Percentage Of Arterial Oxygen Saturation Research Articles

The Effect of Breathing Exercises on Respiratory Condition After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Background: Respiratory complications are prevalent in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Breathing exercises are efficient and cost-effective techniques to eliminate this problem. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of simultaneous breathing exercises on patients' respiratory condition after CABG surgery. Methods: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 52 CABG candidates were allocated to two intervention and control groups. The control group received routine breathing exercises (incentive spirometry and vibration). Besides routine exercises, the intervention group performed exercises such as pursed-lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, incentive spirometry, and effective coughing for three days after the surgery. The incidence of atelectasis, oxygen saturation, lung auscultation, and the patients' satisfaction with the respiratory function was measured and recorded before and after the surgery in both groups. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 at a significance level of < 0.05. Results: The patients' mean age was 60.9 ± 9.5 years, and 26 (51%) were male. There was no significant difference between the patients in underlying parameters. None of the patients in the two groups had atelectasis before the surgery. However, four days after the surgery, 40% of the patients in the control group and 23% of those in the intervention group suffered from atelectasis complications. The visual analog scale (VAS) score increased after surgery in the intervention group, although the difference was insignificant. Moreover, the arterial oxygen saturation percentage and breathing rate increased in the intervention group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding crackles at different hours after surgery, although they were relatively less in the intervention group. Conclusions: Breathing exercises, especially combined breathing exercises, improve respiratory function after open heart surgery.

Relationship of Oxygen Saturation Percentage (SaO2) and Arterial Oxygen Pressure (PaO2) with the Outcome of Covid-19 Patients Hospitalized in intensive care Units

Background and Objective: In order to determine the Hypoxemia and prognosis of patients with covid-19 hospitalized in the intensive care unit, reliable oxygen supply indicators are needed. In this situation, the examination of the percentage of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), as well as their relationship, may be helpful. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study examined 1,121 patients with covid-19 hospitalized in the intensive care unit of hospitals affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through a researcher-made checklist, including age, gender, history of smoking and drug use, underlying disease, duration of hospitalization, the outcome of hospitalization, and hemoglobin listed in the patient's medical records. Moreover, SaO2 and PaO2 were examined in the first arterial blood analysis report after admission to the hospital. Results: A positive and significant correlation was observed between SaO2 and PaO2 (r=0.733 and P<0.001). SaO2 significantly predicted Pao2 in COVID-19 patients (β=63.51, R2=0.630, P<0.001). Furthermore, the duration of hospitalization had a positive and significant correlation with PaO2 (r=0.112, P<0.001) and SaO2 (r=0.063, P=0.034). Conclusion: The measurement of the percentage of oxygen saturation and arterial oxygen pressure through arterial blood gas analysis is more accurate in diagnosing Hypoxemia in covid-19 patients. They are better indicators to determine the prognosis of critically ill patients.

A comparison of administration of oral chloral hydrate with intranasal dexmedetomidine in sedation of children to perform electroencephalography

Background: Electroencephalography is a record of the electrical activity of the brain that is used to diagnose brain dysfunction and to determine the location of brain injury and to determine seizure activity. There is. The sedative medication used should not only have an effect on the brain’s electrical activity, but it also calms the baby. Since there have been no studies to compare the effects of intranasal oral hydrate and dexmedetomidine on sedation in children for electroencephalography, this study aimed to compare the effects of intranasal intravenous dexmedetomidine with intramuscular dexmedetomidine on electroencephalography in children. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 62 children candidates for electroencephalography in Imam Hossein Pediatric Hospital in Isfahan. Age, weight, and clinical data including sedation score, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and heart rate at pre-medication times, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after drug administration. And analyzed. Results: The mean age of the children candidates for electroencephalography was 16.90 ± 1.32, out of which 35 (56.5%) were male. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sedation, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and percentage of arterial oxygen saturation (p> 0.05). But the difference between the two groups was statistically significant for the variable heart rate. Heart rate was significantly lower in group B (dexmedetomidine group) than in group A (oral chlorate hydrate group) (p-value = 0.032), and time as an influencing factor in changing mean sedimentation, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate (p-value <0.05). But there was no significant effect on the change in arterial oxygen saturation percentage (p = 0.478). Conclusion: Chloral hydrate administration was more effective than intranasal dexmedetomidine treatment in maintaining heart rate but overall the results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical data and child sedation score in the two groups. Was.

