Artemisia Scoparia Research Articles

Simultaneous determination of p-hydroxyacetophenone, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid in Herba Artemisiae Scopariae by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection

Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection has been employed for the determination of p-hydroxyacetophenone, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid in Herba Artemisiae Scopariae (the dried sprout of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit.). The effects of several important factors, such as the concentration and the acidity of the running buffer, separation voltage, injection time, and detection potential, were investigated to acquire the optimum conditions. The detection electrode was a 300-microm-diameter carbon disc electrode at a working potential of +0.90 V (relative to the saturated calomel electrode). The three analytes can be well separated within 11 min in a 40-cm-long fused-silica capillary at a separation voltage of 15 kV in 50 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2). The relation between peak current and analyte concentration was linear over about 3 orders of magnitude, with detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) of 0.31, 0.39, and 0.50 microM for p-hydroxyacetophenone, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to monitor the three bioactive constituents in real plant samples and to differentiate between different herbal drugs with satisfactory assay results.

Scoparone Inhibits Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Lipid Peroxidation

Antioxidant capabilities of scoparone, the component of Artemisia scoparia and other medicinal plants, against lipid peroxidation induced by ultraviolet radiation or Fenton reaction have been analyzed. Lipid peroxidation was monitored by measuring the absorption spectra of the conjugated dienes and quantified by the Klein oxidation index. Obtained results imply that scoparone is a very efficient inhibitor of ultraviolet radiation-induced lipid peroxidation and damage.

울릉도 산림식생의 공간분포 및 환경과의 상관관계 분석

본 연구는 Z-M학파의 식물사회학적 방법으로 울릉도 산림식생의 유형을 분류하고 그 공간적 분포 양상을 지도화하는데 있다. 이 지역 산림식생은 크게 우산고로쇠나무군락군의 산지 식생형과 해국군락군의 해안 저지식생형으로 양분되었으며, 군락 수준에서의 식생단위는 6개 군락, 16개 군,그리고7개 소군 등 3개 범주역에서 모두 22개 유형으로 구분되었다. 식생도 작성 면적은 5,544.9 ha이며, 이 중 너도밤나무군락이 35.2%인 1,951 ha로 가장 넓은 분포역을 나타내었으며 다음으로 송악군락 1,196 ha (21.6%), 동백나무군락 1,104 ha (19.9%), 말오줌나무군락 612.0 ha (11.0%), 해국군락 506 ha (9.1%), 솔송나무-섬 잣나무군락 174.0 ha (3.1%) 등의 순으로 나타났다. CCA 분석에 의한 식생단위와 토양인자와의 상관관계를 보면, 해안식생형에서는 <TEX>$Mg^{2+}$</TEX>, pH, <TEX>$Ca^{2+}$</TEX>등이 양의 관계, 그리고 산지식생유형에서는 전질소, 탄소, C/N율의 유기물 함량과 양이온 치환 용량 등은 높은 상관을 나타내었다. 입지환경과 종 다양성의 상관관계를 보면 해발과 사면 방향은 일정한 경향을 보이지 않지만 지형과 경사도 그리고 우점하고 있는 식생에 따라 많은 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수 있었다. This study was carried out to classify all forest vegetation types in Ulleung Island, Korea using the methodology of the Z.-M. school's phytosociology, and map out the spatial distribution patterns of those vegetation types. The forest vegetation was classified into the mountain forest type (Acer okamotoanum community group) and maritime forest type (Artemisia scoparia community group). Vegetation units at the community level were divided into three categories; six communities, sixteen groups, and seven subgroups, giving a total of 22 communities. Total area for mapping was 5,544.9 ha, of which Fagus engleriana community accounted for 1,952 ha (35.2%), Hedera rhambea community ror 1,196 ha (21.6%), Camellia japonica community for 1,104 ha (19.9%), Sambucus sieboldiana var. pendula community for 612 ha (11.0%), Aster spathulifolius community for 506 ha (9.1%), and Tsuga sieboldii - Pinus parviflora community for 174 ha (3.1%). According to canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), variables such as <TEX>$Mg^{2+}$</TEX>, pH, <TEX>$Ca^{2+}$</TEX> were positively correlated in maritime vegetation types, and variables such as total nitrogen, carbon content, C/N ratio and ration exchange capacity (CEC) were highly correlated in mountain vegetation types, respectively. The sea level and the slope direction were not showing regular trend as a factor to decide on species diversity, evenness and richness in this research area. But it seems to be affected by topography, slope degree and dominance vegetation.

