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The Role of Nyakyusa Superstitious Sayings in Developing Indigenous Instructions

This article has examined the role of superstitious sayings in developing indigenous instruction with reference to Nyakyusa community in Tanzania. The primary data obtained from Rungwe district in the Mbeya region. Data were obtained in the villages and wards of Kandete (Mwela), Luteba (Kilasi), and Isange (Mbigili). A total of 54 respondents were interviewed making an average of 18 respondents in each village. The ratio of respondents was based on gender and age criteria. Interviews and asking questions techniques were used to get data from the target audience. A review of the documents used to verify the primary data was obtained by electronic and library approaches. The analysis of the accessible data were guided by Sociological theory. One of its foundations is to look at the natural environment of society as the one that determines the way a literary work should be. The results of the study are presenteddescriptively. The results of the research have shown various missions that aim to train, strengthen and keep the community together on the solid foundations of community traditions and customs. Similarly, they have presented basic human actions that manifest themselves in all aspects of life and its development. Therefore, this article recommends that more research be done in other genres of oral literature about the role of superstitious sayings in developing indigenous instruction in the community.

Perlindungan Hukum Nasabah dari Kejahatan Phising dalam Layanan Perbankan Digital di Indonesia

The digitalization of the banking sector, driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, has significantly impacted the ease of financial transactions through digital banking services. However, this progress also creates vulnerabilities to cybercrimes, particularly phishing, which aims to steal customers' personal data via fake websites or messages. This article examines relevant legal frameworks, including Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions (EIT Law), the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), and regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), such as POJK No. 12/POJK.03/2018 on Digital Banking Services. Employing a normative qualitative approach, the study explores the legal protection available to customers as phishing victims and the responsibilities of banks in preventing and addressing such threats. This article recommends strengthening banks' technological security systems, enhancing customers' digital literacy, and enforcing laws more effectively to establish secure and reliable digital banking services.

The Emergence of Education for Sustainable Development in Namibia’s Senior Primary English Language Curriculum: A Morphogenetic Case Study

Senior Primary English Language Teaching is an important site for implementing Namibia’s Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development (EE/ESD) Policy. Language Teaching lends itself to ESD pedagogies and can be responsive to sustainability-oriented content. This article summarizes a qualitative case study of ESD implementation through the Senior Primary English Language curriculum between 1990 and 2018. Data included documents, a questionnaire with 43 Senior Primary English Language teachers in the Khomas Region of Namibia and in-depth interviews with 12 teachers. Framed by Margaret Archer’s social realist theory of Morphogenesis, the study’s findings point to a policy–practice disjuncture of relevance to policy makers, teacher educators and other ESD partners. The article recommends building English Language teachers’ agency for ESD implementation in Namibia by strengthening the EE/ESD foci in pre- and in-service teacher programmes, expanding and strengthening networks and school cluster subject groups, and prioritizing making environmental content knowledge more accessible through textbooks and other teaching resources.

CHALLENGES OF GREEN SCHOOL QUALITY ASSESSMENT

The Green School Quality Standard offers criteria for integrating holistic institutional and sustainable development education, that demonstrate commitment to green education, integrate environmental principles and climate action into the delivery of school educational services. The ultimate goal of the standard is to provide a complete educational roadmap, that ensures continuity and interdependence between educational stages, from early years to higher education. In article recommendations are made for improving the implementation of the audit for quality of green education, discussing also the road map for completing audit processing of the results from activity of the green school.

Research on Equity in Early Childhood Education in Western China: A Case Study of Sichuan Province

Abstract: This article investigates the issue of equity in early childhood education in Western China through interviews with ten kindergarten principals from the region. The study reveals several factors impacting educational fairness, including a vague understanding of the concept of educational equity, a lack of equitable practices in education, and the inability to ensure equal educational opportunities. Furthermore, the region faces a severe shortage of early childhood educational resources, instability within the teaching staff, difficulty in maintaining educational quality, and a lack of communication and cooperation among kindergartens. These issues contribute significantly to the imbalance of educational opportunities, severely affecting the normal development of children and the overall quality of preschool education. To address these challenges, the article recommends enhancing policy support to improve resource allocation and optimization, increasing professional training and compensation for teachers to strengthen the practice of equity in education, and raising societal awareness about the importance of educational equity. These measures are crucial for promoting equitable and high-quality education for every child in Western China, ensuring that all children have access to equal and quality educational opportunities.