Comparison of the effect of foot reflexology and body massage on physiological indicators and bilirubin levels in neonates under phototherapy

BackgroundHyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems in infancy in the world. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of foot therapy and body massage on physiological indicators and bilirubin levels in infants under phototherapy. MethodsThis study was a randomized clinical trial that conducted on 51 infants with jaundice at Imam Hussein Pediatrics’ Medical Center, Goldis Hospital in Isfahan (Iran). The samples randomly assigned to first intervention (reflexology), second intervention (body massage) and control groups using the block randomization. In the reflexology group, the relevant area on each foot was massaged for 15 min in a relaxed position. In the massage body group, the limbs were massaged with circular motion. The massage was performed once a day for 15 min and the control group did not receive any intervention. Physiological indicators were monitored using vital sign monitoring tools, and blood bilirubin levels were measured photo metrically (intravenous blood samples from the wrist). Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software version 18. ResultsThe results showed that before the intervention there was no significant difference in the mean of physiological indicators and bilirubin level between the three groups (p > 0.05), but after the intervention the average percentage of arterial oxygen saturation and bilirubin levels were significantly improved in the intervention groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while the mean of heart rate and respiration rate between the three groups were not significant (p > 0.05). ConclusionThe results showed that reflexology and massage therapy can be effective in improving the condition of physiological indicators and blood bilirubin levels.

Comparison of the Effect of Lullaby and Kangaroo Care on Physiological Criteria during Heel Lance in Preterm Neonates at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background The painful procedure of drawing blood from the heel (heel lance) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is necessary for some diagnostic tests. However, it can have negative effects on the physiological criteria of preterm neonates. This study aimed to compare the effect of lullaby and kangaroo care on the physiological criteria of preterm neonates admitted to the NICU during heel lance.Methods This clinical trial study was conducted with a crossover design on 60 preterm newborns (30-36 weeks of gestation) admitted to the NICU at Ali ibn Abi Taleb Hospital, Zahedan, Iran, 2019. The neonates were randomly divided into two groups of lullaby and kangaroo care (n=30 each). In the former group, a lullaby was played for the neonates through headphones for 30 min, and in the latter group, the naked neonate was placed in the mother's arms for the same duration. Physiological criteria were recorded before (0 min), during (15 min), and after the procedure (30 min). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using independent t-tests and Chi-square test.Results There was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of gestation age of neonates in the lullaby (32.63±1.92) and kangaroo care (32.69±1.92) group (P=1.000). The results of the independent sample t-test showed that during the intervention, there was a difference between the mean pulse rate (P=0.015), respiration rate (P=0.003), and arterial oxygen saturation percentage (P<0.01) in preterm neonates. The two groups were significantly different in this regard. However, in the post-intervention stage, no statistically significant difference was observed between the mean pulse rate and respiration rate (P=0.60 and P=0.614, respectively).Conclusion Given the positive effect of kangaroo care on the physiological criteria of preterm newborns during heel lance, this non-pharmacological, low-cost, and available method could help nurses working in the NICU improve physiological criteria during heel lance.

The Effect of Adjunctive use of Dexmedetomidine and Metoral with Thiopental on Hemodynamic Status, Agitation, and Patient Satisfaction in Patients with Mood Disorders after Electroconvulsive Therapy

AIM: The aim of our study was to determine the effect of adjunctive use of dexmedetomidine and metoral with thiopental on hemodynamic status, agitation, patient satisfaction, and duration of seizure in patients with mood disorders in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).&#x0D; METHODS: This study is a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Sixty patients (18–60 years) according to DSM5 criteria had mood disorder and were candidates for ECT. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each. One group received 5.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine 10 min before induction of thiopental, and the other group received 5.2 mg intravenous metoprolol immediately before ECT. Patients’ satisfaction, duration of seizure, and arterial oxygen saturation were evaluated.&#x0D; RESULTS: The mean age of both groups was approximately 37 years with the majority of men. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of age and sex, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), duration of seizure, and arterial oxygen saturation before ECT. The mean BP and HR in the recovery were lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the metoral group. Arterial oxygen saturation percentage was not significantly different between the two groups. The recovery time in the dexmedetomidine group was longer than the metoral group (p = 0.001). Post-ECT satisfaction was found to be higher in the dexmedetomidine group than in the metoral group and the mean agitation score was found to be higher in the metoral group.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Both metoral and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants decrease the hyperdynamic responses of patients after ECT, whereas the effect of dexmedetomidine is more than metoral; on the other hand, neither dexmedetomidine nor metoral has any negative effect on seizure duration, but dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged recovery time as compared to metoral.