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Artemisia scoparia Essential Oil against Three Coleopteran Stored-Product Insects

Chemical composition of the essential oil from Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit, and its fumigant and repellent activity were investigated against three stored product insects, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Dry ground leaves were subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical composition of the volatile oil was studied by GC-MS. Nineteen components (99.51% of the total composition) were identified. β-Pinene (19.01%), capillin (17.45%), limonene (15.11%), myrcene (10.95) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. The mortality of 1-7 day old adults of the insect pests increased with concentration from 37 to 926 μL per L air and with exposure time from 3 to 24 h. A concentration of 37 μL per L air and exposure time of 24 h was sufficient to obtain 100% kill of the insects. Callosobruchus maculatus was more susceptible than S. oryzae and T. castaneum. A second more detailed bioassay gave estimates for the LC 50 of C. maculatus as 1.46 μL per L air, S. oryzae 1.87 μL per L air and T. castaneum 2.05 μL per L air. Also, the essential oil was significantly more repellent to T. castaneum and S. oryzae than C. maculatus. However, half-life time of the oil for C. maculatus was longer than S. oryzae and T. castaneum. These results show the efficacy of A. scoparia oil for use in organic food protection.

Some physiological effects of a number of plant extracts in experimental diabetes rabbits

This study was designed to examine the effect of aqueous extracts Q$ Cymbopogon citratus Cardaria draba leaves and Artemisia scoparia leaves and seeds on the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycrides, total protein and urea in Alloxan-induced diabetic local rabbits, and The results were compared with the effect of Insulin. The effect of the aqueous extracts have been also tested on some blood parameters by measuring the number of Red Blood Corpuscles, White Blood Cells, Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Hemoglobin. The aqueous extracts of Cymbopogon citratus and Cardaria draba produced significant decreased in glucose, cholesterol triglycrides and urea levels while significantly increased total proteins level of diabetic local rabbits, the aqueous extract of Artemisia scoparia leaves and seeds produced similar effects on the level of glucose, urea and total protein. In diabetic local rabbits the aqueous extracts of Cymbopogon citratus and Cardaria draba showed significant decrease m the number of White Blood Cells and the aqueous extract for Cardaria draba produced a significant increase in the number of Red Blood Corpuscles, whereas the aqueous extract of the Artemisia scoparia leaves and seeds produced no significant effect on the blood components. The results obtained suggest that these extracts may being used for the treatments of Diabetes Mellitus after be sure that there is no side effect.

INTRASPECFIC AND INTERSPECFIC COMPETITION OF &amp;lt;EM&amp;gt;ARTEMISIA SCOPARIA&amp;lt;/EM&amp;gt; UNDER DIFFERENT SITE CONDITIONS IN THE HILLY REGION OF LOESS PLATEAU