Can We Learn From Trust in Simulation to Gain Trust in AI?

This short feature article recommends learning from the M&S community and shifting from trust in the model towards trust in the result. Trust is not only gained by technically mature solutions but is predominantly shaped by the relationship between provider and customer.

One Hundred Percent Transition Policy in Kenya & Self-Esteem among Learners

This article progresses from a research that was done to investigate the effects of one hundred percent transition policy on the self-esteem of learners in public secondary schools, within Butula Sub County, Busia County, Kenya. Guided by resilience theory, the article employs a descriptive survey design. The target comprises of 3235 participants, including 3206 students, 28 school principals and 1 Sub County Director of Education. Stratified random sampling was employed to ensure that all parts of the population were represented in the sample, as a measure of increasing its efficiency. Simple random sampling is utilized to give all participants an equal opportunity to participate in the study where the selection process was entirely based on luck. Purposive sampling was used to gain a deep understanding of phenomena from Sub County Director of Education sample as representative of education office. Data collection tools included interviews schedule, questionnaires, and observation guides. A pilot study ensured validity and reliability of data collection instrument. Quantitative data were analysed, revealed that implementation of 100% transition policy did not statistically significantly influence self-esteem of the learners, β = -0.694, t = -0.1250, p > 0.05. Consequently, the research article recommends for professional counselling to help students navigate emotional hurdles effectively thus improving their self-esteem

The Use Of Language That Creates Intent In Riddles Consequential From Social Variation In Tanzania

This article has examined how the aspect of language use creates intent in the riddles arising from social change in Tanzania. The primary data used in the analysis, discussion and presented in this article were found in the library by the method of careful reading. The target selection technique was used to find selected riddles by referring to the specific objective of the article aimed at investigating how the use of language creates intent in riddles resulting from social change. A review of the documents used to verify the primary data was obtained through electronic and library methods. The results of the study are presented in a descriptive manner. The analysis and discussion of the data presented was guided by the theory of New Historism. The results of the study show that there is a specific relationship between the elements of language in building the objectives that are linked to the changes that occur in society. The use of language elements has focused on the issue of context, time and the needs of society in designing a language that depicts the real situation in society. Also, the selected genre has given us a Figurative language that it is a solid link in building the foundations for understanding cultural change and the development of science and technology as an important tool in designing the mission and language of riddles that review those changes. This article recommends that more research be done to examine the role of riddles arising from social change in building sustainable foundations to maintain and strengthen traditional ideologies and philosophies in this country.

The Adaptive Approach In Digital Transformation of Primary Education: Implementation of Digitalization In Elementary Schools In Maluku

This article aims to analyze and explore the challenges faced by elementary schools in Maluku in the disruptive era, particularly regarding education transformation oriented towards digitalization. The significant changes in the education sector require elementary schools to not only focus on system innovation but also on shifting the mindset of educators in managing educational services and learning processes. This research uses a qualitative method, with a descriptive approach through in-depth interviews, observation, and literature reviews. The study found that the utilization of digital technology in elementary schools in Maluku faces various challenges, including limited infrastructure, insufficient human resource readiness, and resistance to change. However, adaptation to the disruptive era is inevitable, making it essential for schools in Maluku to immediately design effective strategies for implementing holistic digitalization. The research findings highlight the urgency of educational transformation in Maluku, where the success of digitalization largely depends on the mental readiness and skills of educational implementers. The study also shows that optimal digital transformation efforts will support the improvement of education quality amid global challenges. This article recommends developing human resource capacity and providing adequate technological infrastructure as strategic steps for advancing education in island regions. Hence, this article contributes new insights to social sciences and humanities studies, particularly in the context of elementary education digitalization in remote areas.

