (30.6%) respondents knew that HPV causes cervical cancer compared with NHW (55.7%). Significantly lower proportions of Chinese and Vietnamese respondents knew that HPV causes anal and oral cancers, and significantly lower proportions of Indian respondents knew that HPV causes penile cancer, when compared to NHW counterparts. Discussion: Most Asian origin groups had lower knowledge of HPV-related facts, with varying magnitudes, compared with NHW counterparts. Vietnamese and Chinese respondents had significantly lower knowledge compared with NHW respondents for 5 out of 6 questions. For most questions, Vietnamese was the group with the lowest proportions of respondents reporting knowledge. Heterogeneity in HPV-related knowledge suggests the need to culturally tailor interventions about the HPV vaccine in appropriate languages to effectively reach different Asian origin groups, with particular attention to those with low awareness. Continued monitoring of HPV-related knowledge with disaggregated data collection for Asian origin groups is critical for efforts to increase educational outreach, combat vaccine misinformation, and improve HPV vaccine uptake. Citation Format: Milkie Vu, Yenan Zhu, Duy D. Trinh, Young-Rock Hong, Ryan Suk. A population-based analysis of awareness and knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine among Asian American adults by origin group, 2014-2019 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C140.

Data-Driven Investigation of Inflation Concerns Caused by COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S.

While the end of the COVID-19 pandemic was declared in May 2023, it is necessary to analyze data collected by the Household Pulse Survey (HPS) to understand Americans’ perceptions of inflation during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 574,265 samples were analyzed with ANOVA, Tukey’s Multiple Comparison tests, and dominance analysis to explore disparities in expense difficulty across various demographic and socioeconomic groups. Results revealed significant racial disparities, with Black individuals facing the most challenges, followed by mixed-race, White, and Asian respondents. Transgender individuals encountered the highest hurdles among genders. Separated individuals experienced the most financial challenges based on marital status, while renters struggled more than homeowners regarding property status. Geographical variances revealed that the District of Columbia experienced the simplest challenges while Mississippi faced the most difficult ones. Dominance analysis highlighted household income and education levels as pivotal factors and indicated an inverse correlation between total household income and expense difficulty among low-income households. Disparities arose when oil and gas prices decreased, while the difficulty of paying full energy bills did not follow that trend. The most substantial discrepancy was observed between people’s difficulty with expenses and CPI data, which implied questions about the accuracy of CPI in reflecting consumer trends. Future research that considers additional variables would be helpful to gain a more comprehensive understanding of individuals’ perceptions of inflation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Attitudes of Asian and Polish Adolescents towards the Use of Ecological Innovations in CPR Training.

The potential use of manikins made of environmentally friendly materials (biodegradable or easily recycled) could be a milestone in promoting cardiac arrest awareness and mass resuscitation training without the threat of generating large amounts of unprocessable waste. The main aim of the study was to compare the attitude of young adults from Asia and Poland towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation training forms and to evaluate the innovative concept of an ecological resuscitation manikin; Methods: This was a survey-based study conducted during two events in Thailand and Poland in 2023; Results: A total of 226 questionnaires were included in the final analysis. Asian respondents were significantly more likely to choose traditional training than Polish participants (78% vs. 58%, respectively). A manikin that is mainly biodegradable was the most common choice across the entire study group. Young Asians were significantly more likely to choose a traditional stationary course, while Polish respondents were highly significantly more likely to opt for hybrid training (online with practical training provided at the student's home). In the total study group, young people from Poland and parts of Asia are most likely to participate in traditional on-site instructor-led training, but a comparison across groups showed a significant tendency for young Poles to choose a hybrid training option, i.e., a combination of online and hands-on training. Despite some differences, both study groups showed a strong interest in pro-environmental behavior and the use of more ecofriendly solutions than previously used in resuscitation training.

Characterization of sun-protective behaviours among Asian people in the USA stratified by geographic location of birth.

We examined national survey data on sun-protective behaviours and risk factors among Asian respondents from various regions of origin. Our findings highlight significant differences in behaviours across respondents from each geographic region included in the study.

Measuring Food Security among American Indian and Alaska Native Adults: Validity Evidence Supports the Use of the US Department of Agriculture Module

BackgroundInequities in access, availability, and affordability of nutritious foods produced by settler colonialism contribute to high rates of food insecurity among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) households. Efforts to understand the influences of food security programming among AI/AN individuals in the United States are constrained by the absence of validity evidence for food security assessments for this population. ObjectiveThis study assessed whether AI/AN adult responses on the Food Security Survey Module provide an accurate assessment of food security prevalence, especially when compared with other racial and ethnic groups. DesignA correlational design with the cross-sectional 2019 National Health Interview Survey was used to address the research objective. Participants and settingThe 2019 National Health Interview Survey contains a sample (N = 30,052) representative of the resident civilian noninstitutionalized population. Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was food security, as characterized by the 10-item US Department of Agriculture Adult Food Security Survey Module. The module evaluates whether insufficient finances result in perceived food shortages and a reduction in the quantity and/or quality of food intake during the prior 30 days. Statistical analyses performedData were analyzed by racial and ethnic subsamples to assess scale dimensionality (confirmatory factor analysis), Item Response Theory item analysis, differential item functioning, and external validity (χ2 tests). ResultsResults supported the use of the 10-item module for racial and ethnic groups. However, differential item functioning effect sizes exceeded criteria for the Asian, AI/AN, and Hispanic respondents when compared with White respondents. Food security was not significantly related to all expected correlates in the AI/AN subsample. ConclusionsCompelling evidence is presented for validity of the FSSM scores in determining food security status of AI/AN adults. Qualitative inquiry that explores how culture influences the way food security is conceptualized and experienced is warranted.

Remember Kabul? Reputation, strategic contexts, and American credibility after the Afghanistan withdrawal

ABSTRACT We examine how a great power’s past behavior toward an informal security partner affects the broader credibility of its security commitments, focusing on the implications of America’s dramatic troop withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021 as perceived by the U.S., South Korean, and Chinese publics. Against conventional wisdom, we show that knowledge about a great power’s decision to abandon an informal partner in one region of the globe can help increase confidence about its alliance commitments elsewhere. Our survey experiments identify a striking disjuncture: Although Americans tend to believe that the abandonment decision in Afghanistan will hurt their country’s credibility in East Asia, no such effect is found in South Korea and China. In fact, East Asian respondents who are reminded of the Afghanistan withdrawal become more confident about American security commitments when alerted to the possibility that this decision will help Washington to concentrate additional military capabilities in their region.