Background and Aims In hilly Loess region, Artemisia scoparia is always the dominator in the early abandoned field communities. It may be replaced by Agropyron cristatum or Heteropappus altaicus or Stipa bungeana in next succession stage when no disturbance occurs. In order to study the direction of Artemisia scoparia community succession under different standing conditions, we conducted transplant experiments to test the intraspecfic and interspecfic competition of Artemisia scoparia in river terrace and northern mound land and, at the same time, its morphological traits were investigated. Methods In the experiments, nine species (three coexisting species, five later sere species and Artemisia scoparia itself) were chosen and transplanted as test species, but due to the low survival of two species, only seven species were analyzed to test the relative competition ability to phytometer Artemisia scoparia under different standing conditions. Key Results The results show that the individuals tend to be miniaturized, i.e., its communities are composed mainly of small-sized individuals and competition can change the morphological traits. The unit biomass competition intensity is better than total competition intensity in explaining plants' relative competitive ability when local conditions and plant size are considered. Under the northern mound land and the lowest river terrace, late-successional and perennials species have higher competitative ability than early-successional and annual plants, suggesting that the competition of late- against early-successional species is one of the driving force to succession. Comparison of the competition between the seven test species and the unit biomass of Artemisia scoparia, the northern mound land ranks the first, lower river terrace the second and the lowest terrace the third, suggesting that intensive competition occurs more severely in poor growing conditions. There is significant difference in the ability of competition between the test species and Artemisia scoparia from the lowest river terrace to the northern mound land, suggesting that the ranks of the competition ability may vary depending on standing conditions. Conclusions As competition is one of the decisive factors in constructing plant community, the shift or variation of competition ability between coexisting species and sere species may result in different community structure and dynamics, so it changes the direction and pathway of succession under different standing conditions.

Comparing Artemisia sieberi Besser and Artemisia scoparia Waldst and Kit. Elemental Content Grown on Crusted and Uncrusted Soils

Biological soil crusts occur as assemblage of lichens, mosses, liverworts, and cyanobacteria. Lichens and mosses are the two important components of biological soil crusts, especially in arid and semiarid rangeland environments, where vascular plants vegetation is poor. Biological soil crusts contribute to a variety of ecological functions. The current study was carried out to compare two native shrubs elemental content. For this purpose, aerial parts of two native annual and perennial shrubs, Artemisia scoparia and A. sieberi, were collected from crusted and uncrusted soils in Qara Qir rangelands, next to Iran - Turkmenistan border line. N, P, K, Zn and Fe of the samples were measured. Factorial experiment based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used for data analysis. Results showed that N, Fe and Zn content of samples collected from crusted and uncrusted sites were significantly different. Different treatments showed different behavior for each of mentioned elements. A. scoparia related to crusted and uncrusted soils contained the highest and lowest nitrogen percent, respectively. Zinc of A. sieberi and A. scoparia both collected from crusted site showed the greatest and lowest amount, respectively. This status was true for Fe changes in understudy treatments, too.

전북 동진강 하구역 일대의 염습지 식물상 및 식생에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study was to research about salt marsh flora and vegetation in the Dongjin-river estuary area where has a project for Sea Man Geum Reclaimed Land so that we can foster foundation on restoration of an ecological habitat, development of applicable plant and establishment of a conservation policy after deceloping the reclaimed land for salt marsh vegetation which has great value ecologically. In conclusion, we was distributed that there are 7 families 21 genera, 25 species, 2 varieties of vascular plant at the Dongjin-river estuary area which have 27 taxa in total and are among 4,191 of korean vascular plant. There are also 2 family, 2 genus, 2 species of a naturalized plant which are of indicator of a naturalized plant salt marsh vegetation of the downstream are very much affected by the time of inundation, tidal water so that a low degree of salt marsh has frequent flooding by sea water and has a pure group of Suaeda japonica. A Phragmites communis, Carex scabrifolia are distributed mainly around a waterway of salt marsh and Zoysia sinica, Atriplex subcordata, Phragmites communis are living in stock as forming into patch around medium salt marsh. Suaeda asparagoides, Phacelurus latifolius are living around a little high ground and a Phragmites communis is a behind vegetation of Phacelurus latifolius and a part of the Phragmites communis are living along with waterway in a salt marsh as a community. By the 2-M method twelve plant communities were recognized ; Suaeda japonica. Carex scabrifolia, Zoysia sinica, Artemisia scoparia, Phacelurus latifolius, Phragmites communis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda japonica-Atriplex gmelini, Phragmites communis-Suaeda japonica, Suaeda japonica-Salicornia herbacea, Salicornia herbacea-Suaeda aspar-agoides and Scirpus planiculmis community. The actual vegetation map was constructed on the grounds of the communities classified and other data.

