As-rolled Sheets Research Articles

Role of Al content on tensile properties and stretch formability of Mg–Al–Mn alloy sheet produced by continuous hot-rolling

Continuous rolling is a novel cost-effective process to fabricate high-performance Mg alloy sheets with good room-temperature formability, and we investigated the effect of Al content on tensile properties and room-temperature formability of a recently designed Mg–Al–Mn alloy sheet. An excellent combination of tensile 0.2 % proof stress (TPS) and limiting dome height (LDH) was achieved by adding the moderate content of Al (2 % or 4 %). The sheets annealed at a low temperature of 250 °C showed the TPSs of ∼170–180 MPa and LDHs of ∼8 mm. The LDHs further increased to ∼9 mm by the annealing at 350 °C, while moderate TPSs of ∼150–160 MPa were maintained. Further, the sheets had an in-plane isotropy in which the tensile properties along the rolling direction were very similar to those along the transverse direction. The good properties were achieved by fine grain structure with the reduced intensity of the (0001) poles. Indeed, the Elasto-ViscoPlastic Self-Consistent modeling revealed the increase of the activity of the prismatic slip by adding 4 % of Al, while it had a limited effect in improving the stretch formability. Further, we found that the deformation microstructure of the as-rolled sheets became uniform by the 2 % and 4 % Al addition, which would contribute to the reduced intensity of the (0001) poles after the annealing.

Microstructure evolution and twinning behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets with bimodal texture during cold deep-drawing deformation

Cold deep drawing experiments were conducted on AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloy sheets with bimodal texture, which were prepared by the newly developed equal channel angular rolling and continuous bending and subsequent annealing (ECAR-CB-A) process. The results showed that the sheet could be successfully deep-drawn at a limiting drawing ratio (LDR) of 1.6, and the forming performance was better than that of the as-rolled base-texture sheet at room temperature. The microstructure after deep-drawing deformation was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microstructure (OM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). A large number of {10−12} extension twins (ETs) are observed in the outer shoulder region. Due to the bimodal texture, the activated {10−12} ET variants and the basal slip within the matrix have a higher Schmid Factor (SF) value when the outer shoulder region is under radial tensile stress, this enables the shoulder of the drawn cup to maintain good deformability. In addition, some {10−11} contraction twins (CTs) and {10−11}-{10−12} double twins (DTs) can be observed in this region, which is activated by the local strain accommodation between the twins and the slip systems, and the multiaxial stress. Due to different stress conditions, the volume fractions of {10−12} ETs in the inner shoulder region are less than that in the outer region. The stress concentration caused by {10−11}-{10−12} DTs that occurred in the edge region is the reason for the fracture of the drawn cups at a drawing ratio(DR) of 1.7.

Precipitation/recovery kinetics and mechanical properties in rapidly solidified AA6005 AlMgSi sheets via thin strip casting: Effects of casting cooling rate and thermomechanical processing route

Rapidly solidified AA6005 Al-Mg-Si sheets produced via a novel Thin Strip (TS) casting route were characterized and compared with conventional Direct Chill (DC) counterparts for the evolution of microstructure (i.e., precipitation/recovery kinetics) and mechanical properties at various thermo-mechanical tempers. To get to 1 mm final gauge, the DC ingot was homogenized, hot and cold rolled, whereas the TS casting was only cold rolled. After solutionizing (the T4 temper), the final-gauge DC and TS sheets exhibited a similar aging response upon the T6 temper. However, upon artificial aging without solutionizing, termed TSH temper, the as-rolled TS sheets showed a better age hardening kinetics, as manifested in a larger volume fraction of precipitates (primarily β' in this case) and a higher yield strength than the DC sheets (285.1 ± 5.1 MPa vs. 195.2 ± 2.2 MPa, respectively). This was attributed to the higher cooling rates the as-rolled TS sheets experienced during casting; thereby a higher Mg/Si supersaturation in the matrix due to rapid solidification. The TS sheet with the TSH temper exhibited a comparable yield strength to that of the T6 temper, though at a reduced ductility (5.5 ± 0.6% vs. 11.8 ± 0.3% elongation, respectively). Despite with a reduced volume fraction of the hardening precipitates (as compared with the T6 temper), the yield strength of the TS sheet at the TSH temper was compensated for by a considerable amount of remaining cold work from the prior cold rolling stage. Finally, a yield strengths model for the TS-TSH material was developed.

