Absence Of Artery Research Articles

Expanding Indications of the Medial Femoral Condyle Free Flap: Systematic Review in Head and Neck Reconstruction.

A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Seventeen articles met inclusion criteria, yielding 166 cases for analysis, with a majority of the cohort from a single study (n = 107; 64.4%). However, all included studies represented novel reconstructive sites and surgical indications. Flap components were described in 157 cases; periosteum was used only in four cases (2.5%), whereas all others are composed of cortical bone combined with periosteum, cancellous bone, and/or cartilage (97.5%). Additionally, a skin island was used in 43 cases (25.9%). Flap measurements were reported in 51 cases, averaging 4.5 ± 2.7 cm in length. Seven cases listed skin island dimensions, averaging 20.2 ± 12.8 cm2. The descending genicular artery was the primary pedicle employed (n = 162; 97.6%), while the superior medial genicular was used in the descending genicular artery's absence (n = 4; 2.4%). Descending genicular artery pedicle length from 15 reporting cases averaged 6.4 ± 1.2 cm. Successful reconstructions totaled 160 cases (96.4%). Recipient complications were seen in 16 cases (9.6%) with six constituting flap failures (3.6%). Donor site complications were minimal (n = 6; 3.6%); however, this included one major complication of femoral shaft fracture. The medial femoral condyle free flap is an effective reconstructive option for the head and neck due to its versatile nature, low complication profile at both recipient and donor site, ease of harvest, and two-team approach.

CoroFinder: A New Tool for Real Time Detection and Tracking of Coronary Arteries in Contrast-Free Cine-Angiography.

Coronary Angiography (CA) is the standard of reference to diagnose coronary artery disease. Yet, only a portion of the information it conveys is usually used. Quantitative Coronary Angiography (QCA) reliably contributes to improving the measurable assessment of CA. In this work, we developed a new software, CoroFinder, able to automatically identify epicardial coronary arteries and to dynamically track the vessel profile in dye-free frames. The coronary tree is automatically segmented by Frangi’s filter in the angiogram’s frames where vessels are contrasted (“template frames”). Afterward, the image similarity among each template frame and the dye-free images is scored by cross-correlation. Finally, each dye-free image is associated with the most similar template frame, resulting in an estimation of vessel contour. CoroFinder allows locating the position of coronary arteries in absence of contrast dye. The developed algorithm is robust to diverse vessel curvatures, variation of vessel widths, and the presence of stenoses. This article describes the newly developed CoroFinder algorithm and the associated software and provides an overview of its potential application in research and for translation to the clinic.

Evaluation of Diameter of Main Hilar Renal Artery to Predict the Presence of Supplementary Renal Artery by Contrast-enhanced MDCT: A Retrospective Study from in Northern India

Introduction: Accessory renal arteries are non anastomotic end arteries that correspond to a single renal artery’s segmental branch. It is the most common anatomic variation of renal artery, with an incidence ranging from 8.7% to 75.7%. Aim: To determine the normal reference range of diameter of the main hilar renal artery in presence or absence of supplementary renal arteries and using contrast-enhanced Multidetector Computerized Tomography (MDCT) in North Indian population. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy in collaboration with the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad and Dr. O.P Gupta Imaging Centre, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, from April 2019 to October 2021. Data analysis was done from November 2021 to December 2021. Contrast-enhanced MDCT scan images were reviewed for measurement of the diameter of main hilar and supplementary renal artery. A total of 108 patients were recruited through consecutive sampling. The diameter of the main hilar and supplementary renal artery on each side was measured at the site of origin from the abdominal aorta with the help of an electronic calliper in axial view of MDCT images. The mean differences among the groups with and without supplementary renal artery were evaluated using the student’s t-test. Results: The mean diameter of the main hilar renal artery in the absence of the supplementary renal arteries on the right and left side were 5.99±1.13 mm and 6.07±1.25 mm respectively.The mean diameter of the main hilar renal artery with supplementary renal arteries on the right side was 5.11±1.096 mm and on the left was 5.18±1.08. The mean diameter of the main hilar renal artery was smaller in kidneys with a supplementary renal artery than in those without a supplementary renal artery, statistically significant difference was evaluated (p-value<0.001 on the right and left side). Conclusion: The diameter of the main hilar renal artery can indicate whether supplemental renal arteries exist or not.

