Bufo Melanostictus Research Articles

Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to some non-target freshwater organisms: which one is more toxic-technical grade or commercial formulation?

Chlorpyrifos is among the most widely sold organophosphates in the agriculture sector worldwide. Static bioassays were performed in the laboratory to compare the acute toxicity between the technical grade (94% a.i.) and commercial formulation (20% EC) of chlorpyrifos to four freshwater organisms: the crustacean zooplankton Cyclops viridis, the oligochaete worm Branchiura sowerbyi, the gastropod Pila globosa, and tadpole larvae of Duttaphrynus melanostictus. The recovery of actual chlorpyrifos concentrations in water after 2 h of exposure to the nominal concentrations ranged from 82.98% to 88.56%. The commercial formulation (F) of chlorpyrifos was found to be 1.94 to 2.76 times more toxic than the technical grade (T). Based on 96 h LC50 values of T and F chlorpyrifos, C. viridis was found to be most sensitive (0.56 and 0.25 μg/L) and P. globosa as most tolerant (1482 and 536 μg/L) to chlorpyrifos. Changes in LC50 values of both T and F chlorpyrifos were noted in respect of exposure hours for the three aquatic invertebrates and the tadpole larvae of the toad. In conclusion, the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to some non-target freshwater organisms differs between technical grade and commercial formulations.

Predation on Asian Common Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) by Bengal monitor lizard (Varanus) in National botanical garden, Bangladesh

Predation on Asian Common Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) by Bengal monitor lizard (Varanus) in National botanical garden, Bangladesh

Keanekaragaman Spesies Amfibi (Ordo Anura) di Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Kerandangan Kabupaten Lombok Barat

Amphibians are vertebrate animals that generally live in humid forest areas. Amphibians can be used as environmental bioindicators because of their sensitivity to environmental changes such as water pollution and destruction of native habitats. Anura is one of the group of amphibians. The occurrence of microclimate changes caused by the dynamics of biotic and abiotic factors can result in changes in the amphibian population in Kerandangan Nature Park. Recording and identifying the presence of amphibians will help maintain limited populations and potentially be managed for the better. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diversity index of amphibian species (order anura) in Kerandangan Nature Tourism Park. The method used is VES (Visual Encounter Survey). The research was conducted in 4 blocks, namely intensive utilization blocks, limited utilization, rehabilitation and protection. Data were analyzed using the Shanon-Wienner diversity index. The results of the study found 3 species of amphibians (order anura) namely Limnonectes kadarsani, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, and Polypedates leucomystax. with an amphibian diversity index (Ordo Anura) in Kerandangan Nature Tourism Park is Hꞌ = 1.07.

<span>Some data about the food composition of amphibians in Cao Lanh city, Dong Thap province </span>

On the rice field ecosystem in Cao Lanh district, Dong Thap province, there are 6 species of amphibians distributed: Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Kaloula pulchra and Hylarana guentheri have the most diversity of feed ingredients; Fejervarya limnocharis, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus and Ichthyophis bannanicus have less food diversity; Scolopendomorpha and Polydesmoidea are the least, accounting for 1,2%. Amphibians have the most food frequency in Coleoptera, followed by Hymenoptera and Orthoptera. Amphibians are usually terrestrial, eating mainly insects. The frequency of pests was lowest in the period from sowing seeds until the rice had 3 leaves germinated, the lowest in the period of yellow rice until after harvest, the highest at the stage of rice with milk in the grain to the stage of green - ripened rice. The frequency of encounters of Hoplobatrachus rugulosus and Fejervarya limnocharis is lowest at the stage of seeding until rice germination, decrease gradually in the period of ripe rice until after harvest, stage 4 (Rice with milk in the grain until green ripening) has the highest frequency. In stage 1, there is the lowest frequency of encountering amphibians and pests, frequency increases gradually to stage 2 and peaks at stage 4, decreasing at stage 5.

Identifying toxic effects and metabolic perturbations of Duttaphrynus melanostictus skin extracts in human erythrocytes.

