Arthropod Responses Research Articles

Soil-Dwelling Arthropods’ Response to Land Abandonment Is Taxon-Specific in a Mediterranean Olive Grove Agroecosystem

Agricultural land abandonment is an increasing concern in the EU, especially in Mediterranean regions where traditional perennial crops like olive groves are left unmanaged. This study focuses on the impact of land abandonment on soil-dwelling arthropods in olive groves in Monte Pisano, Tuscany, examining ants, spiders, myriapods, and carabids. Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, the potential olive fruit fly predator community was analyzed over two sampling periods repeated over two years to assess the effects of both abandonment and its proximity to managed fields. Ants were significantly more abundant in managed fields next to abandoned ones, though there were no differences between managed and abandoned fields. Spider abundance did not respond to abandonment nor proximity. Myriapods were more abundant in abandoned fields during the first sampling period, but the proximity of an abandoned field had no effect. Carabids were more abundant in managed fields, especially those adjacent to other managed fields. These results indicate that arthropod responses to abandonment are taxon-specific, highlighting that a mosaic of managed and abandoned fields can both enhance and reduce olive fruit fly predator abundance. Conservation strategies should integrate varying management intensities to optimize biodiversity in Mediterranean agroecosystems. Future research should investigate long-term effects and specific predator responses to abandonment.

Do Sex Ratio Distorting Microbes Inhibit the Evolution of Pesticide Resistance? An Experimental Test.

We are still largely reliant on pesticides for the suppression of arthropod pests which threaten human health and food production, but the recent rise of evolved resistance among important pest species has reduced pesticide efficacy. Despite this, our understanding of strategies that effectively limit the evolution of resistance remains weak. Male-killing sex ratio distorting microbes (SRDMs), such as Wolbachia and Spiroplasma, are common among arthropod species. Previous theoretical work has suggested that they could limit adaptive potential in two ways: first, because by distorting sex ratios they reduce the effective population size, and second, because infected females produce no male offspring which restricts gene flow. Here we present the results of a novel experiment in which we test the extent by which these two mechanisms limit the adaptive response of arthropods to pesticide. Using a fully factorial design, we manipulated the adult sex ratio of laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster, both in the presence and absence of SRDMs, and exposed these populations to six generations of pesticide poisoning. This design allows the effects of SRDMs on sex ratio and their effects on gene flow to be estimated separately. After six generations, individuals from populations with even sex ratios displayed a higher resistance to pesticide relative to individuals from female-biased populations. By contrast, we found no effect of the presence of SRDMs in host populations on pesticide resistance independent of sex ratio. In addition, males were more susceptible to pesticide than females-this was true of flies from both naïve and previously exposed populations. These findings provide the first empirical proof of concept that sex ratio distortion arising from SRDMs can limit adaptation to pesticides, but cast doubt on the theoretical effect of male-killers limiting adaptation by disrupting gene flow.

Unveiling Arthropod Responses to Climate Change: A Functional Trait Analysis in Intensive Pastures.

This study investigates the impact of elevated temperatures on arthropod communities in intensively managed pastures on the volcanic island of Terceira, Azores (Portugal), using a functional trait approach. Open Top Chambers (OTCs) were employed to simulate increased temperatures, and the functional traits of ground dwelling arthropods were analyzed along a small elevation gradient (180-400 m) during winter and summer. Key findings include lower abundances of herbivores, coprophagous organisms, detritivores, and fungivores at high elevations in summer, with predators showing a peak at middle elevations. Larger-bodied arthropods were more prevalent at higher elevations during winter, while beetles exhibited distinct ecological traits, with larger species peaking at middle elevations. The OTCs significantly affected the arthropod communities, increasing the abundance of herbivores, predators, coprophagous organisms, and fungivores during winter by alleviating environmental stressors. Notably, iridescent beetles decreased with elevation and were more common inside OTCs at lower elevations, suggesting a thermoregulatory advantage. The study underscores the importance of considering functional traits in assessing the impacts of climate change on arthropod communities and highlights the complex, species-specific nature of their responses to environmental changes.

