Artificial Creations Research Articles

Study on AI Generated Fake-Media Detection

The rapid growth of AI-generated images, especially with techniques such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), has complicated the ability to tell apart genuine content from artificial creations. This issue is vital for preserving the authenticity of visual media, where conventional detection methods often struggle. Current detection approaches concentrate on machine learning and deep learning techniques, including neural networks (CNNs). These methods aim to reveal subtle flaws and irregularities in images, like inconsistencies in pixel distribution and lighting, which serve as critical signs of AI involvement. The research emphasizes the necessity for ongoing development in detection technologies to keep up with the quick progress of AI advancements. Ensuring that these detection methods are accurate and dependable is crucial for protecting against misinformation and maintaining confidence in digital content. This paper reviewed Deepfake detection system.

Is artificial intelligence an opportunity for inclusive education? A case study in a fully online university

Artificial intelligence in education has emerged as an opportunity to facilitate teaching and learning, especially in learning environments mediated by technology, such as online higher education. Despite its growing prominence, there is a lack of empirical research analysing how artificial intelligence affects inclusive education. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the perspectives and viewpoints of online course designers on leveraging these technologies to promote equal participation for all learners. Twelve professors participated in semi-structured interviews that were subsequently analysed through thematic analysis. The findings encompass two main themes. On one hand, the use of artificial intelligence in education as a tool for inclusive education within a human-centric pedagogy. Participants are cautious about using artificial intelligence to replace human work but recognise its potential contribution to facilitate content accessibility and comprehension. On the other, the adoption of a new approach for learning and assessment based on reflection and metacognition. Our participants‟ strategies include modifying some assessment practices when designing their courses for enabling learners to compare artificial intelligence creations, although they also highlight the lack of knowledge on using these technologies. Therefore, shifting to an assessment approach based on strengthening metacognition, reflection, and critical thinking skills emerges as a means to promote learners‟ inclusion supported by artificial intelligence. Our study also emphasises the importance of promoting artificial intelligence literacy for both professors and learners to effectively incorporate these technologies in the educational processes.

Research on Rights Ownership of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content

The AI-generated content that has emerged in recent years is at least formally original compared to traditional works. If such generated content is allowed to exile the market, its potential market effect and industrial interests make it difficult for us to ignore the existence of such generated content. From the perspective of copyright incentive, on the basis of the impersonal nature of artificial intelligence creations and the two-element theory of copyright nature in China, we separate the property rights of works, protect them as property rights alone, and allocate the property rights of works around investors.

Problematization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as Creator of the Work: "Implications in the Context of Copyright"

The development of Artificial Intelligence today is increasingly rapid. Artificial Intelligence is able to process and collect data to carry out a task efficiently and accurately, as well as being creative and flexible, so that AI can produce work independently. However, the use of Artificial Intelligence cannot be separated from providing data in the form of works protected by copyright. This article discusses the concept of Artificial Intelligence in Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and the problems that exist, namely the use of works protected by copyright as data for Artificial Intelligence creations. This research is normative juridical research with a conceptual approach and a statutory approach carried out by examining existing doctrines and applicable regulations. According to the provisions of Copyright Law in Indonesia, Artificial Intelligence cannot yet be categorized as the creator of a creation because it is not a legal subject, and the use of a creation to utilize Artificial Intelligence in the creative field must still respect and respect the creative work by obtaining permission from the creator of the creation.

The Copyright Protection Issue of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Creations: A Dialectical Analysis of Law and Practice

This article discusses the issue of the nature of works generated by artificial intelligence similar to ChatGPT and the protection of copyright laws. The author first analyzes the content of artificial intelligence generated products or the provisions on the nature of works in major national laws. This article further analyzes the legal practices of various countries in the qualitative analysis of artificial intelligence generated works based on cases of artificial intelligence copyright in different countries. We explored two theoretical perspectives regarding the copyrightability of two types of artificial intelligence-generated works. The first perspective emphasizes the absence of unique individuality in artificial intelligence creations and highlights the discord between the objectives of copyright law and the essence of artificial intelligence-generated works. In contrast, we delved into supportive viewpoints that underscore the potential legal basis for copyright in machine-generated works, the originality introduced by artificial intelligence, and the involvement of humans in the creative process. As the artificial intelligence industry matures, it underscores the necessity for effective legislative actions to fortify the existing legal framework, adapting it to the ever-evolving domain of AI-driven creativity. This approach is pivotal for fostering innovation while concurrently safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of artificial intelligence creators and users.