Skin secretions of toads are widely used in medicine all over the world for their antiviral, anti-infective, and cardiotonic properties. Because these secretions are mostly employed to combat blood parasite infection, it is important to understand their potential toxic effects on human erythrocytes. Therefore, the objective of the current investigation was to elucidate the effects of Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider) skin extracts on the physiology of human erythrocytes. Toads captured from their natural habitat were separated into three groups according to their body size. Hydroalcoholic extracts of toad skin were prepared by reflux heating. These extracts were then evaluated for their hemolytic and hemoglobin denaturation potential. The effects of the extracts on cytosolic and membrane-bound enzymes of human erythrocytes were assessed. The hemolysis and hemoglobin denaturation caused by these extracts correlated positively with the respective toad sizes. Extracts from medium and large toads led to increased osmotic fragility even at near iso-osmotic concentrations. Biochemical analysis of hemolysate showed that the treatment induced a shift of metabolic flux toward the glutathione pathway. Analysis of membrane-bound enzymes revealed a significant decrease in the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase and acetylcholinesterase. SDS-PAGE analysis of the erythrocyte membrane did not show the band of tropomodulin for the cells treated with 1000 𝜇g/ml extract from large toads. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the toxicity of toad skin secretions aggravates with the size of the animal and interferes with the physiology of human erythrocytes, leading to their membrane disruption and rapid lysis.

Isolation, Identification and Chemical Modification of Bufadienolides from Bufo melanostictus Schneider and Their Cytotoxic Activities against Prostate Cancer Cells.

The traditional Chinese medicine toad venom (Venenum bufonis) has been extensively used to treat various diseases, including cancers, in China and other Southeast Asian countries. The major constituents of toad venom, e.g., bufadienolides and alkaloids, exhibit broad-spectrum pharmacological effects in cancers. Herein, two new bufadienolides (1 and 2), along with eleven known compounds (3-13) were successfully isolated from Bufo melanostictus Schneider. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, four lactam derivatives were synthesized through the transformation of bufadienolides lactones. The inhibitory effects of these compounds against human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145 were evaluated. The outcomes indicated a notable trend, with a substantial subset displaying nanomolar range IC50 values against PC-3 and DU145 cells, underscoring their pronounced cytotoxicity. Moreover, a noteworthy distinction surfaces, wherein lactones consistently outperformed their lactam counterparts, further validating their heightened potency for the treatment of prostate cancer. This study contributes significant preclinical evidence substantiating the therapeutic viability of bufadienolides and toad venom as intervention strategies for prostate cancer.

Investigating the toxic mechanism of iron oxide nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress in tadpole (Duttaphrynus melanostictus): A combined biochemical and molecular study

Metal oxide nanomaterials have toxicity towards aquatic organisms, especially microbes and invertebrates, but little is known about their impact on amphibians. We conducted a study on Duttaphrynus melanostictus (D. melanostictus) tadpoles to explore the chronic toxicity effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and the underlying mechanisms of IONPs-induced oxidative stress. IONPs exposure led to increased iron accumulation in the blood, liver, and kidneys of tadpoles, significantly affecting blood parameters and morphology. Higher IONPs concentrations (10 and 50 mg L−1) triggered reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and pronounced toxicity in tadpoles. The activity levels of antioxidant enzymes/proteins (SOD, CAT, albumin, and lysozyme) decreased after IONPs exposure, and immunological measures in the blood serum were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Molecular docking analysis revealed that IONPs primarily attached to the surface of SOD/CAT/albumin/lysozyme through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. Overall, this study emphasizes the ability of IONPs to induce oxidative damage by decreasing immunological profiles such as ACH50 (34.58 ± 2.74 U mL−1), lysozyme (6.94 ± 0.82 U mL−1), total Ig (5.00 ± 0.35 g dL−1), total protein (1.20 ± 0.17 g dL−1), albumin (0.52 ± 0.01 g dL−1) and globulin (0.96 ± 0.01 g dL−1) and sheds light on their potential toxic effects on tadpoles.