Vacuum melting of compressed powders and hot rolling of the as-cast Ti-48Al-2Nb-0.7Cr-0.3Si intermetallic alloy: Mechanical properties and microstructural analysis

The amalgamated effect of hot-rolling, rapid cooling and heat treatment on the grain refinement and the resultant mechanical properties of an intermetallic sheet of nominal composition Ti-48Al-2Nb-0.7Cr-0.3Si was investigated. The sheet of 4 mm thickness was fabricated by hot-pack rolling from the vacuum arc remelted (VAR) ingot using a conventional two-high rolling mill. After the final rolling pass, the canned specimen was rapidly cooled in the air to room temperature followed by heat treatment in the α + γ region. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the as-rolled sheet revealed slightly elongated grains of a typical “duplex (DP)” microstructure with a mean grain size of about 3 μm which grew to about 4 μm and became more equiaxed and homogeneous after heat treatment. Moreover, the EBSD micro-texture indicated a weak cube texture in the rolled + heat-treated sheet. Furthermore, the results from the profilometry-based indentation plastometry of the rolled + heat treated specimen illustrated the balanced and improved mechanical properties compared to the as-cast and as-rolled samples, and also those of similar alloy systems found in the literature.

Mechanical properties of cryo-rolled aluminium alloy AA2219 at 300, 77 and 20 K

In the present work, AA2219-T87 plates (40 mm thickness) in two different pre-deformation conditions: without solution treatment (WST) and solution treatment (ST) are cryo rolled (at 77 K) into sheets (imparting reduction ratio of ∼97.2%) and rods (reduction ratios of 30, 50 and 70%). The mechanical performance and ageing kinetics of the cryo rolled sheets are compared with cold rolled sheets, to assess any beneficial effect. The as-rolled sheets and rods were subjected to duplex ageing at 175 °C/3 min + 125 °C/8 h, which reduces the effective ageing time by several hours compared to industrially practiced ageing time for peak aged tempers. The microstructures of the ST sheets and rods in as-rolled and peak aged conditions consist of very fine structure with high dislocation density in the form of tangles. Peak ageing treatment generated uniform distribution of semi-coherent θ′ precipitates with slight decrease in dislocation density due to partial recovery of the structure. Tensile properties are evaluated for the sheets and rods in as-rolled and peak aged conditions at ambient (300 K) and cryogenic (77 and 20 K) temperatures. Significant improvement in the strength and ductility values were observed in as-rolled and peak aged conditions for ST sheets and rods, whereas tensile properties in WST condition were significantly lower. The combined effect of suppression of dynamic recovery (DRV), grain size refinement, dislocation strengthening and precipitation hardening from the θ′ precipitates are responsible for achieving optimum strength and ductility balance at temperatures up to 20 K. Based on the outcomes of the present work, severe deformation through cold/cryo/caliber rolling of the ST sheets and rods followed by peak ageing is very effective in improving the cryogenic strength and ductility over conventional processed routes for AA2219 alloy.

Improvement of strength and ductility synergy and the elimination of the yield point phenomenon of ultrafine-grained Mg–Al–Zn–Ag alloy sheet

Strength and ductility synergy in ultrafine-grained AZQ310 alloy sheet was successfully improved at the expense of grain boundary segregation via multi-pass rolling. Before rolling, the as-extruded alloy has high yield strength (TYS, 382 MPa) but poor elongation (4.1%) mainly due to the ultra-fine grains (414 nm) and the co-segregation of Al/Zn atoms at grain boundaries. More importantly, this non-equilibrium segregation dies away during the rolling process, and the sheet exhibits a tensile yield strength of 370 MPa, an ultimate strength of 422 MPa, and an elongation of 9.8% along the rolling direction after 5th pass rolling. The results show that the high strength-ductility synergy is mainly attributed to the ultra-fine grains and residual dislocations. Furthermore, it is surprising that the yield point phenomenon (YPP) prominently in as-extruded sample is weakened and finally eliminated in as-rolled sheets. Microstructure evolution in the room temperature tensile test manifests that the underlying reason for the YPP is the stress-induced grain growth and grain boundary segregation, which in turn expounds the difficulty in the refining of ultrafine-grained Mg alloys by traditional processing methods.

