Articles In Professional Journals Research Articles

The role and place of arthroscopy in the early diagnosis of monoarthrosis (literature review)

Background. Knee osteoarthritis is a progressive incurable disease that in severe cases leads to total joint replacement, which requires significant economic costs and medical and social adaptation, has a number of postoperative complications and adverse outcomes. Therefore, special attention has recently been paid to the prevention and treatment of the early stages of the disease. The purpose of the study was to conduct a systematic analysis of scientific literature on the prospects and possibilities of using arthroscopy in the early diagnosis of monoarthrosis. Material and methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for 2010–2024 using the following medical subject headings and keywords: “deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint”, “osteoarthritis of the knee joint”, “unilateral deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint”, “unilateral osteoarthritis of the knee joint”, “gonarthrosis”, “monoarthrosis”, “arthroscopy”, “diagnosis”, “treatment”. If necessary, literature sources beyond the search period were used in some cases. A general search revealed 48 references on the use of arthroscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in the early stages of monoarthrosis. The primary exclusion concerned the literature in which arthroscopy was used for the diagnosis and treatment of late-stage knee osteoarthritis (n = 38). The secondary exclusion included literature sources that contained only background information (summary, figures, references) (n = 12). As a result, only relevant full-text articles in professional journals remained (n = 15). Results. The lack of correlation between clinical symptoms and radiological signs of knee osteoarthritis causes low availability of orthopaedic care: more than 30 % of newly diagnosed patients have a severe stage of the disease, and in some cases the pathology is detected only in connection with the manifestation of complications; the diagnosis of osteoarthritis due to a large percentage of painless development of the disease (40 %) is often established at terminal stages. All of this suggests the need for further research into the various factors that influence the frequency, prevalence, economic and social burden of knee osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy is potentially the gold standard for validating non-invasive assessment methods such as magnetic resonance imaging, as it provides high magnification and direct view of articular cartilage with non-destructive interactive assessment of its structure and functional properties. Arthroscopy allows for a more detailed description of the depth and extent of lesions, as well as the detection of subtle changes such as cartilage softening, fibrillations, and tangential peeling. Clinical symptoms and structural changes in the knee joint elements visualised during arthroscopy in patients with monoarthrosis are covered in a few studies, some of which were published 10 years ago. The results of modern arthroscopic studies can be an important contribution to the development of diagnostic and differential diagnostic criteria for the early stages of monoarthrosis. Conclusions. Based on information and analytical studies of modern scientific literature, it has been found that knee osteoarthritis is accompanied by persistent pain, significant limitation of the lower limb function, and reduced ability to work, which often leads to joint replacement. Diagnosis of osteoarthritis in the early stages is difficult due to the absence of pathognomonic clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters, and in case of monoarthrosis with synovitis, it is complicated by differentiation with specific arthritis of the knee joint. Arthroscopy allows performing the necessary scope of diagnostic and therapeutic measures with verification of the pathological process and determination of gonarthrosis stage.

Drivers of changing cropping patterns in Nepal: A review

This paper reviews various aspects of drivers of changing cropping patterns in Nepal based on secondary data sources. Data were acquired from Google Scholar and Research Gate database 32 relevant professional journal articles in between 2000-2022 were intensively reviewed. The drivers of changing cropping patterns are complex and interrelated in the farming system. Spatial analysis of cropping patterns of different geographical scales shows that cropping pattern is an integral part of a behavioral focus to reflect the space relation of the community people. The drivers of changing cropping patterns are numerous and intricately linked. It is challenging to gauge the relative significance of the effects ascribed to each scale of the driver or the interactions between them at any particular geographic region. The study revealed that there are several types of drivers for changing cropping patterns. Among these various types of drivers, the theme of technological advancement/inputs, climate change, infrastructural development, road connectivity, and market demand play prominent roles in changing cropping patterns however other drivers such as off-farm employment, agriculture service extension/training, government policies, population growth/change/migration (rural to urban; international.), are also remarkable in this studies. In the Nepalese context, this study indicates that the more prominent role playing drivers of changing cropping patterns are technological advancement /inputs, infrastructural development and road connectivity, and market demand and climate change however land degradation and government policies also play a role to shifting cropping patterns. These all drivers interact and link with each other, leading to changing cropping patterns in Nepal.