A New epoxy steroid isolated and characterized from Bufo melanostictus venom with potential IL-6 along with TNF-α inhibition and spectroscopic study for structure and vibrational properties using DFT

This paper deals with the study on the effects of a novel epoxy steroid (NES) extracted from the parotid gland of the Indian toad (Bufo melanostictus) on the liver, kidney, and colon. NES is a new chemical compound and it is first time reported with potential protective effects on organ toxicities from Indian toad venom. The Indian toad parotid secretion-derived chemical was isolated, identified as NES and tested for its potential of protective effect. NES was identified by using infrared, 1D, and 2D approaches. The in-silico investigations showed that it has a higher affinity for TNF-α and IL-6. By exposing mice to organ toxicity induced by Dextran Sodium Sulphate and Bisphenol A in the colon, kidneys, and liver, NES was able to target the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. NES significantly suppressed the IL-6 and TNF-α level in all selected organ toxicities in a dose a dependent manner and revealed prominent protection by inhibiting TNF-α. It was further confirmed by the histo-pathological recovery of the damaged cells and immunohistology suppression of CD 68 expression when compared to the induced groups. Further, the structural parameters of the new compound NES were determined from the optimized molecular geometry, approaching the quantum chemical computations employing density functional theory (DFT) using Becke's hybrid functional (B3LYP) along with 6–311++G(d,p) basis set. HOMO-LUMO energy gap was performed to assess the chemical reactivity and biological activity.

Herpetofauna diversity in Tengah Waterfall (Coban Tengah), Krajan, Pandensari village, Pujon district, Malang regency, Indonesia

Data on herpetofauna diversity in the East Java area is still very minimal, especially in the Malang area. Malang Regency has many rivers which can become herpetofauna habitat. One of the river flows in Malang Regency is the Coban Tengah flow which is in Pandesari Village, Pujon District, Malang Regency. This area has the potential for biodiversity, but there is still minimal exploration and there is no data on reptiles and amphibians. Diversity data collection is important as a first step in conservation efforts. The aim of this research is to determine the diversity of herpetofauna in Coban Tengah. This research uses the Visual Encounter Surveys (VES) method, namely by searching for specimens in a predetermined area and time. The species found are recorded. The data obtained were analyzed using the Shannon weaner diversity index, dominance index, and evenness index. The research data shows the Shannon Weaner diversity value (1.61), which indicates that diversity is moderate. There were 171 individuals found consisting of 10 species, namely Chalcorana chalconota, Odorrana hosii, Polypedates leucomystax, Leptobrachium hasseltii, Phrynoidis aspera, Microhyla achatina, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Cyrtodactylus marmoratus, Elapoidis fusca, and Bronchocela jubata.

ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF ANURANS IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF LUDHIANA AND PANCHKULA

In the present study, abundance and diversity of anurans was recorded from residential areas of Ludhiana (Punjab) and Panchkula (Haryana) for 2021 and 2022. From both locations, three anuran species were recorded which included Duttaphrynus melanostictus, D. stomaticus and Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, belonged to order anura, families bufonidae and dicroglossidae. Among district Ludhiana, residential areas of village Barewal Dogran (4.90 individuals) showed maximum anuran abundance as compared to Sherpur (4.14 individuals) and Ladhowal (3.90 individuals). However, in Panchkula, village Maheshpur (4.87 individuals) showed the maximum abundance as compared to villages Railly (4.06 individuals) and Sector-26 Extension (4.32 individuals). Interestingly, 7.95% and 6.30% increase in anuran population was recorded from residential areas of district Ludhiana and Panchkula, respectively during 2022 as compared to previous year. Overall, residential areas of district Panchkula were recorded to be 2.32% more abundant as compared to district Ludhiana. Among three species, H. tigerinus was found to be heaviest in body weight (226.2-272.2 g), whereas D. melanostictus was lightest one (7.24-7.93 g). The mean body weight of D. melanostictus, D. stomaticus and H. tigerinus males and females recorded ranged from 7.24-7.93, 7.91-8.67 and 226.2-272.2 g, respectively. A positive correlation was found between anuran population with atmospheric temperature (ˆC), relative humidity (%) and rainfall (mm) r = (+0.28 to +0.91) among both districts. However, among all weather parameters, a strong correlation was found between anuran population and relative humidity (+0.82 to +0.91). This data may be used by researchers or researchers for the benefit of anuran conservation programmes.

