Extract Of Artemisia Absinthium Research Articles

Fabrication and Evaluation of a Soy Protein Isolate/Collagen/Sodium Alginate Multifunctional Bilayered Wound Dressing: Release of Cinnamaldehyde, Artemisia absinthium, and Oxygen.

Chronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers and pressure sores, pose significant challenges in modern healthcare due to their prolonged healing times and susceptibility to infections. This study aims to engineer a bilayered wound dressing (BLWD) composed of soy protein isolate/collagen with the ability to release Cinnamaldehyde, Artemisia absinthium (AA), and oxygen. Cinnamaldehyde, magnesium peroxide (MgO2), and AA extract were encapsulated. Nanoparticles were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering, and ZETA potential tests. Swelling, degradation, water vapor penetration, tensile, MTT, SEM, oxygen release, AA extract release, and antibacterial properties were performed. An in vivo study was carried out to assess the final wound dressing under Hematoxiline&Eosin and Masson trichrome staining analysis and compared to a commercial product. According to the results, the synthesized nanoparticles had an average diameter of about 20 nm with a zeta potential in the range of -20 to -30 mV. The layers had uniform and dense surfaces. The maximum swelling and degradation of the dressing was about 130 and 13% respectively. Generally, better mechanical properties were observed in BLWD than in the single-layer case. More than 90% biocompatibility for the wound dressing was reported. The BLWD could inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Histopathological analysis showed an acceptable wound-healing property. To sum up, the engineered wound dressing can be a good candidate for more clinical trials.

Effectiveness of some plant extracts in biocontrol of induced onion basal rot disease in greenhouse conditions

One of Egypt’s most notable and historically significant vegetable crops is the Liliaceae plant, Allium cepa L. In this study, the effectiveness of methanolic extracts of Artemisia absinthium leaves, Calotropis procera latex, Moringa oleifera seeds, and Syzygium aromaticum clove was investigated in vitro and, in a greenhouse, setting against Fusarium oxysporum, the pathogen that causes onion basal rot in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The S. aromaticum extract exhibited the inhibition peak (63.3%), whereas the A. absinthium extract had the lowest inhibition impact against F. oxysporum growth (41.1%). The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis revealed that 82 important compounds, with abundances ranging from low to high, were present in the tested S. aromaticum’s methanolic extract. The primary components were acetaldehyde, hydroxy- and 2-propanone, 1,1,3,3-tetrachloro-(42.71%), 1,2-ethanediol, and methyl alcohol (34.01%). In comparison to the infected control, the disease severity was significantly reduced by 20% with the use of a plant extracts mixture and Dovex 50% and increased by 62.22% with the use of an extract from A. absinthium. When compared to the infected control, onion plant fresh weight and dry weight were considerably higher under the clove extract therapy. The plant extracts used in this study’s testing contain a number of active ingredients, including amino acids, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and enzymes, which is probably why they have such positive impacts. The application of a combination of plant extracts was suggested as a feasible strategy for improving the growth and productivity of onion plants by the study’s findings. More research is needed to comprehend the mechanisms by which plant extracts promote plant development and to optimize the concentration and timing of administration.

The false tiger of almond, Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera: Tingidae): Biology, ecology, and control methods

Abstract The almond tree, following the olive tree, holds the distinction of being the fruit species occupying the largest area in Morocco, spanning 128,000 ha and hosting 16 million trees. This sector holds immense socio-economic significance both nationally and globally. Despite its prominence, the almond tree faces severe phytosanitary challenges, prominently among them, the False tiger bug of the almond tree, Monosteira unicostata (Mulsant & Rey [Hemiptera: Tingidae]). This polyphagous, sedentary, and gregarious hemipteran, boasting five larval instars and typically generating four generations annually, exhibits a life cycle duration ranging from 2 to 3 months contingent on the season. This pest inflicts notable harm on almond tree leaves by extracting their chlorophyll content through its piercing mouthparts and depositing excrement, impeding respiratory function and adversely impacting fruit development, maturation, and overall production. Diverse control strategies have been implemented to tackle this issue, commencing with prophylaxis involving resistant varieties and sound agricultural practices. Subsequently, biological control methods leveraging natural enemies such as Piocoris luridus and species from families including Coccinellidae, Anthocoridae, Lygaeidae, Miridae, and Nabidae have been employed. Plant-based biopesticides such as azadirachtin (Azadirachta indica), thyme oil (Thymus zygis), Jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas), and concentrated extracts of Artemisia absinthium, as well as mineral-based approaches involving treated kaolin sprays through particle film technology, contribute to the arsenal of control measures. In cases of severe infestations, synthetic active ingredients such as organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, abamectin, and deltamethrin, among others, have proven efficacy in managing this pest.