Unusual Spreading of Strain Neutral Layer in AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet during Bending.

In this work, we reported an unusual phenomenon of strain neutral layer (SNL) spreading in an as-rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet during V-bending. The SNL on the middle symmetrical surface perpendicular to the transverse direction (TD) of the sheet extended to the compression region and was accompanied by a mound-like feature. However, the SNL on the side surface perpendicular to the TD was distributed with a parallel band feature. The underlying mechanism was revealed by the finite element (FE) analysis. The results indicate that the three-dimensional compressive stresses in the compression region of the bending samples were responsible for the above phenomenon. Moreover, the area of the SNL in the middle position gradually decreased as the bending test progressed. The findings in this study provide some new insights into the bending deformation behavior of magnesium alloy.

Researches on the Macro- and Micro-Structures and Properties of the Vertical Bending Continuous Casted AA6063 Thin Slabs and Their As-Rolled Sheets

A 6063 aluminum alloy thin slab with a cross-section of 260 × 40 mm2 was prepared by a vertical bending continuous casting (VC) process. The effects of homogenization, hot rolling and subsequent heat treatments on the microstructure and properties of the as-cast slabs and as-rolled sheets were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), field emission electron probe (EPMA), macro- and micro-structure observation and tensile tests. The results show that the as-cast structure of AA 6063 was dominated by fine and uniform equiaxed grains. After homogenization, all Mg2Si phases dissolved back, and the Fe-containing intermetallic phases changed from acicular β-Al5FeSi phase to spherical α-Al8Fe2Si phase. Homogenizing heat treatment before hot rolling can improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. However, in the case of direct rolling without homogenization, the alloy still has good mechanical properties; the strength and plasticity are comparable to that obtained through traditional direct chill (DC) casting, homogenizing and extruding processes, indicating that the VC process has the potential to realize continuous casting and rolling.

Microstructure evolution and recrystallization of Ti-44.5Al-3.8Nb-1Mo-0.2B alloy with different initial microstructure during hot pack rolling

Ti-44.5Al-3.8Nb-1Mo-0.2B alloy (TNM) sheets were prepared by hot rolling, and the effect of the initial microstructure on the process was discussed in this work. The as-received TNM alloy billets with nearly and fully lamellar structures were prepared by forging and casting processes (named M1 and M2), respectively. For the as-rolled sheets from M1, the fraction of recrystallization increased gradually with the decrease of reduction per pass based on GOS analysis. Compared with M1, M2 required a larger deformation to achieve complete recrystallization. Meanwhile, the as-rolled sheets from M2 possessed a smaller grain size than that from M1. In addition, the γ-DRX behavior during the multi-pass hot rolling was discussed, and the DDRX was found to play the dominant role in this process. The phase transformation of β/β0 → α occurred in the 1200 °C rolling process. It was presumed that this transformation was promoted by increasing the rolling temperature, therefore, the volume fraction of the β0 phase decreased. The α2 lath decomposed gradually with the increasing of rolling temperature from 1200 °C to 1250 °C, simultaneously, the combination of the adjacent γ laths resulted in the coarsening of γ lath.

Simultaneously Improving Ductility and Stretch Formability of Mg-3Y Sheet via High Temperature Cross-Rolling and Subsequent Short-Term Annealing.

In this work, Mg-3Y sheet was prepared by high temperature cross-rolling and subsequent short-term annealing. The effect of annealing on microstructure, texture, mechanical properties, and stretch formability of Mg-3Y sheet was primarily investigated. Micro-nano size coexistence of β-Mg24Y5 phases can be well deformed with matrix. The as-rolled Mg-3Y sheet exhibited a homogeneous deformation microstructure consisting of deformed grains with extensive kink bands and dispersed β-Mg24Y5 phases. A double peak texture character appeared in as-rolled Mg-3Y sheet with a split of the texture peaks of about ±20° tilted to rolling direction. After annealing, the as-annealed Mg-3Y sheet presented complete static recrystallized (SRXed) microstructure consisting of uniform equiaxed grains. The texture orientation distribution was more dispersed and a weakened multiple-peak texture orientation distribution appeared. In addition, the maximum intensity of basal plane decreased from 5.2 to 3.1. The change of texture character was attributed to static recrystallization (SRX) induced by kink bands and grain boundaries. The as-annealed Mg-3Y sheet with high Schmid factor (SF) for basal <a> slip, prismatic <a> slip, pyramidal <a> slip, and pyramidal <c+a> slip exhibited high ductility (~25.6%). Simultaneously, enhanced activity of basal <a> slip and randomized grain orientation played a significant role in decreasing anisotropy for the as-annealed Mg-3Y sheet, which contributed to the formation of high stretch formability (~6.2 mm) at room temperature.