The Pursuit of Doctoral Studies in an African Context

This paper discusses the pursuit of doctoral studies in an African context. Doctoral studies are not a new development worldwide. It has been reported that the first conferred doctoral degree was at the University of Paris. This paper examines the situation of doctoral studies in Africa, the role of doctoral students, the role of supervisors, doctoral studies across the globe, and the challenges facing doctoral students in Africa. This paper reveals that the role of a doctoral student is planning research, scheduling meetings, searching for literature, carrying out the research, drafting the thesis preparation, proofreading the thesis, writing the final thesis, submitting the final thesis, defending the final thesis, publishing the final thesis, and communicating the findings in the form of publications. The situation of doctoral studies in Africa, the role of supervisors, doctoral studies across the globe, and the challenges facing doctoral students in Africa have been discussed. It is recommended that the research work should be collaborative to enhance sharing of ideas and knowledge, involvement in presentations at seminars, participating in conferences/workshops, commitment to a research plan, and if possible joining research associations or groups. In this article recommendations for the quality doctoral programs in Africa have been provided. The conclusion states that the effort and input of supervisors also play a critical role in the quality of doctoral students who are turned out at any point in time. So, the future of research in the African context needs special attention regarding the role of role of doctoral candidates, supervisors and the government itself.

Article Recommendations with Item-Based Collaborative Filtering on Online News Portals

News portals generate additional traffic or traffic visits from the article recommendation widget. However, it is unfortunate that the traffic visits obtained from the widget are still relatively small. The article recommendation widget is rarely clicked by readers because the available recommended articles are less relevant to readers, resulting in one reader only reading no more than 2 articles obtained from the article recommendation widget. The purpose of this study is to further optimize the currently available article recommendation widget feature by adding reader interest data so that the number of articles read by one user will increase and will directly have an impact on increasing traffic visits. The method used in this study is Item Based Collaborative Filtering. After using the item-based filtering method by calculating the set of items x read and the duration of the reader's time in reading item x. In this study, a simulation was given to one of the reader samples and it was found that the highest interest of the reader sample was in reading sports news with a calculation score is 0.743210. The results of this study are article recommendations that match the reader's interests. The results of the study are expected to help users find articles that match their interests and preferences, so that they can increase the level of interaction and engagement with online media.

Determining the materiality for auditing procedures in relation to integrated reporting

Subject. This article examines the problem of fragmentation of the methodology for auditing (certifying) non-financial reporting, namely, determining the materiality for auditing procedures in relation to integrated reporting. Objectives. The article aims to analyze and work out the existing methodological approach to determining materiality for auditing procedures in relation to integrated reporting, taking into account the features of modern corporate reporting and the requirements of international standards. Methods. For the study, I used logical analysis and synthesis. Results. The article proposes a systems approach to the implementation of audit procedures in terms of unifying the process of determining materiality in the context of the changing paradigm of corporate reporting. Conclusions. When determining materiality as part of audit procedures in relation to integrated reporting, the article recommends adhering to the principle of quantification of double materiality in relation to the financial materiality of the business process decomposed by the cost item.

How to Stop Worrying About What Other People Think of You at Work

This article discusses the negative impacts of worrying excessively about others' perceptions at work and provides strategies for overcoming people-pleasing tendencies through cultivating self-awareness, acceptance, and focusing on valuable outputs rather than impressions management or competitive comparisons. Constantly seeking approval and validation can be mentally and emotionally draining as well as hinder productivity and creativity, as research shows this stems from a lack of self-worth conditioned from childhood, particularly for women socialized to prioritize others. The article recommends developing self-awareness of intrinsic values and communication techniques like learning to say no comfortably, speaking concisely with purpose, and welcoming feedback graciously. Real-world case studies across industries illustrate applying these, such as a nonprofit director focusing meetings on solutions rather than disclaimers, a healthcare account manager prioritizing metrics over expectations, and an engineering lead openly discussing decisions while welcoming different perspectives. Overcoming ingrained people-pleasing allows professionals to feel empowered contributing their best work through self-development and outcome-driven mindsets.

Examining the merits of feature-specific similarity functions in the news domain using human judgments

Online news article recommendations are typically of the ‘more like this’ type, generated by similarity functions. Across three studies, we examined the representativeness of different similarity functions for news item retrieval, by comparing them to human judgments of similarity. In Study 1 (N=401\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$N=401$$\\end{document}), participants assessed the overall similarity of ten randomly paired news articles on politics and compared their judgments to different feature-specific similarity functions (e.g., based on body text or images). In Study 2, we checked for domain differences in a mixed-methods survey (N=45\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$N=45$$\\end{document}), surfacing evidence that the effectiveness of similarity functions differs across different news categories (‘Recent Events’, ‘Sport’). In Study 3 (N=173\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$N=173$$\\end{document}), we improved the design of Study 1, by controlling for how news articles were matched, differentiating between dissimilar news articles and articles that were matched on a shared topic, named entities, and/or date of publication, across ‘Recent Events’ and ‘Sport’ categories. Across all studies, we found that users mostly used text-based features (e.g., body text, title) for their similarity judgments, while BodyText:TF-IDF was found to be the most representative for their judgments. Moreover, the strength of similarity judgments by humans and similarity scores by feature-specific functions was strongly affected by how news article pairs were matched. We show that humans and similarity functions are better aligned when two news articles are more alike, such as in a news recommendation scenario.