Investigating the effect of listening to the Holy Quran on the physiological responses of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units: A pilot study

AimThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of listening to the Holy Quran on the physiological responses of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units. MethodsThe present clinical trial was conducted in Iran. The study sample consisted of 64 preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (32 of whom were in the Quranic voice group that listened to voice of Quran and 32 in the control group). Neonates’ physiological responses including heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial oxygen saturation percentage, mean arterial pressure and temperature were recorded every 10 min in three stages: immediately before the intervention, during the intervention (minutes 10 and 20 from the onset of intervention) and 10 min after the intervention. ResultsAccording to the findings during the intervention and 10 min after the intervention, the mean heart rate of the neonates in the intervention group was significantly lower. The results of this study demonstrated that the mean respiratory rate of neonates was significantly less in the intervention group during the intervention (P < 0.001). The results indicated that the mean oxygen saturation percentage in neonates was significantly higher in the intervention group during (P < 0.001) and 10 min after the intervention (P = 0.018). The results of this study showed that the mean arterial pressure of neonates was significantly less in the intervention group 10 min after the intervention (P < 0.01). Based on the results, no significant differences in the mean body temperature of neonates between the two groups in all times were found. ConclusionIn this study, the Quranic voice was used and its effects on the vital signs of the neonates admitted to NICUs were evaluated. Based on the findings of this study, listening to voice of Quran is an effective technique in this regard.

Healthy Dental Pulp Oxygen Saturation Rates in Subjects with Homozygous Sickle Cell Anemia: A Cross-Sectional Study Nested in a Cohort

IntroductionTo compare the percentage of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in healthy teeth with confirmed pulp vitality between individuals with sickle cell anemia (HbSS) and normal hemoglobin A (HbAA). MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study nested within a cohort. Samples (n = 2543) comprised teeth with intact crowns and pulp vitality confirmed by thermal sensitivity tests and no history of caries, periodontal disease, or dental trauma. A total of 728 teeth of 113 individuals with HbSS and 1815 teeth of 246 individuals with HbAA were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using the χ2 and Mann-Whitney tests and Spearman correlation analysis (α = 0.05). ResultsThe study groups were comparable in terms of age, race, and sex (P > .05). Subjects with HbSS exhibited lower median SpO2 levels in the body and upper teeth, excluding canines, than subjects with HbAA (P < .05). There were no significant differences in the evaluated parameters between the 2 groups (P > .05). ConclusionCompared with individuals with HbAA, those with HbSS exhibited lower SpO2 in maxillary teeth with confirmed pulp vitality, except in the canines. There was no correlation between SpO2 levels of the body and dental pulp in individuals with HbSS or HbAA.

Early mobilization reduces the atelectasis and pleural effusion in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized clinical trial

Atelectasis and pleural effusion are common after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Longer stay in the bed is one of the most important contributing factors in pulmonary complications. Some studies confirm the benefits of early mobilization (EM) in critically ill patients, but the efficacy of EM on pulmonary complications after CABG is not clear. This study was designed to examine the effect of EM on the incidence of atelectasis and pleural effusion in patients undergoing CABG. In a single-blinded randomized clinical trial, 100 patients who were undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomly assigned into two groups each consisted of 50 patients. Patients in the experimental group were enrolled in a mobilization protocol consisting of the mobilization from the bed in the first 3 days after surgery in the morning and evening. Patients in the control group were mobilized from bed in third postoperation day, according to the hospital routine. Arterial blood gases, pleural effusion, and atelectasis were compared between groups. Atelectasis and pleural effusion was reduced in experimental group. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood in third postoperative day and the percentage of arterial oxygen saturation in the fourth postoperative day were higher in the intervention group (P value < .05). EM from bed could be an effective intervention in reducing atelectasis and pleural effusion in patients undergoing CABG.

Comparing the Effect of Topical Anesthesia and Retrobulbar Block With Intravenous Sedation on Hemodynamic Changes and Satisfaction in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery (Phaco Method)