Vegetation structure and climate shape mountain arthropod distributions across trophic levels.

Arthropods play a vital role in ecosystems; yet, their distributions remain poorly understood, particularly in mountainous regions. This study delves into the modelling of the distribution of 31 foliar arthropod genera in the French Alps, using a comprehensive approach encompassing multi-trophic sampling, community DNA metabarcoding and random forest models. The results underscore the significant importance of vegetation structure, such as herbaceous vegetation density, and forest density and heterogeneity, along with climate, in shaping the distributions of most arthropods. These responses to environmental gradients are consistent across trophic groups, with the exception of nectarivores, whose distributions are more sensitive to landscape structure and water availability. By leveraging community DNA metabarcoding, this study sheds light on the understudied drivers of arthropod distributions, emphasizing the importance of modelling across diverse trophic groups to anticipate arthropod responses to global change.

An improved method to assess the encapsulation response in arthropods

Ecoimmunology explores how ecological factors and evolutionary processes influence immune responses across various taxa and how immune responses trade-off with other traits. Studying immune responses requires biologically meaningful immunoassays applicable to a broad range of taxa and are sensitive enough to detect changes in the immune response. Useful immunoassays should also correlate with immunocompetence and fitness. The encapsulation response, a complex immune mechanism in arthropods, serves as a robust method for ecoimmunological investigations. However, traditional methods to test the encapsulation response can require long training. This study introduces an innovative, cost-effective method for assessing the encapsulation immune response in arthropods, which simplifies the procedure by reducing the training time and skill required. Our modified device utilizes a pen and syringe assembly for inserting monofilaments into arthropod larvae. We compared our device against traditional methods. Despite the new method being 22% faster, it did not compromise the accuracy or effectiveness of the encapsulation response when compared with traditional techniques, demonstrating similar degrees of melanization and encapsulation. Our method allowed for more accessible participation by less experienced researchers, such as undergraduates, facilitating their involvement in ecoimmunological research.

Mining exploration infrastructure affects biophysical habitat characteristics and ground-dwelling arthropod communities

Monitoring of environmental impacts of mining activities typically focuses on the main operation footprint, neglecting exploration infrastructure like tracks, roads, and drill pads. These areas are cleared of native vegetation and impacts on the surrounding environment can be both cumulative and enigmatic. Here, we study the impacts of mining exploration infrastructure on habitat characteristics and ground-dwelling arthropod communities in the Midwest region of Western Australia. The study was conducted at three mine sites, each with three infrastructure types: maintained tracks, unmaintained tracks, and drill pads along transects extending 100 m away from the disturbance into remnant vegetation. Habitat characteristics were measured, and arthropods collected from pitfall traps along these transects and identified using COI metabarcoding. The overall arthropod community and two indicator groups, ants (Formicidae) and springtails (Collembola) - were used to measure arthropod responses to changes in response to habitat disturbance. Whilst changes in habitat were only visible to 10 m from the disturbance, impacts on arthropod communities could be detected up to 100 m into the remnant vegetation, and these responses were more complex. In general, we found similar patterns expressed in the compositional changes for arthropods overall and between our chosen indicator groups, but they were not the same across all sites and infrastructure types. Our results demonstrate the utility of bulk arthropod metabarcoding and different arthropod indicator groups for documenting the effects of fine-scale habitat destruction, degradation, or disturbance. They also highlight the need to monitor the negative impacts of mineral exploration on the environment.

Plant Cyanogenic-Derived Metabolites and Herbivore Counter-Defences.