Spectral analysis and antibacterial effect of cold methanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium L.

The study aimed to determine the bioactive components and antibacterial activities of cold methanolic extract leaves (CMMEL) of Artemisia absinthium L. CMMEL was tested for phytochemicals, GC-MS analyses was performed to identify the bioactive components, and anti-bacterial properties. The phytochemical analysis of CMMEL revealed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, saponins, and amino acids. GC-MS analysis of CMMEL of A. absinthium L. revealed several unique bioactive compounds, including margaspidin, stigmasterol, octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic, corymbolone, and bicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2. The antibacterial spectrum of CMMEL can be sequenced as Streptococcus pyogenes (8.83 ± 1.8 mm) > Escherichia coli (7.6 ± 0.6 mm) > Bacillus subtilis (6.6 ± 1.6 mm) > Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.5 ± 0.3 mm) > Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.1 ± 1.1 mm) > Staphylococcus aureus (5.23 ± 0.8 mm). Although the CMMEL of A. absinthium L. showed the presence of many bioactive compounds but did not substantially inhibit the growth of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, according to the findings.

Antipyretic activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Artemisia absinthium L. as a standalone and as an adjuvant with barley water against yeast-induced pyrexia in albino Wistar rats.

In Unani medicine, a comprehensive treatment plan has been delineated to deal with febrile illnesses using herbal drugs along with modified dietetics, which stands as apromising area of research. The present study was aimed atevaluating the antipyretic activity of the HAE of Artemisia absinthium L. whole plant as a standalone and as an adjuvant with barley water in an animal model of pyrexia tovalidate the age-old Unani principle of the treatment. The pyrexia was induced in all the groups except the plain control using Brewer's yeast. Group II did not receive any treatment, while group III received crocin, group IV received HAE of A.absinthium, group V administered Maal-Sha'ir, and group VI was treated with the HAE of A.absinthium along with Ma al-Sha'ir by oral route. The rectal temperature of each rat was recorded at '0' h, 30 min, 60 min, and 180 min. The mean rectal temperature of group III went down from 101.82±0.20 °F to 100.4±0.57 °F over the period of(0-180) minutes, whereas the mean temperature in groupIV went down from 102.45±0.60 °F to 100.14±0.57 °F. The mean rectal temperature of group V decreased from 100.62±0.11 °F to 99.55±0.51 °F, while the mean rectal temperature of group VI went down from 101.95±0.1 °F to97.7±0.11 °F. It is concluded that the HAE of A.absinthium L. as a standalone and along with Ma al Sha'ir showed excellent antipyretic activity as compared to the standard drug in an animal model.

The aqueous extract of Artemisia Absinthium L. stimulates HO-1/MT-1/Cyp450 signaling pathway via oxidative stress regulation induced by aluminium oxide nanoparticles (α and γ) animal model