How to Conduct a Review of the Literature

A review of the literature is a summary of the current understanding of a specific topic or condition that serves to educate and/or aid the reader by presenting and synthesizing previously published scholarly sources. This article discusses how to conduct a literature review using current databases to collect and evaluate a range of sources, such as peer-reviewed professional and academic journal articles and textbooks and organize findings into a manuscript.

Reflections on Leonard J. Arrington

Reflections on Leonard J. Arrington

“As a clinician, you have to be passionately involved”: Advocacy and professional responsibility in gender-affirming healthcare

Previous research has studied how clinicians such as physicians, nurses, social workers, and nutritionists understand advocacy as a professional responsibility. Analyses have typically focused on individual healthcare professions and have viewed ambiguity around the conceptualization of advocacy as detrimental. Little research has considered how multiple professions within a single field of healthcare interpret clinician advocacy, nor how ambiguity might be productive in a multidisciplinary field. This article addresses these gaps by utilizing science and technology studies scholarship on buzzwords to analyze how clinicians in the field of gender-affirming healthcare have come to understand advocacy as a professional responsibility despite significant ambiguity around the goals, tactics, and targets of advocacy. Gender-affirming healthcare refers to any kind of physical or mental healthcare that transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people obtain to affirm their gender identity. Drawing on interviews with 30 U.S. clinicians, observation of nine transgender health conferences, and content analysis of 202 professional journal articles and 11 professional association statements, I argue that ambiguity around advocacy has been key to its uptake as a responsibility across multiple professions in this field. Foregrounding interview data, I show how polysemy allows clinician respondents across professions to reassert their expertise as they delineate what constitutes good gender-affirming healthcare and defend the emergent field in three problem domains: health insurance, the marginalization of TGD people, and the legality of gender-affirming healthcare. I also demonstrate how theoretical work on buzzwords explains why three clinician respondents rejected advocacy as a professional responsibility.

Offsite Construction Methods—What We Learned from the UK Housing Sector

Offsite construction has become popular in recent times due to the numerous benefits it offers compared to traditional construction methods. This paper explores the different offsite construction methods, the motivations for adopting these approaches, and the cost-effectiveness of these methods in the UK housing sector using multiple case studies. Firstly, the literature and data were obtained from various sources including professional body reports, industry reports, government websites, and journal articles. Following the review, twelve completed housing projects from the UK which used offsite construction approaches were analyzed. The review of these projects showed that different offsite methods were used in these projects. These include Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs), Timber Frames, Precast Concrete, Steel Frames, Volumetric Construction, Gyproc Habito Plasterboards, and Light Gauge Steel (LGS) technology. The key motivations for adopting offsite construction in these projects include the speed of construction, durability of the products, aesthetic considerations, thermal quality, low air leakage requirements, and quality of construction. Of the 12 cases, only two recorded a higher cost for the offsite construction method compared with the alternative using traditional approaches. The outputs of this paper provide evidence-based strategies which would inform practitioners on the best practices for adopting offsite construction methods and what to expect.

Development and validation of a tool for advising primiparous women during early labour: study protocol for the GebStart Study

IntroductionPregnant women experience early labour with different physical and emotional symptoms. Early admission to hospital has been found to be associated with increased intervention and caesarean section rates. However, primiparous...

The relationship between anal disease and quality of life: a bibliometric study.