Variation of mechanical properties and microstructure of hot-rolled AA2099 Al-Li alloy induced by the precipitation during preheating process

• Precipitation during preheating causes a great variation of mechanical property. • δ’ phase precipitated by rapid heating causes a strong hardening behavior. • T1 phases hinder planar slip causes by δ’ phase to form a uniform microstructure. • Stage heating gave rise to a high strength of rolled sheets with moderate ductility. Preheating is the first step for thermal-mechanical processing of the materials. Several preheating schedules were designed based on industrial manufacturing to explore their effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA2099 Al-Li alloy during the following hot rolling. The results show that the mechanical properties of as-rolled sheets are quite sensitive to preheating. Various types of secondary phases, including δ’, T1 and T2 phases, were precipitated during the heating process. The difference among precipitates is the main reason to induce the variation of mechanical properties for as-rolled sheets. A rapid heating rate gave rise to the precipitation of δ’ phase, which largely promoted yield stress and ultimate tensile strength in as-rolled sheets. T1 phase was more favorable in the preheating with a holding period at 150–250 °C, which caused a moderated strain hardening behavior. Precipitates formed during preheating induced different slip behaviors in the following deformation. The coexistence of T1 and δ’ phase could restrict planar slip, which inhibited the formation of the shear band. The difference in the activity of non-octahedral slips and planar slips determined the strain hardening effect, which should be the reason for the variation of mechanical properties of as-rolled sheets.

The hot rolling deformation performance of as-cast AZ80 magnesium alloy after ultrasonic processing

Aiming at the poor formability of Mg alloys, this work investigated the hot rolling deformation performance and behavior of as-cast AZ80 alloy with ultrasonic processing (UP) using both experiment and finite element method (FEM) simulation. The results reflect that UP refined grains from 876 μm to 215 μm and eliminated the dendrites. The as-rolled sheet without UP had many intersectant shear bands with the appearance of micro-cracks but less DRX than the sheet with UP. The as-rolled sheet with UP had weakened basal texture with the intensity decrease from 14.14 (sheet without UP) to 6.86, and less content of contraction twins and double twins. Many cracks appeared on the surface of the as-rolled sheet without UP at both rolling temperatures of 573 K and 673 K. By contrast, the sheet with UP had a few small edge-cracks at 573 K and no cracks at 673 K. The FEM simulation revealed that as-cast AZ80 with UP required less effective stress and had less damage value during the rolling process than the sheet with UP. The UP presents the ability to refine the as-cast grains and to improve the formability of AZ80 in the subsequent deformation process.

Effect of grain size on fracture behavior of pure magnesium sheet: An in-situ study combined with grain-scale DIC analysis

In this work, a series of in-situ experiments were conducted to study the effect of grain size on fracture behavior of commercial-purity Mg polycrystalline aggregates. For this purpose, pure Mg rolled at 225 °C was annealed at 325 °C and 525 °C, each for 1 h, to acquire different grain structures. Micro specimens of the as-rolled and anneal-treated sheets were subjected to tension in the rolling direction using a micro-tensile loading stage integrated with an optical microscope to discover micro-mechanisms triggering failure at room temperature. Moreover, grain-scale DIC analysis was applied to the optical images taken during tension to quantify strain heterogeneity and plastic anisotropy coefficient in the specimens. It was found that the dominant failure mechanism changes by grain size. In the fine grain sample with an average grain size (AGS) of 13.3 μm, shear bands developed during tension played an important role in the damage. In the sample with intermediate grain size (AGS = 36.1 μm), intergranular fracture took place along surface steps that stemmed from slip-induced grain boundary sliding. In the sample with the largest grains (AGS = 137.2 μm), twin cracking as well as grain boundary decohesion were the primary mechanisms by which failure proceeded. Micro DIC analysis revealed that the formation of steps and twins was accompanied by heavy strain localizations in the microstructure, making them susceptible sites to fracture.