Volatile components fromArtemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit growing in central Iran

The chemical composition of the essential oil of Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit, growing wild in Kashan, Iran, was analysed by GC and GC-MS. Fifteen compounds, constituing 99% of the total components detected, were identified. Among them 1-phenyl-penta-2,4-diyne (30.9%), β-pinene (23.3%), limonene (10.2%) and (E)-β-osimene (9.7%) were the major components of the oil, which was obtained in 0.96% yield. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Essential Oils Composition of Iranian Artemisia absinthium L. and Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit.

The essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L. and Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. (Compositae) collected from the suburb of Behshar, northern Iran, in June 2002, were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. The major components of A. absinthium oil were β-thujone (35.1%), p-cymene (16.5%), β-pinene (7.3%) and 7-ethyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dimethylazulene (5.5%). The major components of A. scoparia oil were camphor (37.9%), 1,8-cineole (27.8%) and borneol (21.1%).

Natural vegetation recovery on waste dump in opencast coalmine area

The changes of vegetation compositions, plant species diversity, species important value and succession of plant community were studied on waste dumps in Haizhou opencast coalmine which is located in the west of Liaoning Province, China (41°41′–42°56′ N, 121°1′–122°56′E). Four kinds of terraces with different ages (5, 10, 20 and 40 years) were selected for investigation of plants. Total of 63 species of natural colonized plants were recorded on the waste dump and they belong to 23 families. The main families were Composiatae (15 species), Fabaceae (11 species) and Leguminosae (8 species), which accounted for 54.0% of total species and play an important role in natural vegetation recovery in waste dump area. The dominant species on 5-, 10-, 20-, 40-year-old terraces wereTribulus terrestris+Echinochloa hispidula+Salsola collina, Echinochloa hispidula+Artemisia sieversiana+Artemisia scoparia, Echinochloa hispidula+Clinelymus dahuricus+Artemisia scoparia+Artemisia sieversiana+Melilotus officinalis, Clinelymus dahuricus+Phragmites communis+ Echinochloa hispidula+Setaria viridis, respectively. According to the important value of species calculated. It is determined thatTribulus terrestris can act as pioneer species on waste dump andClinelymus dahuricus, Phragmites communis andEchinochloah hispidula are important dominant species in vegetation restoration in Haizhou opencast coalmine. The study results can provide scientific basis for selecting and disposing appropriately plant species and rehabilitating vegetation on waste dumps of coalmine.

Essential oil constituents of aerial parts of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. &amp; Kit.

AbstractHydrodistilled oil obtained from the aerial parts of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. &amp; Kit. was analysed by capillary GC and GC–MS. The volatile oil of the 10–15 cm high herb was composed mainly of eight monoterpenes (ca. 68.5%), and the predominant constituents were β‐myrcene (24.4%), γ‐terpinene (18.3%), neral (12.5%) and cis‐p‐mentha‐2‐en‐1‐ol (5.1%). Among seven sesquiterpenes (6.9%) present in the oil, the prominent one was β‐caryophyllene (3.4%). p‐Cymene (17.4%) and p‐cymene‐8‐ol were the characterized aromatic compounds in the volatile oil. Three aliphatic constituents, identified as n‐octane, n‐heptadecane and n‐eicosane, occurred in trace amounts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Scoparone inhibits tissue factor expression in lipopolysaccharide-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Tissue factor (TF) is an important regulator and effector molecule of coagulation in various inflammatory states. In sepsis, expression of TF by activated endothelial cells leads to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Scoparone is extracted from the traditional Chinese herb ARTEMISIA SCOPARIA and is known to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. In the current studies, we examined the effects of scoparone on inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TF expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Flow-cytometric analysis revealed LPS (10 micro g/ml)-activated surface TF induction was concentration-dependently inhibited by scoparone (10-400 micro M). The concentrations of scoparone used in this study did not affect cell viability. The elevation of the procoagulant activity of TF by LPS was suppressed by scoparone. The LPS-induced superoxide formation was markedly decreased by scoparone. Messenger RNA expression of TF in LPS-activated HUVECs was also reduced by scoparone. Furthermore, scoparone did not significantly affect the IkappaBalpha degradation. Our results demonstrate that the inhibition of scoparone on LPS-induced TF expression in HUVECs may mediate by the mechanisms suppressing superoxide anion formation and TF transcription.

