Articles In High-impact Journals Research Articles

Missing in action: A bibliometric analysis of military research in the medical literature since 1950.

Top-tier general and specialty scientific journals serve as a bellwether for national research priorities. We hypothesize that military-relevant publications are underrepresented in the scientific literature and that such publications decrease significantly during peacetime. We identified high impact journals in the fields of Medicine, Surgery and Critical Care and developed Boolean searches for military-focused topics using National Library of Medicine Subject Headings terms. A PubMed search from 1950 to 2020 returned the number of research publications in relevant journals and the rate of military-focused publications by year. Rates of military publications were compared between peacetime and wartime. Publication rate trends were modeled with a quadratic function controlling for the start of active conflict and total casualty numbers. Baseline proportions of military physicians relative to the civilian sector served to estimate expected publication rates. Comparisons were performed using Pearson's Chi Square and Mann-Whitney U test, with p < 0.05 considered a significant difference. From 1950 to 2020, a total of 716,340 manuscripts were published in the journals queried. Of these, military-relevant manuscripts totaled 4,052 (0.57%). We found a significant difference in the rate of publication during times of peace and times of war (0.40% vs. 0.69%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis found significantly reduced rates of publication in medical and critical care journals during peacetime. For each conflict, the percentage of military-focused publications peaked during periods of war but then receded below baseline levels within a median of 2.5 years (interquartile range 1.5-3.8 years) during peacetime. The proportion of military-focused publications never reached the current proportion of military physicians in the workforce. There is marked reduction in rates of publication for military-focused articles in high impact journals during peacetime. Military-focused articles are underrepresented in high-impact journals. Investigators of military-relevant topics and editors of high-impact journals should seek to close this gap.

How are Communication and Media Studies Scholars Writing about COVID-19? A Meta-analysis of Communication and Media-Focused Covid-19 Literature

According to the selective exposure hypothesis, media with the arrival of COVID-19, the output of communication and media-focused peer-review articles have increased frenetically. As a result, this study examines the communication and media aspects, methodological characteristics and guiding theories, the geographic landscape of content, and the dominant publication avenue of peer-reviewed articles in high-impact journals (n=576). Findings show that mass communication and social media are the leading media types, while Twitter is the leading platform. The quantitative research method, survey and grounded theory are the leading methodology, research technique and guiding theory, respectively. Countries in the Global North and China dominated the geographic content of this emergent area, while the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships and Health Communication were primary publication outlets. Within communication and media-focused communications research, ‘covid,’ ‘2020,’ ‘media,’ and ‘social’ are the most popular words.

Colon CApsule endoscopy compared to conventional COlonoscopy in patients with colonic DIverticulitis: the study protocol for a randomised controlled superiority trial (CACODI trial)

IntroductionFollow-up after an episode of colonic diverticulitis is a common indication for colonoscopy, even though studies have shown a low risk of positive findings in this population. Our objective is...

A Bibliometric Perspective on the Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Gestational Diabetes.

To analyze the bibliometric indicators of the world scientific production on periodontal disease and gestational diabetes. Bibliometric study in which a search strategy was designed with logical operators and MESH terms. After the search and application of selection criteria, 83 articles were included. SciVal, VOSviewer, and the Bibliometrix module of R Studio were used to analyze the metadata. From 2012 to 2021, there is evidence of an increase in scientific dissemination on gestational diabetes and periodontal disease, especially in high-impact journals (79.2%). SUNY Buffalo (6), United State University, and Ege University, Turkey (5) are the most productive; however, the one that received more citations than the global average was the University of Birmingham (FWCI: 5.59). In addition, the United States, Brazil, and India were the most influential countries; while, Graziani F, Akcali A, and Buduneli N, were the most representative authors. The Journal of Periodontology and the Journal of Clinical Periodontology published the most articles, with 13 and 6, respectively. The scientific production on periodontal disease and gestational diabetes is higher in recent years, with a better proportion of articles in high-impact journals. In addition, the United States concentrates many publications, and the activity of Chilean institutions stands out. The clinical significance of this study lies in its capacity to synthesize the currently available published information regarding the correlation between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes. This study enables researchers and clinicians to ascertain the current level of knowledge on this subject.