The release of cyanide from cyanogenic precursors is the central core of the plant defences based on the cyanogenesis process. Although cyanide is formed as a coproduct of some metabolic routes, its production is mostly due to the degradation of cyanohydrins originating from cyanogenic glycosides in cyanogenic plants and the 4-OH-ICN route in Brassicaceae. Cyanohydrins are then hydrolysed in a reversible reaction generating cyanide, being both, cyanohydrins and cyanide, toxic compounds with potential defensive properties against pests and pathogens. Based on the production of cyanogenic-derived molecules in response to the damage caused by herbivore infestation, in this review, we compile the actual knowledge of plant cyanogenic events in the plant-pest context. Besides the defensive potential, the mode of action, and the targets of the cyanogenic compounds to combat phytophagous insects and acari, special attention has been paid to arthropod responses and the strategies to overcome the impact of cyanogenesis. Physiological and behavioural adaptations, as well as cyanide detoxification by β-cyanoalanine synthases, rhodaneses, and cyanases are common ways of phytophagous arthropods defences against the cyanide produced by plants. Much experimental work is needed to further understand the complexities and specificities of the defence-counter-defence system to be applied in breeding programs.

Body size responses to urban temperature variations are driven by life history traits in spiders

Abstract Urban ecosystems exhibit altered environmental conditions compared to the rural surroundings, including higher temperatures, the so‐called urban heat island (UHI) effect. Along urbanisation gradients, temperature variations occur at various scales ranging from the landscape to the microhabitat, with possible consequences on living organisms. As ectothermic animals, arthropods are particularly affected by UHIs because warming may directly induce physiological effects on their metabolism. Body size is a commonly used metric to investigate arthropod responses to thermal stress, but the scale‐dependent role of temperature variation as predictor of body size remains unclear. To assess temperature–size relationships across spatial scales and test if a common pattern to several species emerges, we performed morphological measurements on 2283 individuals representing 11 spider species belonging to Hahniidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae and Tetragnathidae. Spiders were collected on 36 grasslands distributed along a broad UHI gradient. Intraspecific shifts in body size were related to temperature in the Lycosids Pardosa prativaga and Pardosa pullata at the landscape and local scales, respectively, whereas no clear effects were observed regarding the other examined species. In both species, sex was an important endogenous factor that modulated individual responses; females were more affected than males by temperature. The contrasting amplitudes of the responses observed among Lycodids and the other species indicate that large, low dispersive and univoltine species are under a stronger influence of temperature than small bivotline species that can disperse aerially. Our results on spiders highlight that considering species‐specific life history traits helps to understand contrasting responses among species, and this may be essential for drawing general patterns of phenotypic changes among arthropods under anthropogenic warming. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

First multitaxon assessment of arthropod responses to urbanisation in a widely distributed native and ruderal plant of Brazil

Abstract Unplanned urban development has consequences for natural ecosystems, resulting in habitat fragmentation and loss. Arthropod responses to urbanisation are well documented in the Global North, but no clear responses are found for the Global South. We assessed beta diversity, composition, richness and abundance responses of arthropods in Turnera subulata in an urbanisation gradient. Urbanisation affected arthropod communities' composition, and more urbanised areas showed lower insect richness and abundance. Arthropod taxa did not respond homogeneously to urbanisation. Turnover best explained the change in beta diversity along the urbanisation gradient, indicating urbanisation causes species replacement compared to less urbanised areas. We found negative results of urbanisation on the arthropod community on flowers of T. subulata. Our results are a first approximation to the effects of rural–urban gradient of urbanisation on multiple arthropod taxon in Brazil, highlighting the need for maintenance of urban green areas to allow the existence of a richer and more diverse community, especially in the face of the arthropod biodiversity crisis that we are experiencing.

The importance of habitat type and historical fire regimes in arthropod community response following large-scale wildfires.

Novel wildfire regimes are rapidly changing global ecosystems and pose significant challenges for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. In this study, we used DNA metabarcoding to assess the response of arthropod pollinator communities to large-scale wildfires across diverse habitat types in California. We sampled six reserves within the University of California Natural Reserve System, each of which was partially burned in the 2020 Lightning Complex wildfires in California. Using yellow pan traps to target pollinators, we collected arthropods from burned and unburned sites across multiple habitat types including oak woodland, redwood, scrub, chamise, grassland, forest, and serpentine habitats. We found no significant difference in alpha diversity values between burned and unburned sites; instead, seasonal variations played a significant role in arthropod community dynamics, with the emergence of plant species in Spring promoting increased pollinator richness at all sites. When comparing all sites, we found that burn status was not a significant grouping factor. Instead, compositional differences were largely explained by geographic differences, with distinct communities within each reserve. Within a geographic area, the response of arthropods to fire was dependent on habitat type. While communities in grasslands and oak woodlands exhibited recovery following burn, scrublands experienced substantial changes in community composition. Our study highlights the importance of examining community responses to wildfires across broad spatial scales and diverse habitat types. By understanding the nuanced dynamics of arthropod communities in response to fire disturbances, we can develop effective conservation strategies that promote resilience and maintain biodiversity in the face of increasing wildfire frequency and severity driven by climate change.