Scoparone Inhibits Tissue Factor Expression in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Tissue factor (TF) is an important regulator and effector molecule of coagulation in various inflammatory states. In sepsis, expression of TF by activated endothelial cells leads to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Scoparone is extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia scoparia and is known to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. In the current studies, we examined the effects of scoparone on inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TF expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Flow-cytometric analysis revealed LPS (10 µg/ml)-activated surface TF induction was concentration-dependently inhibited by scoparone (10–400 µM). The concentrations of scoparone used in this study did not affect cell viability. The elevation of the procoagulant activity of TF by LPS was suppressed by scoparone. The LPS-induced superoxide formation was markedly decreased by scoparone. Messenger RNA expression of TF in LPS-activated HUVECs was also reduced by scoparone. Furthermore, scoparone did not significantly affect the IĸBα degradation. Our results demonstrate that the inhibition of scoparone on LPS-induced TF expression in HUVECs may mediate by the mechanisms suppressing superoxide anion formation and TF transcription.

Esculetin inhibits Ras-mediated cell proliferation and attenuates vascular restenosis following angioplasty in rats

The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by injury to the intima of arteries is an important etiologic factor in vascular proliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Esculetin, derived from the Chinese herb Artemisia scoparia, is well known as a lipoxygenase inhibitor. We have investigated the inhibitory effects of esculetin on VSMC proliferation and intimal hyperplasia by balloon angioplasty in the rat. We determined, using [ 3 H ]thymidine incorporation and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, that esculetin inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs via a lipoxygenase-independent pathway. Three predominant signaling pathways were identified to be inhibited by esculetin: (a) the activation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the downstream effectors of c- fos and c- jun immediate early genes by means of western and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) analyses; (b) the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay; and (c) the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and cell cycle progression, by western blot analysis and flow cytometric detection. Furthermore, esculetin also profoundly inhibited Ras activation, a shared upstream event of the above signaling cascades. In vascular injury studies, intraperitoneal administration of esculetin significantly suppressed intimal hyperplasia induced by balloon angioplasty. We conclude that esculetin blocks cell proliferation via the inhibition of an upstream effector of Ras and downstream events including p42/44 MAPK activation, PI 3-kinase activation, immediate early gene expression, as well as NF-κB and AP-1 activation. It also inhibits intimal hyperplasia after balloon vascular injury in the rat, indicating the therapeutic potential for treating restenosis after arterial injury.

Protective effect of rutin on paracetamol- and CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents

Rutin, a well-known flavonoid was investigated for its possible protective effect against paracetamol- and CCl 4-induced hepatic damage. Paracetamol produced 100% mortality at the dose of 1 g/kg in mice while pre-treatment of animals with rutin (20 mg/kg) reduced the death rate to 40%. Oral administration of a sub-lethal dose of paracetamol (640 mg/kg) produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the rise in serum level of transaminases (AST and ALT). Pre-treatment of rats with rutin (20 mg/kg) prevented the paracetamol-induced rise in serum enzymes. The hepatotoxic dose of CCl 4 (1.5 ml/kg; orally) also raised the serum AST and ALT levels. The same dose of rutin (20 mg/kg) was able to prevent the CCl 4-induced rise in serum enzymes. Rutin also prevented the CCl 4-induced prolongation in pentobarbital sleeping time confirming its hepatoprotectivity. These results indicate that rutin possesses hepatoprotective activity and the presence of this compound in Artemisia scoparia may explain the folkloric use of the plant in liver damage.