Predictive value of medical school ranking in the academic scholarship of ophthalmology residents

ObjectiveTo determine whether a resident's medical school ranking predicts their scholarship during residency. DesignThe authors stratified ophthalmology residents in ACGME accredited programs into tiers based off their medical school background's US News & World Report ranking: T1 (schools 1–20), T2 (21–50), and T3 (51–90). Investigators queried PubMed and Scopus for number of total publications, first/second author publications, publications in the top 10 impact factor journals in ophthalmology, and publications with the senior author affiliated with the resident's residency program/medical school. Authors collected data from start of ophthalmology residency to December 5th, 2021, and performed Pearson chi squared, ANOVA, Eta squared, Tukey, and multivariable logistic regression tests. Results1054 residents were included for analysis, with 370 from T1 schools, 296 from T2 schools, and 388 from T3 schools. T3 residents had a significantly decreased likelihood of publishing at least one (OR = 0.659;95%CI = 0.481,0.905;p = .010), two (OR = 0.643;95%CI = 0.436,0.949;p = .026), or five (OR = 0.407;95%CI = 0.187,0.886;p = .024) total publications compared to T1 residents. T3 residents also were partially predicted to publish fewer first author works, high impact journal articles, and articles with senior authors affiliated with their medical school. T2 residents were more likely to publish at least one second author work than T1 residents (OR = 1.604;95%CI = 1.101,2.337;p = .014). There was no significant difference between tiers in publications with senior authors affiliated with the same residency program. ConclusionsThe authors observed little difference in scholarship between residents from T1 and T2 schools, but some differences may exist between T3 and T1/T2 residents. Merit of rankings should be further explored.

Sex and Gender in Randomized Controlled Trials of Adults Receiving Maintenance Dialysis: A Meta-epidemiologic Study

How sex and gender concepts are incorporated into randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with kidney failure receiving maintenance dialysis is largely unknown. We describe these practices in published journal articles as well as investigate the proportion of women and female participants in these studies. Meta-epidemiologic study. RCTs in maintenance dialysis. Trials published in high-impact journals in 2000-2020. Implemented in duplicate with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. Meta-regression was performed to identify trial characteristics independently associated with the proportion of women and female participants. Among 561 included RCTs, 69.7% were parallel and 28.0% were crossover in design; 80.6% were conducted in the hemodialysis population; and 25% of trials compared the treatment of interest with a placebo arm, 25% with a usual care treatment arm, and 50% with an active alternative therapy arm. Of the RCTS, 37.6% were masked. The median size was 60 (IQR, 26-151) participants, and the median follow-up period was 154 (IQR, 42-365) days. The mean proportion of women or female participants was 0.40±0.13 (SD): 39.0% of trials reported sex, and 26.6% reported the gender of the participants. Also, 56.2% referred to participants as females, 25.3% referred to participants as women, and 15.5% referred to both females and women. No trial characteristic other than region (β of 0.062 [95% CI, 0.007-0.117] for Asia) was associated with the proportion of women or female participants. Considering trial design and conduct, 2.7% of trials used sex and/or gender as an inclusion criterion, 26.6% as an exclusion criterion, 4.5% for randomization, 4.8% for subgroup analyses, and 15.7% for covariate adjustment. Only high-impact journal articles were studied; and the included studies lacked pediatric trials, those addressing chronic kidney disease or kidney transplantation, any trials from Africa and underrepresentation of other regions, and missing data. RCTs in dialysis are representative of the general dialysis population with regard to sex and gender but they uncommonly report both and often do not include either in their reporting or analysis.

Hexapoda Yearbook (Arthropoda: Mandibulata: Pancrustacea) Brazil 2020: the first annual production survey of new Brazilian species

This paper provided a list of all new Brazilian Hexapoda species described in 2020. Furthermore, based on the information extracted by this list, we tackled additional questions regarding the taxa, the specialists involved in the species descriptions as well as the journals in which those papers have been published. We recorded a total of 680 new Brazilian species of Hexapoda described in 2020, classified in 245 genera, 112 families and 18 orders. These 680 species were published in a total of 2019 articles comprising 423 different authors residing in 27 countries. Only 30% of these authors are women, which demonstrates an inequality regarding sexes. In relation to the number of authors by species, the majority of the new species had two authors and the maximum of authors by species was five. We also found inequalities in the production of described species regarding the regions of Brazil, with Southeast and South leading. The top 10 institutions regarding productions of new species have four in the Southeast, two at South and with one at North Region being the outlier of this pattern. Out of the total 219 published articles, Zootaxa dominated with 322 described species in 95 articles. The average impact factor was of 1.4 with only seven articles being published in Impact Factors above 3, indicating a hardship on publishing taxonomic articles in high-impact journals. The highlight of this paper is that it is unprecedent, as no annual record of Hexapoda species described was ever made in previous years to Brazil.