Insect taxa as biodiversity indicators at selected coastal landscape

For monitoring responses of insect arthropods to disturbance, a dataset of 1831 insects was considered. We studied faunal diversity of insects in terraces habitats located on the coast of Lebanon. Insects were sampled from 12 sites having different habitats with one sampling method of combined pitfall-pan trap. This study resulted in nine insect orders and 129 morphospecies. Hymenoptera was the most abundant order in all habitats (63.57%) followed by the orders Diptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Dictyoptera and Thysanoptera. This coast was classified with medium biodiversity index (D) of 0.51 for insect orders and high D of 0.83 for morphospecies. The highest (D) was in field crops habitat (H1) of 0.64 and 0.91 for insect orders and morphospecies, respectively; followed by scrublands (H3), greenhouse areas (H2) and olive orchards (H4). These results indicated that human intervention was affecting the diversity in natural habitats. Five insect orders: Coleoptera, Dictyoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera were significantly selected as potential biodiversity indicators in this coastal area. Thus, for monitoring these bioindicators, a protocol based on operating our combined trap method appears practical in design and yield very diverse material with the target of sustaining these insect populations in the coastal area.

Inverted Soil Mounding as a Restoration Approach of Seismic Lines in Boreal Peatlands: Implications on Plant and Arthropod Abundance and Diversity

In northern Alberta, Canada, much of treed boreal peatlands are fragmented by seismic lines—linear disturbances where trees and shrubs are cleared for the exploration of fossil fuel reserves. Seismic lines have been shown to have slow tree regeneration, likely due to the loss of microtopography during the creation of seismic lines. Inverted soil mounding is one of the treatments commonly applied in Alberta to restore seismic lines and mitigate the use of these corridors by wildlife and humans. We assessed the effects of mounding on understory plants and arthropod assemblages three years after treatment application. We sampled five mounded and five untreated seismic lines and their adjacent treed fens (reference fens). Compared to reference fens, mounded seismic lines showed on average lower bryophyte (6.5% vs. 98.1%) and total understory cover (47.2% vs. 149.8%), ground-dwelling spider abundance (226.0 vs. 383 individuals), richness (87.2 vs. 106.4 species) and diversity (19.0 vs. 24.6 species), rove beetle abundance (35.2 vs. 84.8 individuals), and ant richness (9.0 vs. 12.9 species). In contrast, rove beetle and ground beetle richness (39.0 and 14.5 species, respectively) and diversity (16.8 and 7.8 species, respectively) were higher on mounded seismic lines compared to reference fens (richness: 18.0 and 7.5 species, respectively; diversity: 7.0 and 3.8 species, respectively). This is one of the first studies to assess arthropod responses to restoration efforts in the context of oil and gas disturbances in North America, and our results highlight the need to incorporate multiple taxa when examining the impact of such treatments.

Surface-active arthropod community response to juniper removal and its implications for avian conservation in sagebrush ecosystems

Terrestrial arthropods are a critical component of sagebrush ecosystems and serve as a key food source for higher trophic levels, including many avian species of conservation concern. The North American sagebrush (Artemisia sp.) biome is in peril, threatened in part by the phenomenon of juniper encroachment. Removal of encroached juniper (Juniperus sp.) has been used by land managers as a widespread restoration technique in sagebrush ecosystems, however, the impact of this restoration action on the arthropod community has not been thoroughly examined. In 2020 and 2021, we studied surface-active arthropod response to juniper treatment in the sagebrush of northern Nevada and northeastern California. Juniper treatments completed between 2008 and 2020 were sampled to assess the impact of this restoration action on the arthropod community over time. Surface-active arthropods were more than twice as abundant in treated sites as untreated sites, however, arthropod taxa diversity was lower in treated sites than untreated sites, despite significantly higher taxa richness in treated sites. Our results suggest that juniper treatments that increase arthropod abundance or diversity may benefit insectivorous sagebrush wildlife by increasing food availability, including for species of conservation concern such as the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus).