Plant succession and interaction between soil and plants after land reclamation on the west coast of Korea

Plant succession and the interaction between soil and plants after reclamation were investigated on the west coast of Korea. Our study included one natural tidal flat site (Namdong, 3 km2), and five sites that differed in the number of years since being reclaimed: Hyundai A, 6 km2 (1 yr); Hyundai B, 5 km2 (2 yr); Jangdeog, 5 km2 (8 yr); Mado, 2.5 km2 (12 yr); and Baegseog, 1 km2 (30 yr). The number of plant species occurring at each site was 10, 9, 15, 30, 28, and 38, respectively. Based on distribution ranges of the plants along gradients of salt and moisture contents in the soil, and species associations and life forms, plant succession was divided into two sere groups, hydrarch and xerarch. The major species of the former werePhragmites communis andTypha angustata, but the sequence of the sere could not be identified. Species associated with the latter were [Suaeda japonica] → [Salicornia herbacea, S. japonica, Atriplex subcordata, Suaeda asparagoides] → [Aster tripolium, Carex scabrifolia, Zoysia sinica, Limonium tetragonum] → [Artemisia scoparia, Calamagrostis epigeios, andSetaria viridis] → [Imperata cylindrica var.koenigii, Sonchus brachyotus, S. viridis] → [Aeschynomene indica, Lotus corniculatus var.japonicus, Trifolium repens, and other non-halo-phytes]. In certain circumstances, the first and second stages replacedS. japonica withC. scabrifolia andZ sinica. The progression of interactions between soil and plants through succession was salt leaching → increase in species richness and biomass → increase in soil organic matter → increase in total nitrogen and decrease in bulk density of soil, and/or salt leaching → increase in phytomass → decrease in soil-available phosphorus.

Volatile Constituents of Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit. Leaves

The leaf oil of Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit. (Asteraceae) was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Monoterpenes and phenyl propanoids amounted to 81.7%. The more important costituents were found to be γ-terpinene (21.8%), eugenol (20.4%), eugenyl valerate (5.5%), limonene (5.0%), p-cymene (4.6%), eugenyl isovalerate (4.2%) and eugenyl butyrate (2.9%).

Plant distribution in relation to soil properties of reclaimed lands on the West Coast of Korea

Plant species distribution was studied on five reclaimed lands and one intertidal flat (control) on the western coast of Korea. Nineteen soil properties were analyzed. Of these, soil moisture, electrical conductivity, and levels of Na and Cl had the greatest effect on plant distribution. The plant species were divided into four groups, according to the amount of soil moisture found at their habitats.Triglochin maritimum andTypha angustata were found on the wettest sites;Phragmites communis, Carex scabrifolia, Suaeda japonica, Zoysia sinica, andSalicornia herbacea in places with relatively high moisture;Aster tripolium andPhacelurus latifolius in areas with medium levels of moisture; andAtriplex subcordata, Chenopodium virgatum, andTrifolium repens in the driest areas. The species also were divided into four groups, according to the degree of soil electrical conductivity: Highest,S. herbacea, Limonium tetragonum, Suaeda asparagoides, andS. japonica; Relatively high,A. tripolium, C. scabrifolia, P. communis, Artemisia scoparia, andZ sinka; Relatively low,Setaria viridis, C. virgatum, Sonchus brachyotus, A. subcordata, Calamagrostis epigeios, andT. angustata; and Lowest,Imperata cylindrica var.koenigii, Aeschynomene indica, Lotus corniculatus var.japonicus, andT. repens. On reclaimed land, plant species were found in zones, according to the degree of desalinization (i.e., levels of Na and Cl).

New Compounds from Roots of Artemisia scoparia

ABSTRACT A new sterol (artemisterol C), tetraterpenoid (scoparoic acid) and lanostene-type triterpene (artemilanosterol) have been isolated from the roots of Artemisia scoparia Waldst & Kit. The structures of these compounds have been established as β-sitosteryl (14′-hydroxy-12′-keto-octadec)-2′)4′,6′-trieneoate, tetracont-7(8), 29(30)-diene-15,17,20-triol-19-one-26-oic acid, and 14-desmethyl-14-hydroxylanost-24(25)-ene-3β-y1-11′,13′,15-trienstearate by using spectral and chemical analyses.