Anatomical Anomaly: Case Report of the Absence of the Right Common Carotid Artery

Purpose: Aortic arch anatomical variations are of surgical importance. Many variations of the aortic arch and associated vessels may be found incidentally or post-mortem. Methods: A 61-year-old presented with symptoms suspicious of a cerebrovascular accident. Results: The patient was found to have the right internal and external carotid arteries emanating from the right subclavian artery in absence of a common carotid artery on computed tomography angiography of the neck. Conclusion: A recent comprehensive review noted 41 published cases of common carotid artery aplasia with the right internal carotid originating from the subclavian artery in only 4 of these cases. The current case represents a rare absence of the right CCA with the right ICA and ECA originating separately from the right subclavian artery.

Capsaicin jelly against migraine pain

Recent studies support the role of extracranial perivascular afferents in a substantial percentage of migraineurs. Perivascular afferent fibres of the superficial temporal artery contain peptides, like calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). CGRP and SP are considered relevant in the genesis of migraine pain. Capsaicin is an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1. It causes membrane depolarisation of sensory neurons, which release CGRP, SP and other pain peptides; excitation is followed by a refractory state, causing inactivation. Topical capsaicin has been found to be efficacious in several types of neuropathic pain. We attempted to verify whether topical periarterial capsaicin could ameliorate pain in absence of and during a migraine attack. On 23 migraineurs showing pain at pressure on scalp arteries, we administered topical capsaicin 0.1% or vaseline jelly on painful arteries in absence of migraine attack. In those having pain reduction > 50%, we made the same comparison during a migraine attack. Topical capsaicin caused > 50% reduction of arterial pain in absence of attack in 17/23 patients, as opposed to two with vaseline. During attacks of mild- to moderate-intensity, > 50% improvement was obtained in 11/17 with capsaicin and in one with vaseline. Although referring to a small number of patients, our data show that topical capsaicin may relieve arterial pain in absence of and during a migraine attack in a substantial number of patients experiencing scalp arterial tenderness. More active capsacinoids might be tried in the future and could provide a new method for treating migraine attacks.

Nitric oxide and vascular remodeling modulate hepatic arterial vascular resistance in the isolated perfused cirrhotic rat liver

Hepatic arterial resistance is modulated by the hepatic arterioles but the role of NO and vascular remodeling in hepatic arterial resistance in cirrhosis is unknown. Cirrhosis was induced by CCl(4) or BDL. Using a bivascular liver perfusion dose-responses curves to methoxamine were obtained from the hepatic artery in absence and presence of L-NMMA. Lumen-diameter, wall thickness and number of smooth muscle nuclei were quantitated in the arteries using image analysis. Hepatic arterial resistance and the response to methoxamine were lower in cirrhosis compared to controls (p< or = 0.04) and lower in BDL compared to CCl(4) (p< or = 0.01). L-NMMA increased the response to methoxamine in CCl(4) (p=0.002) and BDL (p=0.05) but corrected the response only in CCl(4) (p=n.s. vs. control). Wall thickness and the number of smooth muscle nuclei were significantly smaller in cirrhosis compared to controls (p<0.05) and the number of nuclei was also lower in BDL compared to CCl(4) (p=0.005). NO is the main modulator of hepatic arterial resistance in CCl(4) but not in BDL. Intrahepatic arterial remodeling is present in both cirrhotic models but is greater in BDL. This indicates a larger role of structural changes in the control of hepatic arterial resistance in BDL.