Human-generated scientific manuscripts misidentified as artificial intelligence creations by the artificial intelligence text detection tool: Comment

Human-generated scientific manuscripts misidentified as artificial intelligence creations by the artificial intelligence text detection tool: Comment

Deepfake Attacks: Generation, Detection, Datasets, Challenges, and Research Directions

Recent years have seen a substantial increase in interest in deepfakes, a fast-developing field at the nexus of artificial intelligence and multimedia. These artificial media creations, made possible by deep learning algorithms, allow for the manipulation and creation of digital content that is extremely realistic and challenging to identify from authentic content. Deepfakes can be used for entertainment, education, and research; however, they pose a range of significant problems across various domains, such as misinformation, political manipulation, propaganda, reputational damage, and fraud. This survey paper provides a general understanding of deepfakes and their creation; it also presents an overview of state-of-the-art detection techniques, existing datasets curated for deepfake research, as well as associated challenges and future research trends. By synthesizing existing knowledge and research, this survey aims to facilitate further advancements in deepfake detection and mitigation strategies, ultimately fostering a safer and more trustworthy digital environment.

Research on Copyright Protection of Works Generated by ChatGPT

There has been a debate about whether ChatGPT should have copyright. On the one hand, some people believe that AI creations meet the protection requirements of the Copyright Law, and their creative ability and creativity are comparable to those of human creators; On the other hand, there are also those who disagree, arguing that artificial intelligence, as a machine, lacks the qualities of perception and emotion, cannot be treated on an equal footing with human creators, and therefore should not enjoy copyright. In addition, the global legislative status and controversy regarding the copyright ownership of artificial intelligence is also an issue worthy of concern. This article will explore the essential difference between human authors' works and ChatGPT creations, so as to determine whether ChatGPT and other artificial intelligence should enjoy copyright at the legal level. The protection of artificial intelligence copyright is conducive to the more effective and convenient development of the creative field of this era, and artificial intelligence creations can also expand human creative capabilities to a certain extent, human authors do not need to reject artificial intelligence too much, artificial intelligence as a tool, but will create greater commercial value.

Infoautopoiesis and consciousness

There is a need to demystify the concept of information to understand consciousness from a fundamental perspective. This is possible to do using the explanatory potential of infoautopoiesis or the process of self-production of information. Infoautopoiesis allows a human organism-in-its-environment to uncover the bountifulness of matter and/or energy as expressions of their environmental spatial/temporal motion/change, i.e., as information or Batesonian differences which make a difference. Leading to the realization that self-produced information is not a fundamental quantity of the Universe. Rather, it is internally generated and subsequently externalized information relevant to individuated satisfaction of physiological and/or relational needs of the human organism-in-its-environment. Sensorial percepts play an important role in making the external environment meaningful. Individuated, internal, inaccessible, semantic information is the essence of consciousness, and may be externalized or syntactically shared with others using gestures, pictographs, language, music, figurines, writing. We create and live in an environment surrounded by our syntactic, artificial creations, since self-produced information is the primary element that allows humans their unique existence.

Talos, Pandora, and the Trojan Horse as Products of Technology in Ancient Literature and Art

The bronze robot Talos and the artificial woman Pandora are the earliest automatons in Greek mythology, first described by Hesiod in about 700 BC. In some ancient sources, the Trojan Horse was depicted as an animated statue. All three artificial creations were illustrated in vase paintings and other art. Significantly, writers and artists visualized these self-moving entities, not as results of magic, but as marvelous artifacts fabricated with familiar materials and implements. This paper shows how the crafted natures of Talos, Pandora, and the Trojan Horse, emphasized in literary descriptions, were confirmed in artistic representations alluding to the use of technology and tools, in unexpected ways.

Human Development and Alienation

Alienation arose at a certain stage in the development of human society, when in place of an whole person who controls their social relations and the products of their labor, there arose a person whose inventions and desires suddenly break away and start dominating them, thereby reversing cause and effect. The consequence is that artificial things and institutions created by people for their own benefit and to improve human relations, break away from their creators who in turn begin to deify those artificial creations. Only when people realize that both the entirety of social relations and everything humans have created is the product of their own labor and therefore belongs to them, will they be able to establish true control over those creations. As a result, all these creations and institutions will be directed towards human development, critical thinking, personality, emotional growth, etc. - in short, all the attributes that make a person whole.