Sentiment Analysis Applications during COVID-19 Pandemics: An Exploratory Review

Coronavirus pandemic has created complex challenges and adverse conditions. Sentiment analysis is a process of studying the user application. Because of using the internet in daily activities, many domains and organizations concentrate on analysis or getting user feedback to take the right decision. This paper is review the existing applications that used a sentiments analysis to identify major sentiment trends associated with the push to reopen the analyzing sentiment in social media like Twitter, etc. Data time aligned to the COVID-19 reopening debate. In addition, discover the most popular techniques and approaches. This study focus the research articles in high impact journals that published during the epidemics from 2019 to 2021. The research question that this study answer it are. This study can be beneficial to many domains such as sentiment analysis, text mining, research in related areas, and postgraduate students. This research could present valuable time sensitive opportunities for governments, and the nation into a successful new normal future. Several applications have employed in several domains, including tourism, education, business and health. Health information can be disseminated by social media and misinformation can be addressed via this platform.

Development of the Love for Writing and Publishing Journal (LWPJ) Module for Higher Education

This paper details the development of the Love for Writing and Publishing Journal (LWPJ) Module, which encourages writing in a scientific and simple way through the approach of the Self Determination Theory, Social Constructivism Theory, and Successful Intelligence Theory. The content of the module was constructed through information obtained from a literature review and interviews with six experts who have produced many high-impact journal articles. The developed module was used in a two-day online training course, with participant monitoring before, during, and after the course through WhatsApp. This study used a mixed methods approach of design and development research. Using this method, the research was carried out in three phases. The first phase involved needs analysis; the second phase included design and development; and the third phase involved evaluation of the module. The research led to the successful development of the LWPJ Module by fostering a love for writing and publication of scholarly writing among course participants. The module benefits postgraduate students and academics at the higher education level by ensuring that scholarly articles are successfully completed and submitted for publication. This study has implications on the development of a culture of excellence and a culture of love for scholarly writing and publication among postgraduate students and academics from various walks of life at school and university levels.

Do managers learn more about successful project management methods from articles in high impact factor journals?

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the need to develop performance-based measurement systems to improve project management outcomes has dramatically increased. Managers still take various risks during the course of managing projects which lead to ineffective decision making. A range of theories discuss such behaviors. These theories demonstrate that the discussion of risk embedded in non-optimal decision-making processes is based on theory rather than practical knowledge. However, various components of project management can be derived from academic best practices for decision making. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to explore whether articles in high impact journals tend to embody practical, rather than theoretical, knowledge thus closing the gap between academia and industry. The study is based on SEM and various machine learning classification methods. METHOD: The study was conducted using an NLP analysis of 1461 academic journals in the field of project management. RESULTS: Results show a significant positive relationship between the success of projects and the impact of new practical procedures. In contrast, a negative correlation was found between theories that use non-practical processes of effective project management. CONCLUSION: Managers can learn about new methods for project management from articles in high impact factor journals.

Post-COVID syndrome: prevalence, organ pathogenesis and routes of correction. A systematic review

Background . The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is building up a population of previous SARS-CoV-2 patients with non-transient multiorgan failures having diverse stable symptoms and/or delayed complications. Proper measures should be defined in public healthcare to tackle patients’ diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Objectives . A systematic review of recent evidence in epidemiology and pathophysiology of organ-specific COVID-19 aftereffects and their routes of correction. Methods. Sources were mined in eLibrary and Medline/PubMed using the keywords “post-covid syndrome” [постковидный синдром], COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, “organ lesions”, pathogenesis, treatment; the article type were “Clinical Trial”, “Meta-Analysis”, Review and “Systematic Review” published in English or Russian during 01 January 2020–10 July 2021. All study designs considered reflected the current understanding of epidemiology, pathogenesis, late manifestations and complications of old systemic and organ COVID-19, as well as their correction measures. Full-text peer-reviewed high-impact journal articles had preference. Results. A screening of 1,163 sources selected 480 most relevant full-text articles for analysis, with 131 included in the final review. A number of 2020–2021 studies reported persistent COVID -19 representations, including pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal complications, haematological disorders, neuropsychiatric and endocrine aftereffects. Gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and dermatological complications of SARS-CoV-2 are less elaborated. Insights are emerging into the pathogenesis of weeks-to-months persisting post-acute COVID-19 organ and systemic lesions. Understanding their pathophysiology will enable targeting measures towards a comprehensive treatment of post-COVID syndrome. Clinical trials are currently underway that will evidence-ground the prevention and therapy of COVID-19 complications in discharged patients. Conclusion . COVID-19 patients should be managed beyond hospital discharge, as many of them require comprehensive inter-specialty medical care in outpatient follow-up. A rapid enrichment of databases and professional evidence for post-COVID syndrome lays the grounds for successful treatment and rehabilitation of patients who had coped with this disease.