BackgroundThis research aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Artemisia Absinthium L. (Abs) against liver damage induced by aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) in rats, including both structural and functional changes associated with hepatotoxicity.MethodsThirty-six rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). The first group received no treatment. The second group was orally administered Abs at a dose of 200 mg/kg/b.w. The third and fifth groups were injected intraperitoneally with γ-Al2O3 NPs and α-Al2O3 NPs, respectively, at a dose of 30 mg/kg/b.w. The fourth and sixth groups were pre-treated with oral Abs at a dose of 200 mg/kg/b.w. along with intraperitoneal injection of γ-Al2O3 NPs and α-Al2O3 NPs, respectively, at a dose of 30 mg/kg/b.w.ResultsTreatment with γ-Al2O3 NPs resulted in a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in total body weight gain, relative liver weight to body weight, and liver weight in rats. However, co-administration of γ-Al2O3 NPs with Abs significantly increased body weight gain (P < 0.05). Rats treated with Al2O3 NPs (γ and α) exhibited elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Conversely, treatment significantly reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels compared to the control group. Furthermore, the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and metallothionein-1 (MT-1) mRNAs, cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) protein, and histopathological changes were significantly up-regulated in rats injected with Al2O3 NPs. Pre-treatment with Abs significantly reduced MDA, AST, HO-1, and CYP P450 levels in the liver, while increasing GPx and T-SOD levels compared to rats treated with Al2O3 NPs.ConclusionThe results indicate that Abs has potential protective effects against oxidative stress, up-regulation of oxidative-related genes and proteins, and histopathological alterations induced by Al2O3 NPs. Notably, γ-Al2O3 NPs exhibited greater hepatotoxicity than α-Al2O3 NPs.

Development of Nanosuspension of Artemisia absinthium Extract as Novel Drug Delivery System to Enhance Its Bioavailability and Hepatoprotective Potential.

A nanosuspension of Artemisia absinthium extract was formulated and characterized for the enhancement of bioavailability and better hepatoprotective efficacy. The nanosuspension of A. absinthium extract was formulated using an antisolvent precipitation technique, and various formulation parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized nanosuspension was characterized using AFM and FT-IR spectroscopy. The drug-release profile and oral bioavailability of the optimized nanosuspension were assessed with reference to coarse suspension. The DPPH radical scavenging method was used to measure the nanosuspension's antioxidant activity, and its in vivo hepatoprotective potential was assessed against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats. The developed optimized nanosuspension had suitable zeta potential of -11.9 mV, PDI of 0.285, and mean particle size of 253.8 nm. AFM study demonstrated a homogeneous population of nanoparticles with average size of 25 nm. The formulated nanosuspension of A. absinthium showed faster dissolution rate and 1.13-fold enhanced bioavailability as compared to the coarse suspension (plant extract). Furthermore, the nanoformulation had stronger antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential as compared to the unprocessed coarse extract. These results demonstrated that nanosuspension is a promising strategy for improving the oral bioavailability and bioactivities of A. absinthium extract.

Evaluation of the Aqueous Extract of Artemisia absinthium L. on Growth Performance and White Blood Count in Broiler

In this research, the effects of an Artemisia absinthium L. aqueous extract on broiler growth were measured. A total of 384 old-day broilers were used in a completely randomized study with three replicate each (n=32 each replicate). The basal diet was supplied with groups N0 (control), N1, N2, and N3 representing (5, 10, and 15% Artemisia absinthium L.), and the birds were kept under observation for 35 days. The results showed that there was no significant for body weight (g) and weight gain (g) between the aqueous extract groups (5, 10, and 15%) and the control group at 21 days of age. On the other hand, the broiler traded with Artemisia absinthium had a higher feed intake and FRC compared to the others groups during age 21 days. During age 35 days the Artemisia absinthium has significant effects (p<0.05) on the broiler’s performance compared to the control. The number of white blood cells in broilers fed with 5% Artemisia absinthium aqueous extract significantly differed significantly from the other groups. There was a significant difference in Lymphocytes (%) between the aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium and the control groups. There was no significant difference in Heterophils (%) or H/L (%). In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Artemisia absinthium can improve broiler performance and enhance the white blood cells.

Protective Effect of Artemisia absinthium Extract Against Glutamate- Induced Toxicity in PC12 Cells

Objectives: Glutamatergic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous central nervous system disorders. Artemisia absinthium (A. absinthium), has been reported to have neuro protective and antioxidant activities. The current study examined the effect of A. absinthium extract on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity using PC12 cells. Methods: PC12 cells were pretreated with A. absinthium extract (70% ethanol) at concentration ranges of 6.25-25 µg/ml for 2 h, followed by exposure to glutamate (8 mM) for 24 hr. The cells viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and lipid peroxidation were measured. Moreover, a propidium iodide flow cytometry assay was performed for the assessment of apoptosis. Results: Pretreatment with A. absinthium extract markedly attenuated the loss of cell viability, ROS gen-eration, lipid peroxidation, and cell apoptosis in glutamate-injured PC-12 cells. Conclusion: Our results indicate that A. absinthium extract protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced injury, possibly by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Pre-clinical toxicity assessment of Artemisia absinthium extract-loaded polymeric nanoparticles associated with their oral administration.