Artificial intelligence from the perspective of polish intellectual property law. Selected issues

Keywords: artificial intelligence, intellectual property law, copyright, industrialproperty law, computer programs
 In Poland, as in other countries, there is an ongoing discussion on legal issues related to artificial intelligence. Formany people, there is no doubt that this intelligence should be protected. The problem rather narrows down to what conditions must be met for this protection. Some Polish scientists want to wait for solutions to be developed in the European Union.Poland, as a member state of the European Union, must respect the regulations emerging at the EU level. These regulations are only being planned. There is a certain risk in introducing new regulations in Poland without waiting for EU solutions.It could turn out that the laws adopted by Poland would be incompatible, not in compliance with European law.On the other hand, the software producers' communities are pushing for the introductionof relevant legislation now. They claim that this is needed to protect the funds that are being invested in artificial intelligence in Poland. In their view, without proper legislation, investors will reduce financial support for the developmentof artificial intelligence. In fact, however, the computer manufacturers' communityis not at all concerned with protecting 'mere' artificial intelligence. It is protected in Poland and can be provided by copyright law in particular. The most important issue in Poland already relates to the protection of creations generatedby artificial intelligence. This is in fact what the computer software development community and beyond cares most about.However, the protection of creations of artificial intelligence is not only about benefits, but also about threats. This will be discussed further in the article. Some lawyers are considering how to interpret the existing legislation so that the protectionof artificial intelligence creations is already possible. They want to use existing theoretical constructs to justify this protection.

The Central Dogma of Information

Info-autopoiesis or the self-referenced, recursive, interactive process of information self-production that engages all living beings in their efforts to satisfy their physiological and/or relational needs relies on Bateson’s difference which makes a difference. Living beings, as active manipulators/observers of their environment, derive meaning from the sensorially detected motion of matter and/or energy in the Universe. The process of info-autopoiesis in humans is found to be triadic in nature and incorporates the simultaneity of a quantitative/objective perspective with a qualitative/subjective perspective. In this process of meaningful engagement with the environment, humans create and transform endogenous semantic information into countless expressions of exogeneous syntactic information, which is synonymous with ordered material structure and artificial creation. Other humans can interpret exogeneous syntactic information and uniquely transform it into semantic information that can take multifarious forms. This asymmetrical process is the basis to postulate the central dogma of information that states ‘info-autopoiesis results in endogenous semantic information that irreversibly becomes exogeneous syntactic information’. In other words, once the artificial, syntactic world, including machines, created by humans comes into being it can only be interpreted by others, i.e., it does not necessarily convey the same intended meaning to all. Additionally, these artificial creations only recognize, extract, create, transmit, preserve, store, and utilize syntactic information, unable to transform syntactic information into semantic information. In other words, our resourceful capacity for syntactic creation does not allow for creation of artificial beings with comparable capabilities as us for meaning making. It suggests that our dreams for sentient artificial general intelligence and superintelligence are misguided and parallel the central dogma of molecular biology which states that ‘once (sequential) information has passed into protein it cannot get out again’.

Parasocial interactions with real and virtual influencers: The role of perceived similarity and human-likeness

Digitally created online celebrities (so-called virtual influencers) have appeared on various social media and video streaming platforms. While the scientific community has recently started to take an interest in this new phenomenon, it still remains mostly unclear how online audiences engage with—and relate to—these artificial digital creations. To address the identified research gap, we conducted a preregistered experiment ( N = 179), comparing viewers’ parasocial interactions (PSIs) with either a human or a virtual influencer. Based on natural stimuli, we find that viewers’ parasocial response does not differ significantly between the two groups. However, by focusing on several theoretically relevant mediator variables, we uncover two opposing effects at play: While a significant direct effect signifies stronger PSIs with the virtual influencer, participants also attribute this persona with less mental human-likeness and similarity to themselves—which ultimately suppresses the observed advantage. Potential explanations for our results are discussed.

Механоморфизм: от механической куклы к киборгам. Трансформация анимационного персонажа в условиях доминирования техногенной парадигмы

The article studies the evolution of animated characters, which is influenced by the technocratic ideas and is based on the integration of human and artificial. There are such types of characters as doll, puppet, mechatron, robot, cyborg or artificial person (posthuman). The duality inherent in them is manifested, on the one hand, in the desire of an artificial creature to imitate a human being, and, on the other hand, in the desire of a human being to partly become a machine in order to overcome the biological imperfection. The ambivalent nature of created beings gives rise to conflicting feelings: from amusement and admiration to detachment, confusion and fear. While humans remain the point of reference in the development of such characters, the position of people in relation to artificial creations is changing. Until the 1960s–1970s, the dominant characteristic in the animation of artificial creatures was the desire to make them look more like biological beings. By the end of the twentieth century, the tendency changed to shifting away from human identity or to offering other variations of it. The reason for this is the pedaling of the idea of human imperfection, against which artificial creatures seem to be closer to the ideal. Not only has the position of the artificial towards the human altered: the distance between the two is also reducing, and they even come towards the point of convergence. Artificial beings appear as more perfect creatures, the main function of which is to save and preserve humans as a species.