Accountability Studies in Religious Non-Profit Organizations: Possible Contextual and Application Gaps

Having substantial accountability standards and practices is a vital practice to ensure the survival of Religious-Based Non-Profit Organisations (RNPOs). This is because the RNPOs are not only representing the religion’s ideals but at the same time, there are also responsible in disseminating ethical massage and good values in the community. Since the RNPOs played a significant role in society, many studies have highlighted the need to explore more accountability issues involving RNPOs. Hence, this study aims to provide a taxonomical review of literature that examined RNPOs’ accountability practices and subsequently, suggesting plausible contextual and application gaps for future research. In so doing, this study utilised van Helden and Nortcott’s (2010) and Rozaidy, Siti Nabiha, Rasid, and Raman (2017) taxonomical methods in categorising accountability studies in RNPOs. As a result, four main themes have been identified from 60 selected high-impact journal articles. The four themes are 1) examining the outcomes of corporate integrity and accountability practices; 2) evaluating the RNPOs’ internal control practices; 3) identifying financial reporting disclosures practices among RNPOs; and 4) exploring the influence of leadership skills on RNPOs’ accountability practices.

Demographic correlations for 100 most-cited authors in ophthalmic research; a bibliometric study

Background: To analyze the academic characteristics, career trajectory, scholarly publications, and demographic background of the 100 most-cited authors in ophthalmic literature.&#x0D; Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, a database containing every ophthalmology journal article from 1967 to 2018 was built using Scopus journal article information. The 100 authors with the most citations were identified, along with a control group of authors with at least five publications. Information about each author, such as gender, institution, and educational degrees were found from online web searches. Intra- and inter-group analyses were performed to identify correlations that may lead to having a high level of impact in ophthalmology literature.&#x0D; Results: Of the 100 most-cited ophthalmologists, 56 practice in the United States (US) and only 12 are female. In an odds ratio (OR) analysis, highly-cited researchers more often lived in the US (OR, 2.97; P &lt; 0.001), were male (OR, 2.4; P = 0.02), and graduated from an elite medical school (OR, 3.89; P = 0.02) and/or residency (OR, 3.67; P = 0.02), but were not from an undergraduate institution (P = 0.75). There was no difference in citation numbers between different ophthalmology subspecialties (P = 0.22) or advanced degrees (PhD, MPH in addition to MD). Women among the top-100-cited authors were more likely to author high impact journal articles (P &lt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions: Among highly-cited ophthalmologists, practicing in the US and attending a top medical school or residency program may provide training for a successful research career in ophthalmology. Additionally, top female ophthalmologists participate in more influential research.

A Corpus Analysis of Frequently Occurring Words and their Collocations in High-Impact Research Articles in Education

In research writing, the importance of formulaic sequences (FS) or collocations and the need for writers to adapt and utilise these phrasal constructions in their writing cannot be denied. However, English as a second or a foreign language (ESL/EFL) writers often have difficulty in finding the right words or phrases in writing good academic research papers due to limited vocabulary and the lack of native-like fluency. There is also the concern that they are unaware of the rhetorical structure of academic research papers, which can hamper the organization of ideas and flow of writing and lead to messy and unclear production of language. Formulaic sequences and collocations of words represent useful phrasal constructions that writers use to fluently and efficiently express their intended communicative purposes. In this regard, this study uses corpus analysis to list collocations commonly used in high-impact journals written in the field of education. The study also categorises these collocations according to their communicative purposes, referred to as moves and steps, in the rhetorical structure of the Introduction of research articles. The final list which focussed on ten node words from 40 high-impact journal articles consists of 3 to 12 word phrases found in the Introduction section of these articles. They were then categorised according to their specific functions based on an adapted Introduction Move Framework of the Create a Research Space (CARS) schema (Swales 2004) and common moves in the Introduction section of the Academic Phrasebank (Morley, 2014). Keywords: Rhetorical structure; ESL and EFL; Corpus studies; Collocations; Academic writing

An Updated Analysis of the Pediatric Section of the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination.