Background:Cataract is one of the most common surgical procedures in the elderly. In most cases, the elderly have cardiac ischemia or chronic coronary diseases, which would lead to more ischemic events during general anesthesia. Therefore, surgeons and anesthetists prefer regional aesthesia to the general one owing to its more advantages and less complications.Objectives:Therefore, this study aimed to compare topical method and retrobulbar block for pain intensity, patient’s satisfaction, hemodynamic changes and intra and postoperative complications.Patients and Methods:In a single-blinded clinical trial, 114 patients scheduled for cataract surgery, aged 50 to 90 years with ASA physical status of I-III, were randomly assigned to two groups under monitored anesthesia care as topical anesthesia and retrobulbar block. After the injection of intravenous sedation, which was the combination of midazolam 0.5-1 mg with fentanyl 0.5-1 µ/kg, patients received retro bulbar block or topical anesthesia. During the operation, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and arterial saturation of O2were measured every five minutes. In addition, pain (VAS) and satisfaction (ISAS) scores were recorded every 15 minutes, then at recovery and one hour after the ending of operation in the ward. Findings were statistically analyzed using SPSS 16.Results:In this study, no significant association was found between age, gender, education and physical condition of patients in both topical and retro bulbar block groups. Comparison of pain based on VAS, satisfaction based on ISAS score and MAP in the studied periods had no significant differences between the two groups of patients undergoing cataract surgery. However, significant differences were found between the two groups (P = 0.045, 0.02, 0.042 and P < 0.05) regarding heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation percentage after 20-30 minutes of the operation.Conclusions:Both methods, topical and retro bulbar block had similar impression in cataract surgery regarding analgesia and patient satisfaction. However, in non-complicated cataract surgeries with short duration, topical anesthesia may be the preferable method, because of non-invasiveness, appropriate analgesia, patient satisfaction and hemodynamic stability.

The Effect of the Open and Closed System Suctions on Cardiopulmonary Parameters: Time and Costs in Patients Under Mechanical Ventilation

One of the measures to keep the airway open is suctioning of endotracheal tube in patients under ventilation. This procedure can be accompanied with some complications. Selection of appropriate method of suctioning can prevent incidence of acute complications. This study aimed to compare the effects of the open and closed system suctioning methods on blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, percentage of arterial oxygen saturation, time, and costs in patients under mechanical ventilation. This clinical trial study was conducted on 40 patients in ICU. Patients' blood pressure, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, related costs, and length of suctioning procedure were measured and recorded immediately before and one, five, ten, and fifteen minutes after suctioning. Data were analyzed using paired t test and repeated measure analysis of variance. No significant differences were observed between the two suctioning methods in terms of mean systolic blood pressure (P = 0.075), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.405), and mean arterial pressure (P = 0.257) in the five consecutive measurements. However, significant changes were observed in heart rate (P = 0.025) and percentage of arterial oxygen saturation (P < 0.001). The mean lengths of time in open and closed suctioning methods were 5.59 ± 0.211 and 4.34 ± 0.039 seconds, respectively (P < 0.001). The cost of the closed system was lower than the open method for the patients who were admitted to ICU for longer than two days. Closed suction caused fewer disturbances in patients' hemodynamic condition, took shorter time, and is more economical. Therefore, this method can replace open suction method in caring of severely critically ill patients.

High Incidence of Optic Disc Swelling at Very High Altitudes

To determine the incidence of optic disc swelling as a possible indicator of cerebral edema in a large group of healthy mountaineers exposed to very high altitudes and to correlate these findings with various clinical and environmental factors and occurrence of acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral edema. This multidisciplinary, prospective, observational cohort study was performed in 2005 within the scope of a medical research expedition to Muztagh Ata (7546 m [24,751 ft]) in Western Xinjiang Province, China. Twenty-seven healthy mountaineers aged 26 to 62 years participated. Medical examinations were performed in Switzerland 1 month before and 4 1/2 months after the expedition. Ophthalmologic examinations were performed at 4 high camps (maximum elevation, 6865 m [22,517 ft]). Optic disc status was documented using digital photography. Further assessments included arterial oxygen saturation and cerebral acute mountain sickness scores. Sixteen of 27 study subjects (59%) exhibited optic disc swelling during their stay at high altitudes, with complete regression on return to lowlands. Significant correlation was noted between optic disc swelling and lower arterial oxygen saturation (odds ratio, 0.86 per percentage of arterial oxygen saturation; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.92; P < .001), younger age (odds ratio, 0.95 per year; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-0.99; P = .03), and higher cerebral acute mountain sickness scores (odds ratio, 2.32 per 0.1 point; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-3.63; P < .001). Optic disc swelling occurs frequently in high-altitude climbers and is correlated with peripheral oxygen saturation and symptoms of acute mountain sickness. It is most likely the result of hypoxia-induced brain volume increase.