Combinational Antitumor Strategies Based on the Active Ingredients of Toad Skin and Toad Venom.

A multidrug combination strategy is an important mean to improve the treatment of cancer and is the mainstream scheme of clinical cancer treatment. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, represented by toad skin and toad venom, have the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, wide action and multiple targets and have become ideal targets in combined treatment strategies for tumors in recent years. Toad skin and toad venom are traditional Chinese animal medicines derived from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider that have shown excellent therapeutic effects on the treatment of various cancers and cancer pain as adjuvant antitumor drugs in clinical practice. The involved mechanisms include inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle, inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, reversing the multidrug resistance of tumor cells, and regulating multiple signaling pathways and targets. Moreover, a multidrug combination strategy based on a nanodelivery system can realize the precise loading of the active ingredients of toad skin or toad venom and other antitumor drugs and carry drugs to overcome physiological and pathological barriers, complete efficient enrichment in tumor tissues, and achieve targeted delivery to tumor cells and the controlled release of drugs, thus enhancing antitumor efficacy and reducing toxicity and side effects. This article reviewed the clinical efficacy and safety of the combination of toad skin and toad venom with chemotherapeutic drugs, targeted drugs, analgesics and other drugs; evaluated the effects and mechanisms of the combination of toad skin and toad venom with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy or hyperthermia, traditional Chinese medicine, signaling pathway inhibitors and other therapies in cell and animal models; and summarized the codelivery strategies for the active ingredients of toad skin and toad venom with chemotherapeutic drugs, small-molecule targeted drugs, monoclonal antibodies, active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, and photodynamic and photothermal therapeutic drugs to provide a basis for the rational drug use of toad skin and toad venom in the clinic and the development of novel drug delivery systems.

Advances on Delivery System of Active Ingredients of Dried Toad Skin and Toad Venom.

Dried toad skin (TS) and toad venom (TV) are the dried skin of the Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor and the Bufo melanostictus Schneider, which remove the internal organs and the white secretions of the skin and retroauricular glands. Since 2005, cinobufacini preparations have been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration for use as adjuvant therapies in the treatment of various advanced cancers. Meanwhile, bufalenolides has been identified as the main component of TS/TV, exhibiting antitumor activity, inducing apoptosis of cancer cells and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation or metastasis through a variety of signaling pathways. However, clinical agents frequently face limitations such as inherent toxicity at high concentrations and insufficient tumor targeting. Additionally, the development and utilization of these active ingredients are hindered by poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and rapid clearance from the bloodstream. To address these challenges, the design of a targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) aims to enhance drug bioavailability, improve targeting within the body, increase drug efficacy, and reduce adverse reactions. This article reviews the TDDS for TS/TV, and their active components, including passive, active, and stimuli-responsive TDDS, to provide a reference for advancing their clinical development and use.

Anuran communities in the dry karst ecosystem of Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Febriyono M, Nayasilana IN, Masyithoh G. 2023. Anuran communities in the dry karst ecosystem of Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6484-6492. Dry physical conditions characterize karst ecosystems. This affects the distribution of the Anura-amphibian that depend on water sources. The presence of anurans in an ecosystem can be used as an environmental bioindicator. In this study, we used a visual encounter survey to document and provide information on the presence of anurans in Pucung village, Wonogiri District, Central Java, Indonesia, to provide information for the sustainable management of this karst ecosystem. The study was conducted from January to March 2023. Observations were made at two sites--Gundi Hamlet and Dunggudel Hamlet--and covered each of the different land covers found in the region. Then, anuran species diversity was analyzed using an index calculated using Barbour diversity analysis and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), species richness index, species dominance index, and species evenness index. Environmental parameters were investigated using canonical correspondence analysis. We found eight species belonging to five families. The Rice Field Frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) was the most abundant species, with 95 individuals. The least common species was Asian Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) with two individuals. The H' values ranged from 1.21 to 1.58. The highest diversity value was found in the community forest habitat. A comparison of the values for the environmental factors, including climate (air temperature and humidity) and water pH in the three habitat types studied, showed low significance, meaning that the three habitat types were suitable for the presence of anurans. Based on the observations and environmental factors, we determined that the karst ecosystem in Pucung village could support a diversity of anuran species.