Responses of soil arthropods to fertilisation with ruminant manure in irrigated buffel grass production

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterise the edaphic macrofauna in soil cultivated with Cenchrus ciliaris L. under irrigation and fertilised with ruminant manure in a Brazilian semi-arid region. The experimental design was in split plots. The main plot was composed using tanned manure from 3 species of ruminants (goat, cattle and sheep), in addition to the control treatment (without manure). The subplots were composed of 3 production cycles of buffel grass. Collections of edaphic macrofauna were performed every 28 days. A total of 3453 arthropods were collected, distributed in 15 taxonomic groups representing 12 orders, 7 of which belong to the Insecta class; 3 from the Arachnid class; and 2 from the Diplopoda class. Ants (Formicidae) accounted for 86.76% of this abundance and were followed by representatives of the orders Araneae (4.26%), Polydesmida (3.61%) and Scarabaeidae (1.58%). Principal Components 1 and 2 explained 56% of the data variation. Bovine manure attracted a greater abundance of individuals, mainly ants. Goat manure showed the highest abundance (p < 0.0013) of the Scarabaeidae class, while sheep manure showed the highest abundance (p < 0.0110) of the Embioptera. The number of individuals varied between the beginning and end of each cycle.

Impact of livestock grazing on the terrestrial arthropod diversity in the arid zone of Mongolia

Arthropods play an essential role in steppe ecosystems. However, studies testing the overall response of terrestrial arthropods to overgrazing are scarce. The problem is particularly worrisome in Central Asia, while, to date, only a very few broader studies have been conducted in this region. We investigated how epigeic terrestrial arthropod assemblages respond to different livestock grazing pressure in two ecozones in SE Mongolia by examining their structure using pitfall traps. We also assessed which groups can be utilised as the most efficient indicators of grazing intensity. Our analyses demonstrated that the habitat type, grazing intensity, and the interaction of these variables had a significant effect on the overall species composition and abundance. However, the grazing intensity caused different changes in the composition of arthropod communities in both studied ecozones. Contrary to the semi-desert, in the steppe habitat, the grazing had the strongest impact in the moderately grazed site. It is most likely because steppe-dwelling species are more sensitive to loss of plant biomass and changes in habitat structure. We also found that the most representative species within and from different groups can react differently to changing grazing intensities, indicating with their presence the characteristics of the respective habitat. Such differences should also be considered when elaborating the management plan of conserved species but also when applying grazing management in different habitat types. Our survey is one of the most comprehensive in Central Asia and should help implement further, more targeted studies in the corresponding habitats.

Cumulative effects of biomass harvesting and herbicide application on litter-dwelling arthropod communities in jack pine-dominated forests: 7th year postharvest assessment

Forest biomass harvest has the potential to provide feedstocks for energy production to offset fossil fuel consumption. However, concerns have been raised regarding the ecological sustainability of removing additional biomass from forests, in particular the impacts on biodiversity. In this paper, we used a suite of ground-dwelling arthropod taxa (ground beetles, spiders, and rove beetles) to measure community compositional changes along a gradient of biomass removal treatments 7 years postharvest, and compared against reference. Based on multivariate regression trees, changes in species composition reflected the intensity gradient of the biomass removal treatments or stand attributes associated with the level of forest floor disturbance across all arthropod groups. For each arthropod group, changes in composition were defined primarily by reductions or loss of abundant forest associated species and increases in the number and abundance of species associated with more xeric conditions and increased disturbance intensity. There were no differences between full-tree and tree-length treatments. Overall, results indicated a strong arthropod response to the removal of overstory, forest floor disturbance, and reductions in understory cover mostly resulting from the glyphosate applications. Arthropod recovery would benefit from overstory retention, reduction in forest floor disturbance, and judicious use of glyphosate.

