Artificial Wisdom Research Articles

INTELLIGENCE, WISDOM, AI, AW: ARTIFICIAL WISDOM IN COGNITIVE, COMMUNICATIVE AND ACTION PERSPECTIVES

The focus is on the relations between intelligence, Wisdom, Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Wisdom. We elaborate some of the main forms of generation of Wisdom, and the application of Wisdom. This as introduction to preparation of the elaboration and application of AI and AW: Artificial Wisdom and in view of acceptable uses. Special attention is given to self-correcting driven Wisdom, Business Wisdom, Nominalistic Wisdom, Design Wisdom and the question of danger of dehumanisation, decognition and decommunication by AI and even by AW: Artificial Wisdom

REDISCOVERING AND REVIVAL OF WISDOM AND INTRODUCING ARTIFICIAL WISDOM

It is vital that Intelligence as well as AI are to be taken good care of, directed and controlled by Wisdom inclusive by Artificial Wisdom: AW. From this perspective it is useful that one tries to make more and more aspects and forms of wisdom operational. In the past Wisdom received a lot of attention. The last decennia enormous efforts and investments was made on intelligence and AI. Scientific research and attention on wisdom was minimal. A lot of components of wisdom were elaborated in the Sumerian Mesopotamian cultures, in the Indian, Chinese, Persian, Greek, Roman, Islamic cultures… These components of wisdom have still a lot of relevance. The challenge is to search how this wisdom knowhow is still or again relevant ? How to translate these wisdom knowhow into our present cultures, technologies, customs, law, … Moreover it is important to search how and which aspects of the wisdom knowhow can be made operational in view of today challenges, needs, requirements… From the large set of historical wisdom approaches we overview the Sumerian conflict resolution, the Illeism wisdom approach, the traditional multidimensional intelligence aspects of wisdom and the Wisdom fractal frame (WFF) in view of an operational wisdom and AW approach. We make references also to lot of other traditional aspects of wisdom, about which we are confident, that future research on revival of these wisdom aspects will be fruitful for the development of science, culture, wellbeing and euculturalisation.

Fostering Intelligence and AI by an Operational Wisdom and Artificial Wisdom (AW)

Especially in the domains of business and management, it is vital that Intelligence as well as AI are to be taken good care of , directed and controlled by Wisdom inclusive by Artificial Wisdom :AW. This requires that Wisdom and Artificial Wisdom are made operational. In the past Wisdom received a lot of attention. The last decennia enormous efforts and investments was made on intelligence and AI. Scientific research and attention on wisdom was minimal. A lot of components of wisdom were elaborated in the Sumerian Mesopotamian cultures , in the Indian , Chinese Persian, Grec, Roman, Islamic cultures… These components of wisdom have still a lot of relevance. Only they have to be made operational in view of todays challenges, needs, requirements …. From the large set of historical wisdom approaches ( possible targets of other attempts for making them more operational), we overview, the Sumerian conflict resolution, the Illeism wisdom approach and the innovation approach within the Wisdom fractal frame (WFF) in view of elaborating an operational wisdom and artificial wisdom (AW).

Intelligence, AI, ChatGPT, Wisdom, Artificial Wisdom: AW: a Box of Pandora?

In preliminary remarks we look to the challenges concerning cruelty, arbitrariness, hypocrisy between humans and AI? In this perspective we start with elaborating the cultural meaning of the myth of Pandora. In this light we look for the complementarities among intelligence, AI, wisdom and AW: Artificial-Wisdom. We tried to elaborate the difference between these, and to look for the different elaborations, uses and abuses. The problems on the abuses of these methods are more dependent on the features and targets of the human users of these technologies rather than on the features and properties of these technologies. Moreover we pay a lot of attention to the domain dependencies of intelligence- wisdoms forms and features. Finally a conclusion is reached with switching Hesiod’s Box of Pandora into a bridge between Indo-European dualism and Mesopotamian Sumerian Asian Harmony-monism through wisdom and Artificial Wisdom (AW).