Incidence of Dermatophagy by Common Indian Toad Duttaphrynus Melanostictus (Schneider, 1799)

The skin of amphibians serves as a vital immune barrier that is essential for survival. In amphibians, the shedding of skin, or dermatophagy, is a multifaceted process influenced by factors such as species, age, and environmental conditions. This article explores an interesting incident of dermatophagy observed in Duttaphrynus melanostictus, the Common Indian Toad, within the Nature Garden of Amboli, Maharashtra. The toad exhibited the unique behaviour o consuming its own shed skin, a phenomenon not widely documented in amphibians. While dermatophagy has been studied in various reptiles, its purpose remains unclear. This observation provides insights into the ecological and behavioural aspects of amphibians, raising questions about the active or incidental nature of dermatophagy and its potential ecological correlates. Further research is warranted to unravel the precise reasons behind this intriguing behaviour in amphibians.

Relative susceptibility of tadpoles of Uperodon taprobanicus (Anura: Microhylidae) and Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Anura: Bufonidae) to predacious Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Anura: Dicroglossidae) tadpoles: significance of refugia and swimming speed in pre


 
 
 
 The relative susceptibility of two closely associated herbivorous tadpole species (Uperodon taprobanicus and Duttaphrynus melanostictus) to their natural carnivorous predatory tadpole, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus and the significance of refugia in predator avoidance was studied in the laboratory. In a total of 50 trials, 10 tadpoles each of U. taprobanicus and D. melanostictus of comparable sizes were exposed to starved H. tigerinus. Twenty-five trials included refugia while 25 did not. The results of this study showed that in both the presence and absence of refugia, D. melanostictus tadpoles fell prey to H. tigerinus more frequently than U. taprobanicus tadpoles. A key difference between the two prey species is the speed of swimming; Vmax of D. melanostictus (13.58 cm/s) tadpoles is significantly lower than that of U. taprobanicus (24.89 cm/s) tadpoles. This is likely to be the main reason why more D. melanostictus tadpoles were preyed upon than were U. taprobanicus tadpoles. It is important to note that the Vmax of the predator (60.21 cm/s) is much greater than those of the two prey species. However, predation risk of both prey tadpole species was affected significantly by the presence of refugia. The susceptibility of both prey tadpole species was lower where refugia were available. The present study clearly demonstrates that the more efficient avoidance of predation by U. taprobanicus tadpoles could be due to better use of refugia and their faster rate of movement.
 
 
 

Herpetofauna Diversity at Eaglewood Gyrinops vesteegii Conservation Area in Pusuk Protected Forest, Lombok

Pusuk Protected Forest at Lembah Sari Village, Batu Layar District, western Lombok is Gyrinops vesteegii conservation area, the one of eaglewood trees in the Lesser Sunda Islands. Studying diversity and distribution of herpetofauna in conservation area to understanding how this fauna could be stabilized the community structure of organisms in the ecosystems with their act as secondary and tertiary consumers in food web organization. Herpetofauna in this area was captured by visual encounter surveys (VES) method. Eleven species of herpetofauna have been collected from eaglewood conservation area in protected forest of Pusuk, is comprised by four species of amphibians (Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Ingerophrynus biporcatus, Limnonectes dammarmani and Limnonectes kadarsani) and seven species of reptiles (Ahaetulla prasina, Cyrtodactylus petani, Dendrelaphis pictus, Draco volans, Eutropis multifasciata, Gekko gecko, Sphenomorpus melanopogon and Sibynopis geminatus). This animal group plays as a role in maintaining the stability of eaglewood ecosystems by controlling its pest populations such as moth larvae of Heortia vitessodes and white lice of Dysmicoccus brevipes. Based on this research, higher diversity of herpetofauna with varying types of their habitats could be control the varying types of forest tree pests

Geographical Variation in Body Size in the Asian Common Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus).