An updated analysis of the pediatrics section of the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) is helpful for resident education and preparation for the OITE. The purpose of this study is to provide an updated evaluation of the pediatric category of the OITE, and to explore trends in question topics and taxonomy compared with the previously published analysis from 2011 to 2014. Five years (2015-2019) of OITE questions, answers, and references were reviewed. The number of pediatric questions per year was recorded, and questions were subcategorized based on topic tested. The presence or absence of imaging or a clinical photograph was noted. Each question was also assigned a cognitive taxonomy level, based on a previously published classification system. The percentage of pediatric questions on the 2015-2019 OITEs averaged 11.4% compared with 12.6% from 2011 to 2014 (P=0.349). The 3 most commonly tested pediatric topics were general trauma (17.8%), elbow trauma (13.2%), and genetic disorders/syndromes (11.2%). There was a significant increase in questions that required diagnosis and interpretation (27.6% vs. 8%, P<0.001) and a slight but not significant decrease in the questions requiring simple knowledge recall (26.3% vs. 35.5%, P=0.120) and decisions about management (46.1% vs. 56.5%, P=0.077). Overall, 65% of questions utilized clinical photographs or imaging studies compared with 62% from 2011 to 2014 (P=0.621). The most common references were the Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Journal of American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, and Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Textbooks were cited less frequently than in the past. While the percentage of pediatric questions on the OITE has remained consistent over time, the percentage of questions requiring diagnosis and interpretation has increased. In addition, questions testing genetic disorders/syndromes have become more prevalent in recent years. The most commonly cited resources were high-impact journal articles, with textbooks cited less frequently than in previous years. Knowledge of the most frequently tested topics and resources cited may assist orthopaedic residents in preparing for the OITE and orthopaedic faculty to focus didactic sessions on the most commonly tested topics.

Reproducible research practices and transparency in reproductive endocrinology and infertility articles

To analyse the published literature in reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) to examine the transparency and the use of reproducible research practices of the scientific literature and to identify possible avenues for improvement. Meta-epidemiologic study. We examined the first 20 consecutive full-text original articles presenting primary data from five REI-specific journals for 2013 and for 2018, and eligible REI articles published in 2013-2018 in five high-impact general journals. Eligible articles were required to be full-text original articles, presenting primary data. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Each article was assessed for study type, trial registration, protocol and raw data availability, funding and conflict of interest declarations, inclusion in subsequent systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses, sample size, and whether the work claimed to be novel or replication. Sample sizes and citation counts also were obtained. A total of 222 articles were deemed eligible; 98 from REI journals published in 2013, 90 from REI journals published in 2018, and 34 from high-impact journals. There were 37 studies registered, 15 contained a protocol, and two stated actively that they were willing to share data. Most studies provided a statement about funding and conflicts of interest. Two articles explicitly described themselves as replications. All randomized controlled trial published in REI journals were registered prospectively; many meta-analyses were not registered. High-impact journal articles had a greater median sample size and more citations and were more likely to be registered, to have a protocol, and to claim novelty explicitly when compared with REI 2013 and 2018 articles. Research in REI can be improved in prospective registration, routine availability of protocols, wider sharing of raw data whenever feasible, and more emphasis on replication.

A Cautionary Tale for Psychology and Higher Education in Asia: Following Western Practices of Incentivising Scholarship May Have Negative Outcomes

Cases of scientific fraud and research misconduct in general have escalated in Western higher education over the last 20 years. These practices include forgery, distortion of facts and plagiarism, the outright faking of research results and thriving black markets for positive peer reviews and ghost-written papers. More recently, the same abuses have found their way into Asian higher education with some high profile and widely covered cases in India, South Korea, China and Japan. Reports of misconduct are now reaching alarming proportions in Asia, and the negative consequences for individuals, institutions, governments and society at large are incalculable. The incentives for academic scientists in Asia are approaching and even surpassing those ordinarily seen in the West. Cash payments for publishing articles in high impact journals can double or even triple yearly salaries in some cases. Combining this environment with the simultaneous pressure to obtain oftentimes scarce funding for research has produced a culture of unethical behaviour worldwide. This article assesses three important issues regarding scientific fraud and research misconduct: distorted incentives for research and overreliance upon metrics, damage to the integrity of higher education and public trust and improving research environments so as to deter unethical behaviour. This is especially crucial for emerging Asian countries, in particular Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), whose scientific infrastructure is less developed, but nonetheless has the potential to become a major player in the development of psychology as well as Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) research and training.