Can AI systems become wise? A note on artificial wisdom

Can AI systems become wise? A note on artificial wisdom

COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR MENTAL FACTOR CLASSIFICATION

Artificial Wisdom is advancement of Artificial Intelligence where wisdom should be recognized with the intelligence. Wisdom can be realized by adding values in the positive decisions. This is resulted in to the overall behavior of human being. Behavior can be demonstrated with the help of simulating thought process. Thoughts are generated in the mind along with the mental state. Mental state also known as mental factor is responsible for arousal of different types of thoughts. Ancient Indian cannon Abhidhamm claimed 52 mental factors. These are categorized in three classes such as Ethically Variable Factor, Unwholesome Factor and Beautiful Factor. Proposed computational model of consciousness demonstrates the classification of the mental states. Dataset consists of 445 samples collected from various respondents by asking three questions. Preprocessing is performed by using the techniques of Natural language processing and nonaxiomatic logic. Convolutional Neural Network Machine learning technique applied to classify the mental factors. Performance of the proposed system is measured by applying statistical measures such as Accuracy, Precision, Specificity, Recall and F1-Score. Accuracy for small and large database is obtained as 86.92% and 93.02% respectively.

Quantum Mechanical Postulates towards Realization of Artificial Wisdom on Incorporating Desire in Intelligence: A Hypothetical Study

This paper is a hypothetical study to present postulates to have mathematical formulation towards realization of artificial wisdom. On referring quantum mechanics (QM) a mathematical foundation of wisdom is being defined to have the wisdom machine that can work like creative human. Creation may be defined as the desire to have new. Wisdom is differentiated from intelligence on adding desire. Desire is defined as something more than need on encompassing knowledge of self and unbiased reasoning. Each component of desire has an embedded part that is defined as hallucination need (defined as wandering of mind around unreal, acting with attachments, having deluded mind with egoism, performing as foolish follower). This research is viewing wisdom as the tool-kit to realize the “Survival of the fittest.” That is wisdom allows developing own-self on desire base. QM allows probabilistic approximation of multiple interacting events. Human behavior and creativity is a product of multiple events occurring simultaneously and/or in cascade with mutual interferences. Quantum mechanical interpretation of human behavior may be possible on describing it with dual aspects of desire (conscious or the real need and unconscious or the hallucination need) and uncertainties in simultaneous measurement of them. This paper is presenting nine postulates. These postulates and more to develop in future research may make it possible to mathematically encode human wisdom of creativity, so that there may be artificial wisdom.

Morality in the AI World

Abstract AIs’ presence in and influence on human life is growing. AIs are seen more and more as autonomously acting agents, which creates a challenge to build ethics into their design. This paper defends the thesis that we need to equip AI with artificial conscience to make them capable of wise judgements. An argument is built in three steps. First, the concept of decision is presented, and second, the Asilomar Principles for AI development are analysed. It is then shown that to meet those principles AI needs the capability of passing moral judgements on right and wrong, of following that judgement, and of passing a meta-judgement on the correctness of a given moral judgement, which is a role of conscience. In classical philosophy, the ability to discover right and wrong and to stick to one's judgement of what is right action in given circumstances is called practical wisdom. The conclusion is that we should equip AI with artificial wisdom. Some problems stemming from ascribing moral agency to AIs are also indicated.

Enhancing Artificial Intelligence with Indigenous Wisdom

The current “narrow” or “weak” form of artificial intelligence is, by itself, fundamentally a data analysis tool that does nothing more or less than its programming instructs it to do. It has no values or goals of its own, it simply follows the values and pursues the goals provided to it by its programmers. Artificial wisdom has the potential to make artificial intelligence a better tool and eventually perhaps more than a tool, but at least for now artificial wisdom must also be programmed and therefore similarly reflects only the wisdom of its programmers. Artificial intelligence, with its reductionistic ontology of data and its contrived epistemology of algorithms, is the quintessential product of the Western scientific worldview, and the development and application of artificial intelligence and discussions of artificial wisdom still largely reflect that one, narrow worldview. Artificial wisdom would greatly benefit from incorporating elements of non-Western worldviews, particularly the metaphysically inclusive Indigenous worldview. For example, the Navajo concept of hozho involves the normative values and goals of harmony, balance, interrelatedness, and connectedness. Hozho and other Indigenous concepts are potentially paradigm-shifting additions to artificial wisdom and could greatly enhance the usefulness of and overall benefit from applications of artificial intelligence.