BackgroundAnal disease has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL), and surgical treatment may further diminish QoL. The purpose of this study was to conduct bibliometric analysis to investigate the profile of studies on anorectal disease-related QoL.MethodsThe database of Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) in Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) was searched. The search terms were “anal diseases” and “quality of life”. The bibliometrix package of R software was used to analyze the literature on anorectal diseases and QoL. The content of the analysis included the following: the number of papers published in this field by each country, the cooperation relationship between countries, the number of papers published by institutions, the cooperation relationship between institutions, the number of papers published by researchers, the cooperation relationship between researchers, the citations of researchers, the number of articles published in journals, and the use of keywords.ResultsA total of 1,130 related research literature records were retrieved in this study. An annually increasing trend was detected in the number of published papers and the number of citations. Developed countries in Europe and America, mainly the United States, the United Kingdom (UK), and Germany, were in a leading position in this field. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Mayo Clinic in the United States, St. Mark’s Hospital in the UK, and the University of Toronto in Canada were the leading research institutions in this field. The top 3 researchers with the most published papers were Feza H. Remzi, Bo Shen, and Victor W. Fazio. Collaboration among researchers was clustered. There were more high-quality related articles in professional journals of anal diseases. The use of keywords suggested a temporal change in research focus, but randomized controlled studies were found to be lacking.ConclusionsAsian countries should participate in more collaborative research projects in the field of anorectal disease, and more randomized controlled studies should be conducted overall.

The doctor and his patients: the intergenerational dispute concerning the ideal physician, the Czech Lands 1840s-1890s

In the second half of the 19th century, the professionalization of the medical field took place in the Czech Lands, then part of Austria-Hungary. The physicians’ aim was to eliminate their rivals such as charlatans, folk healers, and other alternative healers, but they also strove to regulate competition among colleagues. In this period, which can be described as a period of therapeutic ni- hilism, a new generation of physicians emerged in the Czech Lands who tried to promote and apply new medical knowledge to everyday practice in the medical market. In practice, however, it was very hard for this innovative group of young medics to defend their scientific approach and their professional honor from the demands of patients, on whose monetary reward they and their families depen- ded. The article argues that there was a dispute between the older and younger generation of physicians over the ideal of the physician and his honor. This hy- pothesis is based on a discursive analysis of medical manuals for laymen penned mostly by physicians, so-called «house physicians», and of articles in professional journals published by local physicians in the Czech language. The conflict is illus-trated by examples of bloodletting and drug prescriptions.

Open-Access Academic Articles Requires Peer-Review Makeover: Consistency Is the Key

The internet has greatly altered the way that people and institutions communicate. One of the most recent changes is the growth of the Open Access (OA) model, where research articles are provided free of charge to readers online. Such changes are having a domino effect on traditional communication. In most cases, articles in professional journals have been evaluated by a strict peer-review system. However, due to the inherent problems with these peer reviews, such as the length of time it takes referees to complete their analysis and the reviewer’s personal biases and potential unethical behavior, there is a growing consensus that a different review method needs to be developed for OA articles. In addition, the internet has led to the development of many new professional journals, which range from poor to excellent, based on the articles accepted. Unfortunately, some journals are being published solely for monetary gain from high author fees.Presently, different review methods are being suggested or implemented for articles, such as ranking systems, online commentaries and crowdsourcing, Also, various institutions are publishing lists that rate academic journals on their quality level. Such experimentation of review models is important. However, after the trial period, the primary OA sources need to agree on using the same review model. Consistency of evaluation is critical for readers to be able to make objective comparisons of scholastic articles from one OA site to another.

The Diffusion of Participatory Planning Ideas and Practices: The Case of Socialist Yugoslavia, 1961-1982

Although both praised and contested for its advanced conceptual elaboration and ineffective practical implementation, respectively, participatory planning has largely been considered a Yugoslav national legacy and a point of diversification compared with other similar contexts. However, there has been little research on the roots and features of public participation as observed through the lens of international influences on Yugoslav spatial and urban planning. By identifying the main channels (professional networks and events) and nodes (planning organizations and documents) in the diffusion of participatory planning ideas at both the international and national levels, we trace the evolution of citizen participation discourse in Yugoslavia. Based on archival research of the relevant documents (selected articles in professional journals, decrees, and plans), the paper examines the authenticity of the concept of citizen participation in Yugoslavia to, finally, elucidate the specificities of its implementation in the context of socialist self-management.