Influence of annealing temperature on microstructure and shape memory effect in austenite-martensite duplex Ni47Ti44Nb9 rolled sheets

The evolution of phase composition and microstructure such as grain size, dislocation and crystallographic texture in austenite-martensite duplex Ni47Ti44Nb9 rolled sheets during the annealing was systematically investigated. The influence of annealing temperature on shape memory effect was also examined. The strong {001} fiber texture tested in as-rolled sheets is identified as a wrong result, which is mistakenly introduced by X-ray Diffractometer, due to the interference of martensite. Different annealing temperatures result in variation of phase composition and microstructure. For instance, in the case of 600 °C, the phase fraction of austenite increases and the dislocations develop to form tiny sub-grains due to reverse martensitic phase transformation and recovery. The texture of NiTi austenite mainly concentrates on {111}〈110〉. In the case of 950 °C, the sub-grains develop to trigger recrystallization, resulting in larger grains and decreasing of dislocations and {111}〈110〉 texture intensity. In addition, the sheets annealed at 600 °C possess higher recoverability than those of 950 °C, which can be attributed to the combined role of grain size, dislocation and crystallographic texture.

Effect of Al Content on Texture Evolution and Recrystallization Behavior of Non-Flammable Magnesium Sheet Alloys

The effect of Al content on the texture evolution and recrystallization behavior of the non-flammable Mg sheet alloys containing Ca and Y was investigated in this study. With a decrease in the Al content from 3 wt.% to 1 wt.%, the amounts of the other alloying elements dissolved in the matrix, especially Ca, are increased. The increase of the alloying elements in a solid solution brought out the retarded recrystallization and weakened texture with the basal poles tilted toward the sheet transverse direction. Extension twinning activity increased when Al content with decreasing, resulting in the texture broadening towards the sheet transverse direction in the as-rolled sheets. The textures of the AZXW1000 and AZXW2000 sheets weaken uniformly in all sample directions during annealing, while the AZXW3000 sheet shows less weakening of the rolling direction split component. The texture weakening of the alloys with lower Al contents is attributed to the retarded recrystallization caused by the larger amount of the dissolved Ca solutes. Based on the non-basal texture and relatively stable grain structure, the Mg alloy sheet containing a relatively small amount of Al is advantageous to improve the formability.

Strength-ductility balance of Mg-1.03Ca-0.47Mn Mg alloy sheet produced by rolling and annealing

In present work, the high strength-ductility balance of Mg-1.03Ca-0.47Mn Mg alloy sheet was successfully fabricated by rolling and annealing. After rolling, though the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of sheet were improved to 235 MPa and 253 MPa, the appearance of deformation-induced grain subdivision mechanism, shear bands and {10–12} extension twins also introduced strong (0001) basal texture with basal pole inclining to rolling direction which led the elongation (EL) decreased to 3.8%. As-annealed sheet occurred static recrystallization which led to the formation of finer grain structure than as-rolled sheet, and the strong (0001) basal texture of as-rolled sheet was transformed into weak (0001) peak texture with basal pole spreading widely along TD. Therefore, as-annealed sheet exhibits high strength-ductility balance with the YS of 235 MPa, UTS of 297 MPa and EL of 16.4%.

Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties of Mg-6Sn Alloy Processed by Differential Speed Rolling.

The effect of shear deformation introduced by differential speed rolling (DSR) on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of Mg-6Sn alloy was investigated. Mg-6Sn sheets were obtained by DSR at speed ratio between upper and lower rolls of R = 1, 1.25, 2 and 3 (R = 1 refers to symmetric rolling). The microstructural and textural changes were investigated by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and XRD, while the mechanical performance was evaluated based on tensile tests and calculated Lankford parameters. DSR resulted in the pronounced grain refinement of Mg-6Sn sheets and spreading of basal texture as compared to conventionally rolled one. The average grain size and basal texture intensity gradually decreased with increasing speed ratio. The basal poles splitting to transverse direction (TD) or rolling direction (RD) was observed for all Mg-6Sn sheets. For the as-rolled sheets, YS and UTS increased with increasing speed ratio, but a significant anisotropy of strength and ductility between RD and TD has been observed. After annealing at 300 °C, Mg-6Sn sheets became more homogeneous, and the elongation to failure was increased with higher speed ratios. Moreover, the annealed Mg-6Sn sheets were characterized by a very low normal anisotropy (0.91–1.16), which is normally not achieved for the most common Mg-Al-Zn alloys.