How to make Artificial Wisdom possible.

How to make Artificial Wisdom possible.

Beyond artificial intelligence: exploring artificial wisdom.

The ultimate goal of artificial intelligence (AI) is to develop technologies that are best able to serve humanity. This will require advancements that go beyond the basic components of general intelligence. The term "intelligence" does not best represent the technological needs of advancing society, because it is "wisdom", rather than intelligence, that is associated with greater well-being, happiness, health, and perhaps even longevity of the individual and the society. Thus, the future need in technology is for artificial wisdom (AW). We examine the constructs of human intelligence and human wisdom in terms of their basic components, neurobiology, and relationship to aging, based on published empirical literature. We review the development of AI as inspired and driven by the model of human intelligence, and consider possible governing principles for AW that would enable humans to develop computers which can operationally utilize wise principles and result in wise acts. We review relevant examples of current efforts to develop such wise technologies. AW systems will be based on developmental models of the neurobiology of human wisdom. These AW systems need to be able to a) learn from experience and self-correct; b) exhibit compassionate, unbiased, and ethical behaviors; and c) discern human emotions and help the human users to regulate their emotions and make wise decisions. A close collaboration among computer scientists, neuroscientists, mental health experts, and ethicists is necessary for developing AW technologies, which will emulate the qualities of wise humans and thus serve the greatest benefit to humanity. Just as human intelligence and AI have helped further the understanding and usefulness of each other, human wisdom and AW can aid in promoting each other's growth.

Artificial wisdom: a philosophical framework

Human excellences such as intelligence, morality, and consciousness are investigated by philosophers as well as artificial intelligence researchers. One excellence that has not been widely discussed by AI researchers is practical wisdom, the highest human excellence, or the highest, seventh, stage in Dreyfus’s model of skill acquisition. In this paper, I explain why artificial wisdom matters and how artificial wisdom is possible (in principle and in practice) by responding to two philosophical challenges for building artificial wisdom systems. The result is a conceptual framework that guides future research on creating artificial wisdom.

From Artificial Intelligence to Artificial Wisdom: What Socrates Teaches Us

A critical examination of existential questions may lead developers to design machines with higher forms of artificial intelligence. Infused by their ability to recognize their own ignorance, these machines would display not merely intelligence but wisdom.

Artificial Wisdom? A Potential Limit on AI in Law (and Elsewhere)

Artificial intelligence (“AI”) may soon perform all tasks that belong to the factual realm more effectively than can human beings. AI may become superior—likely far superior—at describing, predicting, and persuading. Its competitive advantage in these pursuits may well extend to legal and judicial practice. Does that mean human participation in the law will be rendered obsolete? Not necessarily. This Essay suggests three propositions may hold true that would justify an ongoing—perhaps permanent—role for human beings: (1) that moral judgment is necessary for legal and judicial practice; (2) that the first person perspective (or subjectivity) is necessary for moral judgment; and (3) that AI is incapable of attaining the first person perspective. After briefly addressing the first two propositions, the Essay focuses on the third. It explores ways in which the best scientific accounts of various phenomena related to the first person perspective—consciousness, free will, and the unified self—seem incompatible with an internal experience of the first person perspective, particularly when it comes to decision-making. AI seems to be a creature of science, suggesting it too may be incompatible with the first person perspective. If so, while we must recognize the staggering potential of artificial intelligence, there is no similar prospect for artificial wisdom. The need for wisdom—understood here as involving moral judgment—preserves a role for human beings in legal decision-making.