Background: This study was designed to quantify the composition of the ethanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and ensure in vivo safety of A. absinthium extract-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (ANPs) before considering their application as a drug carrier via the oral route. Methods: We synthesized N-isopropylacrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and acrylic acid crosslinked polymeric NPs by free-radical polymerization reaction and characterized them by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering spectroscopy. Different concentrations of extract (50mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 2,000mg/kg body weight) were encapsulated into the hydrophobic core of polymeric micelles for the assessment of acute oral toxicity and their LD50 cut-off value as per the test procedure of OECD guideline 423. Orally administered female Wistar rats were observed for general appearance, behavioral changes, and mortality for the first 30min, 4h, 24h, and then, daily once for 14days. Result: ANPs at the dose of 300mg/kg body weight were used as an initial dose, and rats showed few short-lived signs of toxicity, with few histological alterations in the kidney and intestine. Based on these observations, the next set of rats were treated at a lower dose of 50mg/kg and a higher dose of 2,000mg/kg ANPs. Rats administered with 50mg/kg ANPs remained normal throughout the study with insignificant histological disintegration; however, rats treated at 2,000mg/kg ANPs showed some signs of toxicity followed by mortality among all three rats within 24-36h, affecting the intestine, liver, and kidney. There were no significant differences in hematological and biochemical parameters among rats treated at 50mg/kg and 300mg/kg ANPs. Conclusion: We conclude that the LD50 cut-off value of these ANPs will be 500mg/kg extract loaded in polymeric NPs.

Artemisia Absinthium Extract Attenuates the Quinolinic Acid-Induced Cell Injury in OLN-93 Cells.

Increased quinolinic acid (QA) accumulation has been found in many neurodegenerative diseases. Artemisia absinthium (A. absinthium) has been reported to have neuroprotective and antioxidant activities. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of A. absinthium in QAinduced neurotoxicity in OLN-93 Cells. OLN-93 cells were cultured in a DMEM medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. The cells were pretreated with concentrations of A. absinthium extract for two h and then exposed to QA for 24 h. After 24 h cell viability, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptotic cells were quantitated in OLN-93 Cells. Pretreatment with A. absinthium extract prevented the loss of cell viability in OLN-93 cells. ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in QA-injured OLN-93 cells were reduced following A. absinthium extract pretreatment. A. absinthium extract exerts its neuroprotective effect against QA-induced neurotoxicity via oxidative stress and apoptosis modulation.

Aphicidal activity of some indigenous plants extracts against cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and mealy plum aphid, Hyalopterus pruni (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Synthetic pesticides have made an impact on aphid control but limitations due to the development of resistance and negative impact on humans and the environment, focus has shifted to alternative strategies. We explored the effectiveness of indigenous plant extracts of Artemisia absinthium and Prunus armeniaca against B. brassicae and H. pruni while preserving its natural enemies. Four replicates of the extracts were studied under laboratory conditions. Ethanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium (EEAA) shows 75.64% and 60.25% mortality while ethanolic extract of Prunus apricot kernel (EEPAK) shows 66.66% and 48.71% mortality of H. pruni and B. brassicae respectively (p < 0.01). Similarly, aqueous extracts of Artemisia absinthium (AEAA) and Prunus apricot kernel (AEPAK) also seem to be useful with 62.5% and 58.78% mortality in H. pruni, respectively. Of the different ethanolic extracts, 5% of AA was found most effective against aphids with a population reduction of 75.64% while 1% of aqueous extract of the PAK showed the least (7.69%) aphid mortality. Due to their availability, affordability, and eco-friendly, small-scale farmers can use them as a replacement for chemical pesticides. Thus, we suggest the use of Prunus apricot kernel (PAK) and Artemisia absinthium (AA) for the management of aphids in and around Ladakh.