Effects of field-level strip and mixed cropping on aerial arthropod and arable flora communities

Loss of arthropod biodiversity can impair the provision of ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. Crop diversification strategies offer the possibility to support arthropod communities without putting aside agricultural land as conservation areas. Within-field crop diversification measures, such as strip cropping and crop mixtures, may provide arthropods with continuity and diversity in food, shelter and habitat at fine spatial and temporal resolutions. However, it is unclear how strip cropping and plant species diversity within strips influences aerial arthropod and weed communities in commercially sized arable fields. In this 2-year study we tested the effects of crop heterogeneity on aerial arthropod and plant communities in organically managed strip fields. We tested effects of configurational crop heterogeneity by comparing sole cropping (MONO) with strip cropping (STRIP), and compositional crop heterogeneity by comparing STRIP with flower-legume-grain crop mixtures grown in strips (STRIPMIX). Aerial arthropod communities were assessed in 138 sweep net transects and plant communities in 124 vegetation plots in cabbage, wheat, sugar beet and barley. Higher configurational crop heterogeneity by strip cropping reduced herbivore abundances and increased natural enemy species richness in organic cabbage strips. Cabbage in MONO had a significantly higher herbivore abundance (+11%) and a lower natural enemy species richness (−57%) than cabbage in STRIP. Higher compositional crop heterogeneity by sowing additional plant species in strips (STRIPMIX) significantly increased plant abundance (+33%), plant species richness (+21%), total aerial arthropod abundance (+45%), and total aerial arthropod species richness (+21%) compared to STRIP. Our work shows that both configuration of crop areas (MONO vs. STRIP) and plant species diversity within strips (STRIP vs. STRIPMIX) can support arthropod biodiversity and natural pest suppression, but that arthropod responses differ between diversification strategies and crop combinations. Further optimization of design and management of within-field crop diversification strategies holds potential to attain biodiversity-based cropping systems which deliver multiple ecosystem services and have a reduced dependency on pesticides.

Immune functions of C-type lectins in medical arthropods.

C-type lectins (CTLs) are a family of proteins that contain 1 or more carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) and bind to a broad repertoire of ligands in the presence of calcium ions. CTLs play important roles in innate immune defenses against microorganisms by acting as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) for invading pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. After binding to pathogen-associated ligands, CTLs mediate immune responses, such as agglutination, phagocytosis, and the activation of phenol oxidase progenitors, thereby clearing pathogens. CTLs are an evolutionarily conserved family found in almost all vertebrates and invertebrates. Medical arthropods can acquire and transmit a range pathogens through various approaches, such as bloodsucking, lancing, and parasitism, thus infecting humans and animals with related diseases, some of which can be life-threatening. Recent studies have shown that lectins are important components of the arthropod immune system and are essential for the immune responses of arthropods to arthropod-borne pathogens. This article reviews the current understanding of the structure, function, and signaling pathways involved in CTLs derived from important medical arthropods.

Decline of insects and arachnids driven by nutrient enrichment: A meta-analysis.

Recent studies have documented global declines in insects and their relatives, but the exact mechanisms explaining these patterns are not fully understood. A potential driver underlying arthropod population declines is increases in anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Here, we synthesize the effects of N, P, and combined N + P enrichment on the abundance of hexapods (insects and collembola) and arachnids from 901 experiments reported in 84 studies. We found that N and combined N + P enrichment caused significant decreases in the abundance of these groups overall. While arthropod responses to nutrient enrichment across aquatic and terrestrial habitats and in temperate as well as tropical climatic zones differed in magnitude, our results suggest that arthropods are decreasing similarly in response to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment. Further, despite previously shown differences in the nutrient demands of different insect metamorphosis groups, we found consistent negative effects of N + P enrichment on all groups. Our results also showed that the negative effects of nutrient additions are stronger for aquatic insects that are considered more sensitive to changes in physical-chemical parameters in their environments, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), compared with other aquatic insects. In addition, N + P enrichment reduced the abundance of above-ground and below-ground arthropods, suggesting that a similar mechanism driving arthropod community change is acting on both groups. These findings suggest that changes in elemental cycles are a potential cause of the ongoing global decline of arthropods and underscore the serious effects of nutrient enrichment on ecological systems.