Unlocking the Quest for Artificial Wisdom as Integration of Artificial Intelligence with Desire

Wisdom = Knowledge + Desire. Desire = Need - Knowledge of Self - Unbiased Reasoning. Wisdom is the process of dynamic correlations among knowledge quanta (KQ), and desire quanta to generate new knowledge, and desire quanta, that in turn generates new propositions as priori, or, counterbalanced, or self-presenting to have 'true belief de re' to enable belief without sufficient evidence or dis-belief with sufficient evidence. Dynamic correlation procedure is the use of generalizability thesis (GZT) to synthesize inside intelligence improvement loop (IIL). The collection of data, creation of information, crashing of information to KQ and conceiving of KQ in long term memory (LTM) on generation of explicit links to other KQs those are already in existence and subsequent generation of wisdom module to be collected as data is termed as IIL. We may define artificial wisdom (AW) as integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with desire. AI is the p proposition of GZT, desire is the q proposition, and r is the integration operator (INO). Thinking and creation is manifestation of dynamic correlation of desire with knowledge. INO should have two parts - integration process (IP) and integration rules (IR). IP will be the set of propositions to effect the AI to satisfy needs. IP always follows IR to fulfill the growth needs. As per IIL the set of rules or algorithms are the scholar’s capability to reference different KQ simultaneously. The edge of discovery comes from the effectiveness of the parallel processing activities of the multiprocessor environment that again in turn depends on the rules and algorithms defined with propositional knowledge. The thinking capability of AW is to be branched out in 'mutually exclusive and/or inclusive' hardware and software standardizations. The term 'mutually exclusive and/or inclusive' refers a multiprocessor parallel processing system, with simplified linking and loading scheme to work in real time. That is a machine that can behave, think like a human and be trained or else upgraded with very simple instruction sets. This seems to be easier if there is a hardware interpreter for high-level language. It is interpreter because while referencing a KQ for any (possible) remark, KQ will interpret only the present information (focal knowledge with respect to the comprehensive whole for which it is called for).

The quest for artificial wisdom

The term “Contemplative sciences” refers to an interdisciplinary approach to mind that aims at a better understanding of alternative states of consciousness, like those obtained trough deep concentration and meditation, mindfulness and other “superior” or “spiritual” mental states. There is, however, a key discipline missing: artificial intelligence. AI has forgotten its original aims to create intelligent machines that could help us to understand better what intelligence is and is more worried about pragmatical stuff, so almost nobody in the field seems to be interested to join this new effort of contemplative science. In this paper, I would like to accomplish the following: (1) To give a brief description of the field of “contemplative sciences;” (2) To argue why AI should actively join this new paradigm on the study of the mind; and (3) To set up a research program on artificial wisdom: that is to design computational systems that can model at least some relevant aspects of human wisdom.

A new concept of knowledge

At this time, not all of the versions and definitions of the concept of knowledge have been compiled within the scope of science. It is not the object of knowledge but rather the subject that knows, or in other words, the cognitive ability of the subject The process is as follows: to produce information, and on the basis of that information, to produce knowledge, and on the basis of that knowledge, wisdom. In the context of globalisation of information, the memory was the method of knowing. The organisation, processing and retrieval of information tend to take on a structure and design according to the information‐processing model of the human mind. This discontinuity is made up of the new forms of artificial knowledge and artificial wisdom. The pillars of the new society of knowledge are settling on the basis of productivity and utility, and this has turned knowledge into nothing more than productive information.

Variable-frequency stimulation patterns for the optimization of force during muscle fatigue. Muscle wisdom and the catch-like property.

Muscle wisdom is the process whereby the activation rates of motor units are modulated by the central nervous system to optimize the force during sustained voluntary contractions. During maximal voluntary contractions the activation rates decline as the muscle fatigues. No similar decline has been observed during submaximal contractions. Subsequent chapters explore the potential mechanisms for muscle wisdom. In this chapter, a historical background on the development of ideas on muscle wisdom is first presented. Next, artificial wisdom, the procedure used to optimize force during an electrically imposed tetanus by progressively reducing the stimulation frequency as the muscle fatigues, is discussed. Finally, recent studies are described in which fatigue was delayed and reduced by the use of variable-frequency stimulus trains that elicit the catch-like property of muscle.