Identifying Specific Targets for the Member States to Achieve the European Union's Goal of 50 per cent Reduction in Sales of Veterinary Antimicrobials by 2030

SummaryThis article proposes a tailored approach to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock among EU countries, in alignment with the EU Farm‐to‐Fork initiative that targets a 50 per cent reduction by 2030. We argue against a one‐size‐fits‐all target and introduce country‐specific targets based on individual factors such as current antimicrobial sales, GDP, and livestock and human densities. Using data from the European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC), the article identifies countries with high densities of animals and humans, as well as high levels of AMU per livestock unit, such as Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain and Poland, as needing to prioritise greater reduction efforts. The article also underlines the need for a more precise EU‐level indicator of AMU, as sales do not directly represent use. It suggests that specific targets and regulations should apply to antimicrobials classified as ‘Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials’ by the WHO. The article recommends extending these targets to different sectors and even individual farms, with high‐consumption sectors and poorly performing farms making greater efforts. By considering these factors, the article aims to provide a fair and effective approach to reducing AMU, mitigate the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance, and contribute to achieving the Farm‐to‐Fork strategy AMU reduction target.

Green School Buildings and Environmental Holistic Elements Approach to Cope with Hot and Humid Climate Challenges – Bahrain Case Study

Public schools in Bahrain and in the Arabian Gulf Region are facing poor indoor and outdoor environments due to the prevailing problem of harsh hot humid weather most of the year. This leads to high consumption of energy, and other resources due to the nature function of the schools. This necessitates effective actions to fill the gap and address properly the climate issues, consumption of resources, and design challenges. Reviewing related literature indicated a lack of Arab region studies in this field, in contrast to Foreign Studies. This gap includes items such as knowledge, data collection, design flaws, performance, guidelines and others. The objectives of this article are to investigate, and identify factors, green elements and possible solutions contributing to sustaining green public-school buildings and the environment while saving national resources and meeting performance sustainable criteria for school buildings and students. Literature review and qualitative descriptive method are essential investigation methodologies. The goal of qualitative descriptive studies is a comprehensive summarization and categorical. Literature review was the main action in the process to start exploring prior research and published works on green school buildings. Collected data on research materials published by reliable professional institutions and research are reviewed, explored, identified, categorized, and summarized in outputs. These are discussed and analyzed to ensure their positive influence on schools’ buildings and address collective challenges. Findings can be summarized in the following outputs: Characteristics. Advantages. Guidelines and standards. Green Building Council’s influence. Performance and rating tools for schools and students. Statistics. Innovation and Case studies and Lessons learned. The first Bahrain green school case study will contribute to the exchange experience with others concerned. In conclusion, this article recommends greening school buildings and environment design through various sustainable elements that are included in the results to enhance school buildings, the environment and student performance.

A Web-Based Academic Article Recommendation System: Survey

The rise of the internet and intelligent gadgets has increased platform traffic, collecting data to detect user preferences. Researchers need help finding relevant material due to the rapid proliferation of academic papers across fields. Academic article recommendation systems (ARSs) help solve this problem by suggesting articles based on research interests and needs. Academic article recommendation algorithms help navigate the vast scholarly literature. Researchers, students, and academics utilize them to find articles that match their interests and study emphasis in enormous databases. This review covers recommendation algorithms, data sources, assessment metrics, and user interfaces in ARS research. This survey also examines new trends and research directions, such as advanced machine learning and semantic analysis

