International audience

A biodiversidade funcional é uma mais-valia para os sistemas agrícolas, em particular pelo papel que desempenha na promoção de vários serviços do ecossistema, designadamente a limitação natural dos inimigos das culturas. A biodiversidade de artrópodes associados à cultura da aveleira em Portugal, em particular no que se refere à fauna auxiliar, é pouco conhecida, resumindo-se a listagens das pragas mais relevantes. Neste sentido, com o objetivo de contribuir para a conservação e promoção da biodiversidade funcional, na cultura da aveleira, importa conhecer a diversidade e abundância de artrópodes deste agroecossistema. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no pomar de aveleiras da Estação Agrária de Viseu, conduzido em modo de produção biológico. Procedeu-se à recolha de artrópodes, quinzenalmente, entre maio e agosto de 2018, através da técnica das pancadas, após o que foram triados em laboratório e separados por ordens, morfotipos e tipos funcionais (predadores, parasitóides, fitófagos, detritívoros e indiferentes). Capturaram-se 1557 artrópodes pertencentes a 9 ordens da classe Insecta (88% dos exemplares) e à classe Arachnida (ordem: Araneae). Relativamente à classe Insecta, as ordens mais abundantes foram: Hemiptera – subordem Heteroptera, (Anthocoridae e Miridae), Coleoptera (maior número de morfotipos, em particular da família Coccinelidae) e, ainda, Hymenoptera, Dermaptera e Neuroptera. Palavras-chave: frutos secos, entomofauna, biodiversidade funcional, Corylus avellana L.

A parasite is a daily routine structure that experiences on or inside a host life form and gets its food from the cost of its host. There are three rule classes of parasites that can cause infections in people: Protozoa, Helminths, and Ectoparasites. Protozoa are minuscule, single-celled living beings that can be free-living or parasitic in nature. They can duplicate in people, which adds to their endurance and moreover allows genuine illnesses to create from a solitary life form. Transmission of protozoa that live in a human's stomach related framework to another human that normally happens through a fecal-oral course (for instance, tainted food or water or individual to-singular contact). Protozoa that live in the blood or tissue of people are communicated to different people by an arthropod vector (for instance, through the nibble of a mosquito or sand fly).

Water is a precious natural resource which made life possible on earth. Most of the human civilization occurred on the banks of rivers. Pollution is the major problem faced by rivers of the world. Rivers are mainly polluted due to anthropogenic activities like disposal of sewage and industrial effluents, excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, sand mining, construction activities, etc. Many of the major rivers of Kerala are on the brink of death due to the pollution crisis. Prevention of pollution and conservation of rivers is very important for the protection of the health of the ecosystem as well as our economy. Proper studies related to water quality index of rivers are necessary to understand the pollution rate of rivers. As a result of this assistance, a proper remedy to protect from pollution assures good water and their sustainability for our future generations. The present study focuses the comparison and analysis of the physico-chemical and entomological parameters of two lotic ecosystems. Neyyar river was taken as the reference site and downstream stretches of Karamana river was taken as the test site. Water samples and arthropods were collected from the selected sites of the study areas during the pre-monsoon period of 2020. The parameters analyzed for this study were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, dissolved carbon dioxide and productivity. Entomological parameters were also studied to compare the pollution rate of these sites. The correlation of these parameters were analyzed to prove its statistical significance. The downstream stretches of Karamana river seemed to be highly polluted while comparing with the upstream stretches of Neyyar river due to the increased human settlement and anthropogenic activities.

Floral characteristics of heritage orchard varieties and the link to host-selection by beneficial arthropods

Over the past years, the nematode species from the Onchocercidae family, Setaria tundra, has expanded its range by thousands of kilometres from subpolar to subtropical climate zone. Its presence has been confirmed in seven new countries. The appearance of this parasite in many other European countries, especially central and southern ones, is highly probable. In recent years, its mass appearance has led to the numerous fall of reindeer in Fennoscandia, thus causing significant economic damage. There is also a growing risk of its gradation in Central Europe, which threatens overpopulated wild deer species and possibly farm animals, however there is no information if other than mosquitoes blood-sucking arthropods act as its vector. This paper covers the range of occurrence of S. tundra in Europe, all of the reported intermediate and definitive hosts, phylogeny, biology, morphology, health effects, and treatment methods.