Development of the fine-grained Mg-0.6Zr sheets with enhanced damping capacity by high strain rate rolling

Fine-grained Mg-0.6Zr sheets are successfully prepared by high strain rate rolling (HSRR) at different strain rates of 10, 20 and 30 s−1. Microstructure, mechanical properties and damping capacity of the as-rolled sheets are carefully investigated. The as-rolled Mg-0.6Zr alloys are featured with average grain size below 10 μm and have only a small amount of dislocation tangles. With the increasing rolling strain rate, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grain size increases and the basal plane texture is weakened, resulting in the increase of damping property but little change in mechanical properties. The damping mechanism of the fine-grained Mg-0.6Zr sheets fits with the Granato-Lücke theory.

Rolling parameters, microstructure control, and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy Ti–44Al–3Nb-(Mo, V, Y) alloy: The impact of rolling temperatures

Flow softening behavior, microstructure evolution and hot working parameters of powder metallurgy Ti–44Al–3Nb-(Mo, V, Y) alloy were systematically studied by isothermal hot compression. Based on the analysis of processing maps and the corresponding microstructure, power dissipation efficiency peak occurred at two domains, which were associated with dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and super-plasticity. Pile-up of high density dislocation and a large number of twins were the primary deformation mechanisms at low temperature and high strain rate. As the temperature increases, fine DRX grains promote the movement and rotation of grain boundary, the softening of β phase and the transformation of β→α/α2+γ above 1200 °C improve the deformation capacity of the alloy significantly. Crack-free TiAl sheets were successfully obtained by direct hot rolling process at 1080 °C and 1220 °C. The corresponding microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed. The sheets rolled at 1080 °C was characterized by near γ (NG)+β0 microstructure with a streamline along the rolling direction, while duplex (DP)+β0 microstructure appeared to be the main microstructure at rolling temperature of 1220 °C. The as-rolled sheet exhibits excellent mechanical properties at 800 °C. The sheet rolled at 1080 °C exhibits 320 MPa yield strength and 468 MPa ultimate tensile strength with 142% elongation. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of the as-rolled sheet are 446 MPa, 586 MPa, and 3.0%, respectively, when rolled at 1220 °C. The excellent ductility of the sample rolled at 1080 °C is attributed to formation of fine DRX grains due to consumption of twins and substructure under tensile stress, which promote grain boundary slip. Lamellar colonies with fine interlamellar spacing and α2 laths formed at 1220 °C can effectively prevent dislocation motion, resulting in a significant increase in the strength of the alloy.

A combined experimental and numerical study on room temperature formable magnesium–silver–calcium alloys

Abstract This work investigated effects of silver (Ag) content on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of magnesium–silver–calcium alloys by a combined experimental and numerical approach. A series of ternary magnesium–silver–calcium alloys with Ag concentrations between 0.3 and 12 wt% were prepared by hot-extrusion, hot-rolling followed by annealing. As-rolled sheets showed rolling direction split textures with double peaks irrespective of the Ag content. A new component where (0002) basal poles tilted from the normal direction toward the transverse direction (TD) appeared when the Ag content was increased to 1 wt% after annealing. The Mg–xAg–0.1Ca (x = 0.3, 1, 2 and 3) alloys showed excellent room temperature (RT) formability, which could be mainly ascribed to weak basal textures developed after annealing. When the Ag content was increased to 6 wt%, a weak TD-split texture with a homogeneous fine-grained microstructure was developed, which resulted in excellent RT formability and high strength. In contrast, the Mg–12Ag–0.1Ca alloy showed much lower RT formability and ductility in comparison with Mg–Ag–Ca alloys with lower Ag concentrations due to the presence of coarse AgMg4 particles. Visco-plastic self-consistent simulation results revealed that the activity of prismatic slip was increased with increasing the Ag content and the enhanced activity of prismatic during rolling may partially lead to the formation of TD-split texture in the formable Mg–Ag–Ca alloys during annealing.