Pharmacological activities of Artemisia absinthium and control of hepatic cancer by expression regulation of TGFβ1 and MYC genes.

Plant derived compounds have always been an important source of medicines and have received significant attention in recent years due to their diverse pharmacological properties. Millions of plant-based herbal or traditional medicines are used to cure various types of cancers especially due to activation of proliferative genes. The aim of the present study was to characterize the altered and attenuated gene expression of the selected growth factor namely Transforming growth factor Beta -1 (TGFβ1) and MYC in human hepatoma-derived (Huh7) liver cancer cell lines in response to extracts of Artemisia absinthium dissolved in selected organic solvents. Ethanolic, methanolic and acetone extract of different plant parts (leaf, stem and flowers) was used to access the antiproliferative activity by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay. Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR revealed that the transcript levels of TGFβ1 are induced in the samples treated with methanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium. Furthermore, reduced expression levels of MYC gene was noticed in cancerous cells suggesting antiproliferative properties of the plant. This study further highlights the resistance profile of various microbes by antimicrobial susceptibility test with plant extracts. In addition, antidiabetic effect of Artemisia absinthium have also shown positive results. Our study elucidates the potentials of Artemisia absinthium as a medicinal plant, and highlights the differential expression of genes involved in its mitogenic and anti-proliferative activity with a brief account of its pharmacological action.

Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Artemisia Species

Taking into account the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, actual research focused on plant extracts is vital. The aim of our study was to investigate leaf and stem ethanolic extracts of Artemisia absinthium L. and Artemisia annua L. in order to explore their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Total phenolic content (TPC) was evaluated spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS. The antibacterial activity of wormwood extracts was assessed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enteritidis cultures, and by zone of inhibition in Klebsiella carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Escherichia coli extended-spectrum β-lactamases cultures (ESBL). The Artemisia annua L. leaf extract (AnL) exhibited the highest TPC (518.09 mg/mL) and the highest expression of sinapic acid (285.69 ± 0.002 µg/mL). Nevertheless, the highest antioxidant capacity (1360.51 ± 0.04 µM Trolox/g DW by ABTS and 735.77 ± 0.02 µM Trolox/g DW by DPPH) was found in Artemisia absinthium L. leaf from the second year of vegetation (AbL2). AnL extract exhibited the lowest MIC and MBC for all tested bacteria and the maximal zone of inhibition for Klebsiella CRE and Escherichia coli ESBL. Our study revealed that AbL2 exhibited the best antioxidant potential, while AnL extract had the strongest antibacterial effect.