This database contains data on the amount of grit particles and arthropods ingested by six hummingbird species sampled in a seasonal ecosystem in western Mexico. Data were collected from the stomach content analysis of the sampled hummingbirds over a one-year period. Data presented are: 1) the total number of grit particles per stomach, 2) the biomass of arthropods ingested (g dry weight/stomach), 3) the Orders of arthropods ingested, and 4) the average chitin content of arthropods ingested (percentage dry weight).

Galli, Loris, Capurro, Matteo, Colasanto, Elisa, Molyneux, Tony, Murray, Andy, Torti, Carlo, Zinni, Matteo (2019): A synopsis of the ecology of Protura (Arthropoda: Hexapoda). Revue suisse de Zoologie 126 (2): 155-164, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3463443

List of arthropod species collected on 30 green roofs studied in central Argentina. For each morphospecies, the class, order, family, functional feeding group, and total abundance (∑) are indicated.

Whether or not arthropods are sentient, they can have moral standing. Appeals to sentience are not necessary and retard progress in human treatment of other species, including invertebrates. Other increasingly well-documented aspects of invertebrate minds are pertinent to their welfare. Even if arthropods are not sentient, they can be agents whose goals—and therefore interests—can be frustrated. This kind of agency is sufficient for moral status and requires that we consider their welfare.

Generalist arthropod predators often exhibit a range of intraguild interactions reducing their potential efficacy as biological control agents. These interactions may include consumptive or nonconsumptive effects that mediate the impacts of herbivores. We examined interactions among 2 generalist predators, the striped lynx spider (Oxyopes salticus Hentz; Araneae: Oxyopidae) and an ant (Lasius neoniger Emery; Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and a herbivore, the green cloverworm (Hypena scabra F.; Lepidoptera: Erebidae), all prevalent in central Kentucky soybean agroecosystems. We hypothesized that individual predator treatments would reduce green cloverworm survival and resultant leaf damage, but that predators would interfere with each other when both were present. To study these interactions, field cages containing potted soybeans were used to examine 8 treatment combinations (control, cloverworm, spider, ant, spider + cloverworm, ant + cloverworm, ant + spider, and ant + spider + cloverworm). When proportional leaf damage was compared, spider, ant + spider, and spider + cloverworm treatments had significantly less damage than the ant, ant + cloverworm, and ant + spider + cloverworm treatments. Spider presence tended to decrease plant damage while ant presence significantly increased damage. No differences among treatments were found for either spider or cloverworm recovery, indicating potential nonconsumptive effects of ants that may include compensatory feeding. We found that generalist predators, such as L. neoniger, can inhibit biological control due to nonconsumptive interactions even when the same species in a different system provides substantial levels of pest suppression. Resumen Los depredadores de artropodos generalistas a menudo exhiben un rango de interacciones intra-gremial (entre el grupo depredador) reduciendo su eficacia potencial como agentes de control biologico. Estas interacciones pueden incluir efectos consuntivos o no consuntivos que median los impactos de los herbivoros. Examinamos las interacciones entre dos depredadores generalistas, la arana lince rayada (Oxyopes salticus Hentz; Araneae: Oxyopidae) y una hormiga (Lasius neoniger Emery; Hymenoptera: Formicidae), y un herbivoro, el gusano verde de trebol (Hypena scabra F.; Lepidoptera: Erebidae), todos prevalentes en los agroecosistemas de soja del centro del estado de Kentucky. Presumimos que los tratamientos de depredadores individuales reducirian la sobrevivencia del gusano verde de trebol y el dano resultante en las hojas, pero que los depredadores interferirian entre si cuando ambos estuvieran presentes. Para estudiar estas interacciones, se utilizaron jaulas de campo que contenian soja en maceta para examinar 8 combinaciones de tratamiento (el control, el gusano verde de trebol, arana, hormiga, arana + el gusano verde de trebol, hormiga + el gusano verde de trebol, hormiga + arana, y hormiga + arana + el gusano verde de trebol). Cuando se comparo el dano proporcional de las hojas, los tratamientos de arana, hormiga + arana y arana + el gusano verde de trebol tuvieron un dano significativamente menor que los tratamientos de hormiga, hormiga + el gusano verde de trebol y hormiga + arana + el gusano verde de trebol. La presencia de las aranas tiende a disminuir el dano a las plantas, mientras que la presencia de las hormigas aumenta significativamente el dano. No se encontraron diferencias entre los tratamientos para la recuperacion de la arana o el gusano verde de trebol, lo que indica posibles efectos no consuntivos de las hormigas que pueden incluir la alimentacion compensatoria. Descubrimos que los depredadores generalistas, como L. neoniger, pueden inhibir el control biologico debido a interacciones no consumidoras, incluso cuando la misma especie en un sistema diferente proporciona niveles sustanciales de supresion de plagas. Key Words: Hypena scabra; field cage; food web; Lasius neoniger; Oxyopes salticus View this article in BioOne