The Diffusion of Participatory Planning Ideas and Practices: The Case of Socialist Yugoslavia, 1961-1982

Although both praised and contested for its advanced conceptual elaboration and ineffective practical implementation, respectively, participatory planning has largely been considered a Yugoslav national legacy and a point of diversification compared with other similar contexts. However, there has been little research on the roots and features of public participation as observed through the lens of international influences on Yugoslav spatial and urban planning. By identifying the main channels (professional networks and events) and nodes (planning organizations and documents) in the diffusion of participatory planning ideas at both the international and national levels, we trace the evolution of citizen participation discourse in Yugoslavia. Based on archival research of the relevant documents (selected articles in professional journals, decrees, and plans), the paper examines the authenticity of the concept of citizen participation in Yugoslavia to, finally, elucidate the specificities of its implementation in the context of socialist self-management.

Interview with professor of philosophy Hans-Martin Sass. November 15-18, 2020

Hans-Martin Sass, Honorary Professor of Philosophy (Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany). Founder and board member of the Centre for Medical Ethics (CME), Bochum, Germany. Honorary Senior Research Fellow at Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Honorary Professor of the Bioethics Research Centre, Beijing. He has written more than 60 books and pamphlets, more than 250 articles in professional journals. Editor of the Ethik in der Praxis/ Practical ethics, Muenster: Lit. Founder and co-editor of the brochures “Medizinethische Materialien”, Bochum: ZME. He has lectured in Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Brazil, Canada, Croatia, the Chech Republic, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, France, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland and Taiwan. The interview devoted to exposition of the concept of bioethics in America and Germany, as well as the professor`s attitude to the idea of the integrative concept of bioethics. The concept of integrative bioethics has been developed in different countries, a component of this concept is the idea of the need for discussion on bioethics in various sectors of society (not only medical). Equally important in this concept are the definitions of bioethics and the bioethical imperative proposed by Fritz Jahr in 1926. The scientist`s article, which was discovered in 1997, contains a new format of bioethical ideas, as well as a valuable opportunity to enhance understanding the term of bioethics as an integrative science. Interview has been conducted by Hanna Hubenko as a part of the joint international course «Integrative Bioethics». At the meeting it was discussed the experience of cooperation and plans for the future. Cooperation and feedback between scientists remains an unconditional prerogative, also in a pandemic situation (to be continued).

The Embodiment of “English-only” in Social Work Education and Practice in the United States

ABSTRACT Despite a strong commitment to strengths-based language and cultural diversity, social work education and practice in the United States (U.S.) continues to embody a monolingual, assimilationist assumption. This article examines the embodiment of “English-only” in U.S. social work education and practice through a review of professional journal articles and professional standards. While the context is primarily the U.S., this article is likely to be of relevance to other international contexts where English is the dominant language of social work practice. It recommends that social work programs develop language practices at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels of their curriculum that embody a multilingual ideology consistent with a profession that espouses cultural humility. IMPLICATIONS Social work education and practice in the U.S. continues to embody English-only ideology. This assumption of monolingualism undermines the profession’s commitment to cultural humility and to challenging historically rooted systems of oppression. Both undergraduate and graduate social work programs can develop ways to study and transform language practices at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels of their curriculum.

Learning from the Landscape: The European Tours of Charles A. Platt and Charles Eliot