秸秆还田对中国农田土壤节肢动物数量及多样性影响的整合分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 秸秆还田对中国农田土壤节肢动物数量及多样性影响的整合分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202111053105 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20200552）；国家自然科学基金项目（32001181）；江苏省博士后基金项目（2020Z201）；南京农业大学中央高校基本业务费项目（KJQN202113） Impacts of straw returning on the number and diversity of soil arthropods in China: A meta-analysis Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:秸秆还田是提高土壤生物数量和多样性的有效手段，但土壤节肢动物对秸秆还田的响应尚未明确。搜集2005到2020年国内有关秸秆还田对农田土壤节肢动物数量及多样性影响的25篇田间试验文献，分别获得230对土壤节肢动物数量数据和112对土壤节肢动物多样性数据，并采用整合分析方法探究不同气候类型、土层深度、种植制度、秸秆还田量、还田方式及还田时间下秸秆还田对农田土壤节肢动物数量及多样性的影响。结果表明，与不还田相比，秸秆还田总体上显著增加了农田土壤节肢动物的数量，但在亚热带季风气候区或还田时间大于5 a时，秸秆还田对节肢动物数量的增加效应则不显著；此外，秸秆还田对土壤节肢动物数量的促进作用还受到节肢动物体型的影响，秸秆还田显著增加土壤中小型节肢动物的数量，特别是蜱螨目类土壤节肢动物，但是对大型土壤节肢动物的促进作用并不显著。秸秆还田总体上也提高了农田土壤节肢动物的多样性，特别是在温带季风气候、年均温小于5℃、年均降水量小于600 mm、秸秆还田量大于10000 kg/hm2、轮作以及还田时间大于5 a这些条件下，秸秆还田能显著提高土壤节肢动物的多样性。回归分析结果显示随着秸秆还田时间的增加，土壤节肢动物数量的增加率显著降低，而随着秸秆还田量的增加，节肢动物数量的增加率则显著升高；节肢动物多样性的增加率随着年均降水量的增加显著降低，而随着秸秆还田时间和还田量的增加显著升高。以上结果表明，秸秆还田有助于提高农田土壤节肢动物的数量和多样性，但此效应会受到气候因子及农田管理方式的影响。 Abstract:Straw returning is an effective way to enhance the number and diversity of soil organisms, but the responses of soil arthropods to straw returning are still unclear. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis involving 230 comparisons of soil arthropod number and 112 comparisons of soil arthropod diversity collected from 25 related literatures during 2005-2020. The objectives of this study are to assess the effects of straw returning on the number and diversity of soil arthropods in agroecosystems of China, as well as the variation of these effects under different climates, soil depths, cropping systems, straw returning amounts, straw returning methods and time. The results showed that straw returning significantly increased the number of soil arthropods compared with no straw returning, except the studies conducted at subtropical monsoon climate regions, or the time of straw returning was more than 5 a. In addition, the promotional effect of straw returning on soil arthropod number was also affected by the size of arthropods, with straw returning significantly increasing the number of small and medium-sized soil arthropods, especially acari, rather than large soil arthropods. Straw returning also had a tendency to increase the diversity of soil arthropods, and this effect was significant under the conditions of temperate monsoon climates, mean annual temperature less than 5℃, mean annual precipitation less than 600 mm, rotation cropping, amount of straw returning more than 10000 kg/hm2 and straw returning time more than 5 a. The regression analysis showed that the increased rate of soil arthropod number under straw returning significantly decreased with straw returning time, but it significantly increased with straw returning amount; the increased rate of soil arthropod diversity under straw returning decreased significantly with mean annual precipitation, but it significantly increased with straw returning amount and time. Together, these results indicated that straw returning could improve the number and diversity of soil arthropods, which could be affected by climate factors and agricultural managements. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献