Olives are a potential emerging crop for the state of Florida, USA, and the pest arthropods in commercial groves in the state are under-studied. Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are an almost ubiquitous concern among specialty crop growers in Florida. Yellow and blue sticky card traps were used to survey the canopies of trees in 4 North Central Florida olive groves to determine thrips abundance and distribution over 2 growing seasons. Of the 16 species of thrips identified, most were Frankliniella spp., with Florida flower thrips, Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), being the most abundant species for both yr. Yellow traps were more effective for most species of thrips, although several species were more abundant on blue traps. No consistent differences between yr existed. Although overall abundance of flower feeding thrips species coincided with flowering events in the olive orchards, there was insufficient flowering to make statistical correlations between the peak of thrips abundance and flowering events in the olive groves. The results of this study will be useful in informing future economic threshold analyses of Thysanoptera in Florida olive groves. Resumen Las aceitunas son un cultivo potencial emergente para el Estado de la Florida, EE. UU., y los artropodos plagas en los bosques comerciales del estado estan poco estudiados. Los trips (orden Thysanoptera) son una preocupacion casi omnipresente entre los productores de cultivos especializados en la Florida. Se usaron trampas adhesivas amarillas y azules para examinar las copas de los arboles en 4 olivares del norte central de la Florida para determinar la abundancia y distribucion de trips durante 2 temporadas de crecimiento. De las 16 especies de trips identificadas, la mayoria fueron Frankliniella spp., con el trips de flores de la Florida, Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), siendo la especie mas abundante para ambos anos. Las trampas amarillas fueron mas efectivas para la mayoria de las especies de trips, aunque varias especies fueron mas abundantes en las trampas azules. No existieron diferencias consistentes entre los anos. Aunque la abundancia general de especies de trips que se alimentan de las flores coincidio con los eventos de floracion en los huertos de olivos, no hubo suficiente floracion para hacer correlaciones estadisticas entre el pico de abundancia de trips y los eventos de floracion en los olivares. Los resultados de este estudio seran utiles para informar futuros analisis de umbral economico de los Thysanoptera en los olivares de la Florida. Key Words: thrips; flower pest; Frankliniella bispinosa; Homalodisca vitripennis; olives; Olea europaea View this article in BioOne

Data analysis of RNA-seq experiments on axenic and non-axenic conditions, Related to Figure 5. Data shows differentially expressed genes upon axenic or non-axenic conditions in Mpc1hdz mutant. Relative expression values (Log2 ratio > |1| ) of significantly differentially expressed genes (adj.p.value < 0.05) of WT compared to Mpc1hdz plants grown in axenic control conditions and in non-axenic conditions..

Within- and across-year legacy effects of herbivores on plant-associated arthropods and reproductive success in a perennial herb

Anthurium bustamanteae Croat, E. Freire, R. Bleiweiss & F. Sornoza Molina is here described and illustrated. The species is an Ecuadorean member of section Cardiolonchium Schott and has a reddish inflorescence that is visited by birds and arthropods. The species is most similar to A. sanguineum Engl., another bird-visited species.