The geographic variation in life-history traits of organisms and the mechanisms underlying adaptation are interesting ideas in evolutionary biology. This study investigated age and body size of the Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) among five populations along a geographical gradient. We found that geographical variation in age was non-significant among populations but there was a significant and positive correlation between mean age and body size. Although the body size values at 1043 m are quite different from other sites, after controlling for age effects, there was a significant positive correlation between altitude and body size. Our findings followed the predictions of Bergmann's rule, suggesting that the body size of D. melanostictus is potentially influenced by the low air temperatures at higher altitudes.

Identification of anti-tumor constituents from toad skin and toad venom by UPLC-QTOF/MS in-depth chemical profiling combined with bioactivity-based molecular networking

Toad skin (TS) and toad venom (TV) are two different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prepared from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor and Bufo melanostictus Schneider. Both of them were used in the treatment of ulcers, and now they are regarded as animal drugs with anti-tumor activity. However, the comparison analysis between their compositions and anti-tumor active ingredients has not been elucidated clearly. In this study, technology of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) and bioactivity-based molecular networking were applied to investigate the anti-tumor active ingredients of TS and TV. A method of collision energies-relied mass spectrometry combined with molecular networking was initially developed for identifying their chemical components. A combination of Cytoscape and molecular networking was then employed to analyze the prototype constitutes of TS absorbed in rat serum. In addition, cytotoxicity test was applied to evaluate their anti-proliferative activities against human gastric cancer (GC) cells. As a result, a total of 162 compounds were tentatively characterized, and four structural types existed in both TS and TV, including bufogenins, bufotoxins, indolealkylamines (IAAs), and acyl-arginine. Cyclic dipeptides could only be detected in TS, and the total number of bufogenins and bufotoxins in TV was higher than that of TS. Both of them significantly inhibited the viability of SGC7901 cells, and 70% methanol eluate of TS was the most potential active fraction. 44 prototype compounds in TS were identified, from which three types of potential tumor cytotoxic components, including bufogenins, IAAs, and cyclic dipeptides, were predicted. In human GC cells SGC7901, a mixture of nine bufogenins, including bufotalin, cinobufotalin, gamabufotalin, telocinobufagin, cinobufagin, bufarenogin, arenobufagin, hellebrigenin, and desacetylcinobufotalin, was conducted as bioactive components, which exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the cell viability of SGC7901 cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.23 (0.19–0.27, 95%CI) μg/mL. Comparison of their chemical composition and anti-tumor activity reveals that TS might be able to partially replace TV, whilst bufogenins are the potential active ingredients.

Evidence for Expensive Tissue Hypothesis in the Asian Common Toad (<italic>Duttaphrynus melanostictus</italic>)

Evidence for Expensive Tissue Hypothesis in the Asian Common Toad (<italic>Duttaphrynus melanostictus</italic>)

Threat assessment and conservation challenges for the herpetofaunal diversity of Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India

Herpetofauna is an important group of vertebrates with key functions in ecosystem sustenance. Nonetheless, with ever-increasing anthropogenic activities and lack of evidence-based studies, about 80% of the herpetofauna diversity of southern Asian region is threatened. Our study reports 80 herpetofauna species distributed across different habitat types in Dampa Tiger Reserve (DTR), Mizoram. We revise the amphibian list of DTR throughthe addition of seven species and establish the identity of cryptic species such as Microhyla ornata which is actually two distinct species,i.e., M. mukhlesuri and M. mymensinghensis. Through the questionnaire survey, it was found that 90% of the respondents depended on varied forms of forest resources. Herpetofaunal species account for 30% of the faunal resources with Varanus bengalensis, Ophiophagus hannah, and Python bivittatus being the most consumed reptile species. All chelonians and some amphibians like Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Pterorana khare, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Hoplobatrachus litoralis, Hydrophylax leptoglossa, Minervarya asmati, Polypedates teraiensis, and Sylvirana lacrima were also found to be consumed and used for their presumed medicinal values. In addition to hunting, road-kills, use of chemical pesticides, and habitat alteration were recorded to be the prominent threats in the region. The land use and land cover (LULC) data shows a steady recovery of dense forest and a better forest fire scenario as over 90% of the DTR core region falls in the ‘low severity’ and ‘unburned’ category. With continuous alteration in forested areas, the present study will not only provide a fundamental baseline for the conservation of herpetofauna and better management of protected areas but also stimulate future herpetological-based research.