STAGES OF PRECLINICAL STUDIES OF HERBS EXTRACTS OF ARTEMISIA SPECIES

At the present stage of the development of science, it remains relevant to create new medicines of plant origin with the use of extracts as active substances and improvement of the composition and technology of existing ones.&#x0D; The article aimed to highlight the main stages of preclinical studies of herbal extracts of Artemisia species to establish their pharmacological activity, preclinical safety profile, and prospects for further research in developing a medicinal product.&#x0D; As a result of the research conducted using the method of generalization and systematic analysis, we identified the main stages of pharmacological research of plant extracts as medicinal substances using the example of Artemisia absinthium L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. extracts.&#x0D; Identifying the main stages of pharmacological research of plant extracts is necessary to establish the preclinical profile of the substance's safety, pharmacological effectiveness, and prospects for further study in the development of the medicinal product.&#x0D; In the first stage, a toxico-pharmacological study of the extracts is carried out, which includes the study of acute toxicity of the еxtracts. It was established that the intragastric administration of extracts of Artemisia absinthium L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. at a dose of 6000 mg/kg does not lead to the death of animals, which indicates the absence of toxic effects of the extracts in this dose, and characterizes them as practically non-toxic (toxicity class V, LD50 &gt; 5000 mg/kg).&#x0D; At the second stage of pharmacological research, the anti-inflammatory activity of Artemisia absinthium L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. extracts was studied (on models of formalin, carrageenan, and zymosan edema). It was established that the sections of Artemisia absinthium L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. showed a pronounced anti-exudative effect throughout the experiment.&#x0D; At the third research stage, a study of specific pharmacological activity – hepatoprotective (antioxidant) training was activity.&#x0D; It was found that extracts of Artemisia species exhibit hepatoprotective activity in acute toxic liver damage, which leads to a decrease in the intensity of the lipid peroxidation process and a reduction in the harmful effect of tetrachloromethane, bringing the biochemical indicators of blood and liver homogenate of animals to the level of intact animals. The results of the research show that the extract of the herb Artemisia absinthium L. at a dose of 25 mg/kg of the animal's body weight showed a more intense and more effective effect in acute hepatitis compared to the extract of the herb Artemisia vulgaris L. The extract of the herb Artemisia absinthium L. are not inferior to the hepatoprotective effect of the comparative drug "Silibor".&#x0D; So, we established a general design of pharmacological research, which included the following stages:&#x0D; I stage. Study of the harmlessness of extracts - study of acute toxicity.&#x0D; II stage. Study of pharmacological activity of extracts - anti-inflammatory activity.&#x0D; III stage. Research of specific pharmacological activity – hepatoprotective (antioxidative) activity.&#x0D; Thus, a properly planned preclinical study showed the absence of toxic effects of Artemisia absinthium L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. extracts and the prospect of further pharmacological experiments.

Phenolic profile and antifungal activity of leaf extract of Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae)

Phenolic profile and antifungal activity of leaf extract of Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae)

Potential of the combination of Artemisia absinthium extract and cisplatin in inducing apoptosis cascades through the expression of p53, BAX, caspase 3 ratio, and caspase 9 in lung cancer cells (Calu-6)

Artemisia has received attention in treating cancer because of having bioactive components, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study assessed the synergistic effect of Artemisia absinthium extract and cisplatin on Calu-6 human lung cancer cells. Separation and identification of extract components were assessed by TLC, HPLC-MS, and GC-MS. The cell viability, and antiproliferative activity of A. absinthium extract and cisplatin was measured separately and synergistically by MTT. Additionally, nuclear morphological changes were evaluated through DAPI staining. Annexin V/PI test and real-time PCR technique were respectively applied to determine apoptosis induction, and variations in expression level of P53, caspas-3 and 9, and BAX genes. The important components including costunolide, thujone, and artemisinin were identified in Artemisia absinthium extract. The results of MTT, extract, cisplatin, and their combination inhibited proliferation of Calu-6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This combination significantly reduced the cell viability in comparison to control (p<0.001). DAPI staining results represented cell nuclear morphological changes including nuclear chromatin condensation, apoptotic body formation, and cell membrane shrinkage. Further, Annexin V/PI test and alterations in expression level of the apoptosis-involved genes revealed an increase in apoptosis in Calu-6 cells. The A. absinthium extract could enhanced cell sensitivity of cisplatin by its active compounds. The treatment with A. absinthium extract + cisplatin may reduce cisplatin side-effects in lung cancer cells through declining the dosage along with utilizing the potential of plant constituents. Finally, Artemisia can be suggested as an adjunctive compound with less side effects for lung cancer therapy.

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer potential of Artemisia absinthium growing in Kashmir Himalayas

Herbal medicines are an important and growing part of International pharmacopeia. Research and testing enhance our understanding of their medical properties, making them a safer alternative or preferable option to allopathic medication. Plant-derived pharmaceuticals are gaining popularity due to the belief that "green medicine" is safer and more trustworthy than expensive synthetic drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and anticancer potential of the methanolic leaf extract of Artemisia absinthium against human lung cancer A549 cell line by well diffusion method and MTT assay, respectively. The A. absinthium leaf extract showed the highest activity against Enterococcus faecalis (20 ± 0.7 mm), and Escherichia coli (18 ± 0.8 mm), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 ± 0.6 mm), Candida albicans (14 ± 0.9 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (13 ± 0.8 mm), with MIC values 128, 128, 128, 256 and 256 µg/mL respectively. The methanolic extract of A. absinthium showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) cytotoxicity against the A549 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 36.8 µg/mL. The present study's findings give strong evidence for using the methanolic leaf extract of A. absinthium as an effective ethnomedicinal agent and a possible candidate for treating various human diseases and a potent bioactive agent in anticancer medications.