Wetlands provide important habitat for various birds. Invasive plants can disrupt wetland food webs by altering the arthropod assemblages (invertebrate animals such as spiders, mites, insects, centipedes, and millipedes) on which these birds rely. However, differences between the wetland arthropods found in invasive vs. native vegetation are poorly defined. Wetlands are often managed for the creation of bird habitat through invasive species removal and native plant revegetation, yet few studies have examined the effects of these restoration methods on arthropod bird food sources. <em>Phragmites australis</em> (common reed), is an aggressive grass species in wetlands surrounding the Great Salt Lake, Utah, U.S.A. <em>Phragmites</em> dramatically alters the structure and composition of bird habitat by outcompeting native vegetation. While removing <em>Phragmites</em> can help restore bird habitat, the effects of <em>Phragmites</em> invasion and wetland restoration on arthropod bird food sources is unclear. Therefore, an understanding of how arthropods interact with both native vegetation and <em>Phragmites</em> and of arthropod assemblage changes following <em>Phragmites</em> removal and restoration efforts is necessary for the management of bird habitat. To address these knowledge gaps, this study identified differences in the arthropod assemblages associated with native and invasive habitats, assessed the role of restoration method in determining the arthropods found in previously-restored wetlands, and examined arthropod responses to native plant recovery following <em>Phragmites</em> removal. Results of this research indicated few differences between the arthropod assemblages associated with <em>Phragmites</em> and two native vegetation types and highlighted the importance of one native species, <em>Salicornia rubra</em>, which provided unique arthropod habitat. In addition, restoration method did not substantially affect the arthropods found in previously-invaded wetlands, yet <em>Phragmites</em> removal and native plant recovery increased arthropod abundance and activity. This research provides a framework for assessing arthropods as a food source for birds in wetlands and has several restoration implications for both the Great Salt Lake region and <em>Phragmites</em>-invaded wetlands across North America. By identifying the ways in which arthropods use both native and invasive vegetation and monitoring arthropods following invasive species removal and restoration, observed changes in their assemblages can offer a measure of restoration success in wetlands managed for bird habitat.

These data were collected from conventionally managed, tilled, corn fields in northwest Ohio. The data include ground arthropod abundance, microbial abundance, extracellular enzymes, and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient pools. See associated paper for more details on data collection and sites. The spreadsheet includes a tab that describes the meaning of columns names.

Sewage sludge is an organic matter-rich material with abundant fractions of nitrogen and other macro and micronutrients, essential for plant growth and development such as <i>Acacia mangium</i> Willd. (Fabales: Fabaceae) used in recovering actions of degraded areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate over 24 months the abundance and diversity of chewing and pollinator insects and arthropod predators on <i>A. mangium</i> plants and the mass production and soil coverage by this plant, fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge, in a degraded area. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with two treatments (with and without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 replications. The number of leaves per branch and branches per plant, defoliation percentage by chewing insects, soil cover and abundance of chewing and pollinator insects and arthropod predators were higher on <i>A. mangium</i> plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. <i>Nasutitermes</i> sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae) and <i>Trigona spinipes</i> F. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were the most observed insects on trunks and leaves, respectively, of <i>A. mangium</i> plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. The <i>A. mangium</i> fertilization increases the populations of different insect and spider groups on this plant.

Corticolous arthropods collected from the trunks of sugar maple, pignut hickory, yellow poplar, white oak, and american beech trees in southern Illinois.

In Senegal, we have developed technology-driven research based on observation and technology transfer especially in molecular biology, genomics, culturomics, and proteomics with the use of the first Maldi-TOF mass spectrometer in clinical microbiology in Africa. This strategy is associated with a policy of training students from the South and helping them to return back. This technology transfer and expertise has enabled us to explore the causes of non-malarial fevers of unknown causes, with the study of the repertoire of infectious pathogens in humans and arthropod vectors, to diagnose infectious diseases in rural areas with Point of Care laboratories, to isolate new bacteria, and to study pathologies linked to mass gatherings. They have also allowed us to develop transdisciplinary research including the study of the microbiota in malnourished children. We wish to continue this technological development, which provides the foundation for high-level research in Senegal.