ABSTRACTStudy and travel in Europe provided a foundation for the establishment of artists and architects in the United States, including landscape architects and urban planners. In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, Charles A. Platt (1859–1933) and Charles Eliot (1861–97), men from privileged backgrounds in New York and Boston respectively, spent years in Europe seeking training and direct knowledge of historic patterns in garden, park and city making. Both shared their observations in influential articles for professional and popular journals and in publications that discussed what they had observed abroad and showed how it could be applied to American needs. Separate publications about their work and ideas further reinforced their influence. Platt, originally trained as an etcher and painter, approached first landscape design and then architecture from the perspective of an artist. He became one of the earliest and most influential figures in the formal garden revival in the United States, especially in landscapes for country houses, for which he also became one of the country’s most admired designers. In contrast, Eliot studied European patterns as a landscape architect who was also interested in both land preservation and regional planning. He led in establishing the Trustees of Public Reservations (1891), America’s first private-sector state-wide landscape trust, and the Boston Metropolitan Park Commission (1893), the country’s earliest regional landscape-planning state agency. The two men and their work represent contrasting methods and objectives, yet their interlocking careers sketch a broader panorama of the European precedents for American conditions at the turn of the twentieth century and beyond.

Communication of soil water repellency causes, problems, and solutions of intensively managed amenity turf from 2000 to 2020

Abstract Research and investigations of soil water repellency in turfgrass science is a relatively recent endeavor, with most notable progress beginning in the late 1990s and early 2000s and continuing into the present. The objectives of this review were to determine the extent of publications from 2000 to the present on the topic of soil water repellency in turfgrass science, and to assemble a list of soil surfactant product formulations currently available for the amenity turf industry in the USA and United Kingdom/Republic of Ireland in 2019. From 1 January 2000 through 1 June 2020, cumulative number of referred or peer-reviewed research journal articles was 64, the number of abstracts, reports, and proceedings was 87, and the number of professional and trade journal articles was 86. Published works in all categories represented a linear increase over time, and is indicative of increased research activity into this critical area of study. Soil surfactant products and formulations in the USA totaled 192, with 65 in UK/Ireland. The nonionic soil surfactant chemical category is the largest, representing 74% of products in the USA, and 66% of products in UK/Ireland. With formulation category, block copolymers and formulations that contain block copolymers or structurally modified block copolymers as a formulation component comprise the largest group with 58% of products in the USA, and 49% of products in UK/Ireland. Also by formulation category, 25% of USA products and 23% of UK/Ireland products are comprised of anionic and anionic blends and other formulations. Of note, 17% of products in the USA and 28% of products in UK/Ireland do not disclose their formulation. Dr. Louis Dekker’s pioneering insight and advances in soil water repellency has provided turfgrass scientists with a firm foundation and guidance with which to pursue research into the causes, problems, and amelioration of soil water repellency in turfgrass ecosystems. The global amenity turf industry remains the segment where Dr. Dekker’s research has had the most influence and impact to both scientists and turf practitioners.

Aaron Temkin Beck

Aaron Temkin Beck (born July 18, 1921) is an American psychiatrist and a professor emeritus in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania. Beck is noted for his research in psychotherapy, psychopathology, suicide, and psychometrics. He is regarded as the father of Cognitive Therapy. His theories are widely used in the treatment of clinical depression. Beck developed self-report measures of depression and anxiety, notably the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) which became one of the most widely used instruments for measuring depression severity. He has published more than 600 professional journal articles, and authored or co-authored 25 books. Beck has been named one of the

FORMATION OF COMPETENCE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONALS IN THE PROCESS OF WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT FOR CONDUCTING A REMOTE INTERNET CONFERENCE

The article analyzes and highlights the current problems of training specialists in information and communication technologies in universities. It is revealed that the development of a site for remote Internet conferencing is one of the many components that help to shape the system of professional competencies of future specialists in information and communication technologies.An important place among the information technologies used by scientists in various industries, is occupied by Internet technologies. The Internet provides unlimited opportunities for every user, especially for scientific and teaching staff. For a scientist, the Internet today is a means of finding information and an opportunity to get acquainted with the publication of scientific articles in electronic professional journals, and to approve the results of research through participation in Internet conferences. In this regard, the problem of the problem of designing a site for remote Internet conferencing for IT professionals and its analysis is certainly relevant.A number of higher education institutions use modern information technology to hold conferences using remote report technology. The purpose of the article is to develop a site for conducting a remote Internet conference in the process of training specialists in information and communication technologies. When developing the software, modern web technologies were selected and substantiated: Django framework; Python language for backend development; Javascript language for frontend development; nginx as a web server; React framework for frontend development and more. The developed web service fully meets all the requirements set at the stage of setting the task and is ready for operation.