The Copyrightability and Ownership Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Creations

The rapid development of artificial intelligence inevitably poses an impact on the old legal system, while in the field of intellectual property, the copyright differences caused by artificial intelligence creations are more violent and urgent. In practice, there is a great disagreement on whether artificial intelligence creations belong to the object of copyright, and the debate on the subject of copyright is more intense. Starting from the purpose and object of copyright protection, the traditional concept of a work has been greatly revised, and “ideological” is no longer an important criterion for the originality of a work. Starting from the dichotomy of “thought” and “expression,” artificial intelligence already possesses “ingenuity” in creations, and the development of artificial intelligence also requires copyright protection of its creations. Compared with other entities, investors and transferees as capital contributors need more copyright protection in the early stage of industrial development, and they should also bear the relevant responsibilities in the process of creation of works.

Reliquien jener grossartigen Bewegung

Scholarly research on the history of the Hanse rests on two massive pillars: The Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetage (HR) and the Hansisches Urkundenbuch (HUB), in which the sources for the deliberations of the Hanseatic Diet and for Hanseatic commerce respectively are published. However, these two series are artificial creations, which sprung from the mind of their 19th century editors and their mentors. After all, the Hanse was a loose-jointed organisation which never established a central repository for its own documents or systematically collected disparate materials in one place. How, then, did the 19th century editors come to conceive of these two monumental series without anything in the past to guide them? This article investigates the editors’ approach and methods, their criteria of selection and their editing principles. One can only conclude that both series had massive defects, even by the standards of their time. Their editors were clearly guided by the 19th century’s highly politicized historiography. Far from giving a balanced, representative view of the Hanseatic past, they are disturbingly skewed, clearly intended to mould the published record to fit the political agenda of their times. This fact, little noticed by subsequent historians, has had far-reaching consequences for scholarly endeavors up to the present day.

Transhumanistic Aspects of the Artificial Life Mythologeme in the Folktales of Premodern

The purpose of the article is to study mythological transhumanism in the context of the problem of artificial life in the folktales of premodern. The research methodology in the field of cultural studies is based on the comparative mythology, genetic method, as well as structural, semiotic, hermeneutic, and axiological analysis. The criterion for selecting plots for analysis in this article is the category of artificial life created with the help of technology (everyday household practices, craft, magic, etc.), as opposed to birth or revival solely by the order of the demiurge. This paper argues that transhumanistic intentions of humanity are already represented in mythological and traditional thinking. The study showed a frequent use of the motive of the creation of artificial life by a person in folktales. This suggests that transhumanistic thinking may be universal in culture. The peculiarities of the representation of the problems of artificial life in the traditional consciousness are revealed. It was found that folktales about the creation of artificial life from natural materials are related with animism, totemism, and magical ideas. It was found that the mythological creation of artificial life by a demiurge has an invariant in the folk tales. It is the implementation of the transhumanistic act of human creation of artificial life with the help of technologies (everyday household practices, craft, magic). The image of an ordinary head of the household, artisan, master reflects the archetype of the demiurge-creator, the Magician, while the image of an artificial creation reflects the archetype of the Doll who Came to Life. The “man–god” and “alive–dead” binary opposition is blurred in traditional thinking. Quasi-parents treat their artificial creations resemble ordinary children. At the same time, the status of a quasi-child is interpreted ambiguously: as a blessing for quasi-parents, as a curse, or in a neutral way. We found out the reasons why folktales about the creation of artificial life often have a negative ending.

A theory of ‘authorship transfer’ and its application to the context of Artificial Intelligence creations

This article aims to contribute to the copyright debate concerning Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) creations. AI-created works could and should be protected by copyright law. However, existing answers to the issue of allocation of authorship remain somewhat unsatisfactory. A reasonable and practical solution to this issue, fortunately, could be established upon the doctrine of ‘authorship transfer’ (the initial transfer of authorship from the actual creator to a constructive author) in modern copyright law. The ‘control of the creative process’ theory can provide a reasonable and justifiable explanation of ‘authorship transfer’. The person, either a natural or a juridical one, who has exercised sufficient control over the creative process, should be constructed as an author of the outcome. This theory is quite flexible before the ever-changing AI technology that challenges copyright law. For AI-created works, the authorship is better transferred to a person behind the AI who had control over the creative process in order to safeguard the current copyright system and its founding principles.

The Age of AI: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Humanity

The Age of AI: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Humanity