Larvicidal activity of Artemisia absinthium extracts with special reference to inhibition of detoxifying enzymes in larvae of Aedes aegypti L

Insect-borne diseases continue to be a major source of sickness and death worldwide. Resistance to chemical pesticides and their risks have been regarded as a setback in mosquito vector control. Due to the presence of various phytocompounds in plant species, botanicals can manage and prevent vector (insect) transmitted illnesses by killing insect eggs and larvae. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity ofArtemisia absinthiumextracts (methanolic and ethanolic) against Aedes aegypti larvae (vector of arboviruses). Larval mortality was recorded after 24 h of exposure. Our findings showed that the ethanolic leaf extract ofArtemisia absinthiumhas higher larvicidal activity (92 ± 1.99 percent at 1000 ppm) than the methanolic extract (68 ± 1.99 percent at 1000 ppm). Furthermore, the ethanolic extract inhibited the activity of detoxifying enzymes acetylcholinesterase, α and β-carboxylesterases activity significantly. Besides, the protein level was also lowered upon exposure of ethanolic extract for 24 h against 4th instar larvae at an LC50 of 694.3 ppm. These findings clearly show that the Artemisia absinthium active extract (ethanolic) can be utilized as a pest and vector control option, helping to prevent the spread of infectious illnesses.

Artemisia absinthium L. Aqueous and Ethyl Acetate Extracts: Antioxidant Effect and Potential Activity In Vitro and In Vivo against Pancreatic α-Amylase and Intestinal α-Glucosidase.

Artemisia absinthium L. is one of the plants which has been used in folk medicine for many diseases over many centuries. This study aims to analyze the chemical composition of the Artemisia absinthium ethyl acetate and its aqueous extracts and to evaluate their effect on the pancreatic α-amylase enzyme and the intestinal α-glucosidase enzyme. In this study, the total contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in ethyl acetate and the aqueous extracts of Artemisia absinthium leaves were determined by using spectrophotometric techniques, then the antioxidant capacity of these extracts was examined using three methods, namely, the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method, the iron reduction method FRAP, and the β-carotene bleaching method. The determination of the chemical composition of the extracts was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography—the photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). These extracts were also evaluated for their ability to inhibit the activity of the pancreatic α-amylase enzyme, as well as the intestinal α-glucosidase enzyme, in vitro and in vivo, thus causing the reduction of blood glucose. The results of this study showed that high polyphenol and flavonoid contents were obtained in ethyl acetate extract with values of 60.34 ± 0.43 mg GAE/g and 25.842 ± 0.241 mg QE/g, respectively, compared to the aqueous extract. The results indicated that the aqueous extract had a higher condensed tannin content (3.070 ± 0.022 mg EC/g) than the ethyl acetate extract (0.987 ± 0.078 mg EC/g). Ethyl acetate extract showed good DPPH radical scavenging and iron reduction FRAP activity, with an IC50 of 0.167 ± 0.004 mg/mL and 0.923 ± 0.0283 mg/mL, respectively. The β-carotene test indicated that the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts were able to delay the decoloration of β-carotene with an inhibition of 48.7% and 48.3%, respectively, which may mean that the extracts have antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of naringenin and caffeic acid as major products in AQE and EAE, respectively. Indeed, this study showed that the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts significantly inhibited the pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase, in vitro. To confirm this result, the inhibitory effect of these plant extracts on the enzymes has been evaluated in vivo. Oral intake of the aqueous extract significantly attenuated starch- and sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in normal rats, and evidently, in STZ-diabetic rats as well. The ethyl acetate extract had no inhibitory activity against the intestinal α-glucosidase enzyme in vivo. The antioxidant and the enzyme inhibitory effects may be related to the presence of naringenin and caffeic acid or their synergistic effect with the other compounds in the extracts.