Modelling Neutrosophic Agility Index: A Mathematical Framework

Introduction: This study uses a fuzzy-based methodology that combines agility score and certainty functions to assess the values of learning mathematics quickly. The paper emphasises the need of understanding the value of learning mathematics through tools like the Neutronosophic Agility Index in addition to discussing the usage of surveys to assess it. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the values of learning mathematics’ agility by employing a fuzzy based methodology that integrates score and certainty functions. Finding out how agile the values are now and looking into ways to make them more agile are the objectives. Method: A paradigm for assessing the values of learning mathematical skills agility is established using a neutrosophic fuzzy method. The agility score is calculated to evaluate the level of agility. Additionally, the article recommends carrying out additional research using particular performance assessment standards. Result: The findings show that, according to its agility score, the benefit of knowing mathematics is "fairly agile". It implies the possibility of more progress by putting improvement recommendations into practice. It also emphasises the relationship between performance, agility, and organisational culture, underscoring the necessity for additional research employing a variety of fuzzy methodologies. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study is represented by agility scores corresponding to specific values. Self-confidence, with an agility score of 0.5377, ranks first, indicating reasonable confidence in decision-making. Perseverance (score: 0.5356) reflects resilience and determination. Decision-making (score: 0.5239) suggests a balanced approach. Tolerance (score: 0.5185) relates to handling diversity. Higher Order Thinking (score: 0.5166) involves cognitive abilities. The average agility score (0.5265) falls within the ‘Fairly Agile’ range. Enhancing these values can lead to higher agility categories.

Syaikh Ahmad Khatib Minangkabau dan Kontekstualisasi Syair Arab dalam Isbāt Al-Zain li Sulh Al-Jamā’atain

This article focuses on the authority of Shaikh Ahmad bin Abdul Lat}i>f al-Khati>b al-Jawi> al-Minkabawi> or Shaikh Ahmad Khatib Minangkabau (1860-1916) - abbreviated as Shaikh Ahmad Khatib - in the field of Arabic poetry in his work, Is}ba>t al-Zain li S}ulh al-Jama'atain bi Jawa>z Ta'addud al-Jumu'atain between pages 21-71. This work, although it discusses fiqh and his debate with Sayyid Usman Betawi over Friday prayers in Palembang at the end of the 19th century, contains many verses used in the context of making his argument. In fact, so far, he is only known as a figure in the fields of fiqh, tawhid, and tasawwuf. In this article, the side that has never been studied is from the side of his authority in Arabic poetry and then contextualizing the poetry in an argumentative debate with Sayyid Usman. Through a historical approach and Arabic literature, the results show that Syaikh Ahmad Khatib is an authoritative scholar in this field. This is because he is able to use it in the context of argumentation. However, his authority in this field is in the stage of quoting Arabic poetry from the compiler; not yet in the stage of creating. This article recommends that further research be conducted on Shaykh Ahmad Khatib's authority in this field in terms of his ability to create poetry in accordance with the rules and knowledge of Arabic literature.

RefAI: a GPT-powered retrieval-augmented generative tool for biomedical literature recommendation and summarization.

Precise literature recommendation and summarization are crucial for biomedical professionals. While the latest iteration of generative pretrained transformer (GPT) incorporates 2 distinct modes-real-time search and pretrained model utilization-it encounters challenges in dealing with these tasks. Specifically, the real-time search can pinpoint some relevant articles but occasionally provides fabricated papers, whereas the pretrained model excels in generating well-structured summaries but struggles to cite specific sources. In response, this study introduces RefAI, an innovative retrieval-augmented generative tool designed to synergize the strengths of large language models (LLMs) while overcoming their limitations. RefAI utilized PubMed for systematic literature retrieval, employed a novel multivariable algorithm for article recommendation, and leveraged GPT-4 turbo for summarization. Ten queries under 2 prevalent topics ("cancer immunotherapy and target therapy" and "LLMs in medicine") were chosen as use cases and 3 established counterparts (ChatGPT-4, ScholarAI, and Gemini) as our baselines. The evaluation was conducted by 10 domain experts through standard statistical analyses for performance comparison. The overall performance of RefAI surpassed that of the baselines across 5 evaluated dimensions-relevance and quality for literature recommendation, accuracy, comprehensiveness, and reference integration for summarization, with the majority exhibiting statistically significant improvements (P-values <.05). RefAI demonstrated substantial improvements in literature recommendation and summarization over existing tools, addressing issues like fabricated papers, metadata inaccuracies, restricted recommendations, and poor reference integration. By augmenting LLM with external resources and a novel ranking algorithm, RefAI is uniquely capable of recommending high-quality literature and generating well-structured summaries, holding the potential to meet the critical needs of biomedical professionals in navigating and synthesizing vast amounts of scientific literature.