The quality and utility of research in ectopic pregnancy in the last three decades: An analysis of the published literature

ObjectiveEctopic pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening health problem that affects fertility and generates a significant economic burden. Optimal management, including when to choose methotrexate, and whether to do salpingectomy or salpingostomy, is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the quality and utility of research on ectopic pregnancy in the last three decades. Study designWe analyzed the quantity, quality and utility of the published literature, including 6,309 articles published over a 30-year period. We searched PubMed for studies on ectopic pregnancy, with subsequent analysis utilizing bibliometric network maps. Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines and a newly adapted checklist for usefulness of research were applied to assess randomized controlled trial (RCT) quality. ResultsThe initial search returned 14,727 articles, of which, after filters of publication date (1987/01/01 to 2017/12/31), species (Human) and language (English) were applied, 6,309 articles remained. The number of publications each year remained relatively stable, with a mean number of 280 articles published three decades ago versus 248 articles published on average in the last decade. The 7,733 human species articles published between 1987–2017 were written in 27 different languages, with 82 % in English. Publications in 14 selected high-impact journals accounted for 26.5 % (1,673/6,309) of all articles, with on average 54 publications per year across three decades. An increase in systematic reviews and meta-analyses (+1000 %), and case reports (+53 %) was seen between 1987–2017, while the percentage of RCTs (–25 %) decreased. The analyzed RCTs were of moderate quality, and few addressed the most important clinical questions. ConclusionIn the last three decades, both the number of articles on ectopic pregnancy and the number of articles in high-impact journals have remained stable. Despite these constant numbers, the quality of RCTs was suboptimal and there was a decrease in the annual number of published RCTs, while the use of meta-analysis significantly amplified. This study suggests continued review of research practices and provides suggestions on how the quality of the published literature can be improved.

Laboratory Measurement's Contribution to the Replication and Application Crisis in Clinical Research

Science is not just based on interesting findings. One of the key elements in research reports is an informative description of the methods that were used to develop the experiment, to collect the data, and to analyze them. Because the scientific enterprise rests on replication, reporting of methods is essential, as it allows others to stage a similar experiment, to design an identical study, and to evaluate whether the findings can be replicated. If they cannot be reproduced, the outcomes from that previous experiment, or trial, will gradually or immediately lose credibility. In the past 2 decades, science has stumbled into a severe replication crisis. Most severely struck were the social sciences, with psychology at the center, and social psychology most of all (1). The findings from exercises to replicate research that has led to influential findings are dramatic. A 2015 report from a large consortium of scientists on 100 attempts to replicate as many psychology experiments showed that, although 97 of the original studies produced statistically significant results, only 36% did so in the attempts at replication (2). However, the replication crisis was not limited to psychology. It has also struck clinical medicine and preclinical research. When John Ioannidis analyzed 49 articles in high-impact journals that had generated >1000 citations, he observed that 45 of these had claimed that an intervention had efficacy. Yet 7 were later contradicted by subsequent research, and the effect was smaller in later studies for 7 others. In all 14 cases, subsequent studies were either larger or of a stronger design (3). Several factors contribute to this massive replication crisis. …

Publishing Productivity of Sociologists at American Colleges and Universities: Institution Type, Gender, and Other Correlates of Book and Article Counts

This study examines the 2013–2017 publishing productivity of sociology faculty at six types of colleges and universities (e.g., research universities, master’s institutions, and top liberal arts colleges) based on publication counts for articles, articles in high-impact journals, books, and books from high-impact publishers. We compare the productivity of groups based on institution type, gender, academic rank, years of experience, and reputation of PhD-granting institution. Our age-cohort data suggest that differentials in productivity among institution types have diminished in recent decades. The top universities are losing ground, in relative terms, while faculty at other types of institutions are more productive now than in the past. Our results for gender are unlike those reported in previous research, revealing (1) higher productivity for women than for men across most institution types and (2) the absence of any gender differential for all institution types combined. Our data also show that book and article counts are virtually unrelated, that faculty at the top liberal arts colleges have the highest average book counts, and that there is great variation in productivity within every institution type. In general, associate professors, faculty with fewer than 17 years of experience, and faculty with doctorates from top universities are especially productive.