Effect of Treatment With Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia in Patients With Sleep Apnea Syndrome

The increase in peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with activation of autonomic nervous system and hemodynamic responses. Nasal CPAP (nCPAP) is an effective treatment for OSA, but little is known on its effect on chemoreflex sensitivity. To assess the effect of nCPAP treatment or placebo (sham nCPAP) on ventilatory control in patients with OSA. Sleep laboratory of Azienda Ospedaliera Garibaldi. Twenty-five patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. Patients were randomly assigned to either therapeutic nCPAP (use of optimal pressure, n = 15) or sham nCPAP (suboptimal pressure of 1 to 2 cm H2O, n = 10) in a double-blind fashion and treated for 1 month. A rebreathing test to assess ventilatory response to normocapnic hypoxia and normoxic hypercapnia was performed at basal condition and after 1 month of treatment. The use of therapeutic nCPAP or sham nCPAP did not affect daytime percentage of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2%) or end-tidal P(CO2). The normocapnic hypoxic ventilatory response was reduced after 1 month of treatment with nCPAP (the slope was 1.08 +/- 0.02 L/min/SaO2% at basal condition and 0.53 +/- 0.07 L/min/SaO2% after 1 month of treatment, p = 0.008) [mean +/- SD], but not in patients treated with sham nCPAP (slope, 0.83 +/- 0.09 L/min/SaO2% and 0.85 +/- 0.19 L/min/SaO2% at basal condition and after 1 month, respectively). The normoxic hypercapnic ventilatory response remained unchanged after 1 month in both groups. No changes in ventilatory response to either hypoxia or hypercapnia were observed after a single night of nCPAP treatment. The ventilatory response to hypoxia is reduced during regular treatment, but not after short-term treatment, with nCPAP. Readjusted peripheral oxygen chemosensitivity during nCPAP treatment may be a side effect of both reduced sympathetic activity and increased baroreflex activity, or a possible continuous positive airway pressure-related mechanism leading to a reduced activation of autonomic nervous system per se.

Indirect and Direct Gas Exchange at Maximum Exercise in Beryllium Sensitization and Disease

To determine whether pulse oximetry accurately estimates arterial blood gas measurements during exercise in the assessment of chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and beryllium sensitization (BeS). Participants underwent maximal exercise physiology testing in a clinical-practice setting. Oxygen saturation in the blood was measured through an indwelling arterial line and by pulse oximetry. All exercise physiology tests were performed in the pulmonary physiology unit of the National Jewish Medical and Research Center (NJMRC) between December 1985 and November 1998. We analyzed the exercise physiology data for 168 individuals who were referred to NJMRC for evaluation of possible CBD and underwent exercise testing. On evaluation, they subsequently received diagnoses of either CBD or BeS. In BeS subjects, the percentage of oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO(2)) often underestimated the percentage of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) (mean [+/- SD] underestimation, 0.88 +/- 4.6%) at maximum exercise and showed no significant correlation (r = -0.13; p = 0.3). The use of SpO(2) misclassified 14.9% of BeS subjects as having abnormal gas exchange levels (< 90%) that were normal by arterial blood gas measurement. In contrast, SpO(2) and SaO(2) values correlated at maximum exercise in CBD subjects (r = 0.55 [corrected]; p = 0.0001) without exhibiting SpO(2) underestimation of SaO(2), and misclassification occurred in only 5.9%. These data suggest that pulse oximetry cannot be used reliably to distinguish between CBD and BeS and, thus, is not an adequate substitute for arterial blood gas analysis with exercise.

Perception, personality, and respiratory control in life-threatening asthma.

Background. Many deaths from attacks of asthma may be preventable. However, the difficulty in preventing fatal attacks is that not all the pathophysiologic risk factors have been identified. Methods. To examine whether dyspnea and chemosensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia are factors in fatal asthma attacks, we studied 11 patients with asthma who had had near-fatal attacks, 11 patients with asthma who had not had near-fatal attacks and 16 normal subjects. Their respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia, determined by the standard rebreathing technique while the patients were in remission, were assessed in terms of the slopes of ventilation and airway occlusion pressure as a function of the percentage of arterial oxygen saturation and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, respectively. The perception of dyspnea was scored on the Borg scale during breathing through inspiratory resistances ranging from 0 to 30.9 cm of water per liter per second. Results. The mean (±SD) hypoxic ventilatory response (0.14±0.12 liter per minute per percent of arterial oxygen saturation) and airway occlusion pressure (0.05±0.05 cm of water per percent of arterial oxygen saturation) were significantly lower in the patients with near-fatal asthma than in the normal subjects (0.60±0.35, P<0.01, and 0.16±0.08, P<0.01, respectively) and the patients with asthma who had not had near-fatal attacks (0.46±0.29, P= 0.003, and 0.15±0.09, P=0.004). The Borg score was also significantly lower in the patients with near-fatal asthma than in the normal subjects, and their lower hypoxic response was coupled with a blunted perception of dyspnea. Conclusions. Reduced chemosensitivity to hypoxia and blunted perception of dyspnea may predispose patients to fatal asthma attacks. (N Engl J Med 1994 ;330 :1329-34)