Лісівнича освіта і наука в Національному лісотехнічному університеті України: здобутки, проблеми, перспективи

Після відновлення навчання в лісотехнічному інституті підготовка фахівців в інституті лісового і садово-паркового господарства (на лісогосподарському факультеті) постійно удосконалювалась. На факультеті у 60-х роках ХХ ст. навчалося близько 600 студентів, а на січень 2018 р. в університеті навчаються майже тисяча студентів на бакалаврському та магістерському рівнях за трьома спеціальностями та чотирма освітньо-професійними програмами: лісове господарство, садово-паркове господарство, мисливське господарство, ландшафтна архітектура. Підготовку фахівців для лісової галузі забезпечує висококваліфікований навчально-науковий персонал – 17 докторів наук, професорів та 44 доценти, кандидати наук. Співробітники інституту з 1949 р. захистили 30 докторських та 168 кандидатських дисертацій. Результати наукових досліджень висвітлено в 95 монографіях, що опубліковано в Україні та 13 – за кордоном, а також у наукових статтях, виступах на конференціях і захистили патенти та авторські свідоцтва. Науковці опублікували майже 5,5 тис. статей у різних виданнях та майже 5 тис статей у фахових виданнях. Викладачі кафедр інституту викладають більше як половину дисциплін для освітнього ступеня "бакалавр" та понад 75 % – для освітнього ступеня "магістр" за спеціальністю "лісове господарство". Науково-педагогічні працівники університету є співавторами стандартів вищої освіти, проектів ДСТУ, проектів СОУ, нормативно-довідкових матеріалів, енциклопедій та словників. Наукові дослідження, що започаткували співробітники інституту беруть початок з 1960 р., коли під керівництвом проф. М. М. Горшеніна було розроблено новий спосіб рубань головного користування для гірських умов – механізовані улоговинні рубки ЛЛТІ. Для розширення освітньої діяльності доцільно ліцензувати нові спеціальності з підготовки фахівців за спеціалізаціями, для розвитку яких у співробітників університету є значні напрацювання. Частина викладачів добре володіє іноземними мовами, проходили стажування у провідних європейських навчальних закладах, мають значний досвід викладання та можуть забезпечити викладання навчальних дисциплін іноземними мовами. Необхідно підвищувати ефективність роботи лабораторій кафедр та реалізацію наукових результатів на лісогосподарських підприємствах.

Cyrille Fijnaut: a pioneer from the low countries

ABSTRACT Inspired by American pioneers in the field of police research like Jerome Skolnick, Cyrille Fijnaut resigned in 1969 as a police lieutenant from the police force in the city of Tilburg, the Netherlands in order to create the opportunity to study criminology and philosophy at the KU Leuven in Belgium. At the same university, he wrote in the years 1974–1978 his Ph.D. dissertation on the political history of policing in Europe since the Napoleonic Era. This thesis became the starting point of a rich career as a professor of criminology and criminal law at the Erasmus University Rotterdam, the KU Leuven, Tilburg University and NYU Law School (Global Law School Programme). Over the years, he became an internationally renowned expert in the fields of police and judicial cooperation, organized crime and terrorism, and the transatlantic history of criminology and the criminal justice system. In these and other fields he wrote some 50 books and edited some 50 volumes, and published more than 400 articles in academic and professional journals. In addition, he was one of the founding fathers of the Belgian journal of criminology and criminal law Panopticon and the European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice. He also served as an expert in some of Dutch and Belgian committees of inquiry, e.g. the committee that investigated the safety and security problems of Pim Fortuyn, the Dutch politician who was killed in May 2002. The Dutch government rewarded him with a Knighthood in the Order of the Dutch Lion, and the Belgian government appointed him Commandeur in the Crown Order.