Arrow Diagrams Research Articles

Gauss diagram formulae for Vassiliev invariants from Kauffman polynomial

A state model for Kauffman polynomial of Dubrovnik-version is described using Gauss diagrams. Based on the state model, the Gauss diagram formulae for Vassiliev invariants are given from the coefficients of Kauffman polynomial following the method of Chmutov and Polyak. Some arrow diagram identities are given to simplify the Gauss diagram formulae of order 3, which give Polyak–Viro and Chmutov–Polyak formulae for the Vassiliev invariant of order 3. The models of Kauffman polynomial and HOMFLY-PT polynomial give different Gauss diagram expressions when specializing in Jones polynomial.

The ice model on the three-dimensional Hanoi graph

We study the ice model (with Boltzmann factors equal to one) on the 3D Hanoi graph H(n) at stage n. We derive recursive equations for functions that provide the number of configurations for each type of restricted arrow diagram. The total number of configurations I(n) can be computed exactly using these functions. The entropy per site in the thermodynamic limit is for H(n). This is comparable to the entropy per site for the square lattice (Lieb 1967 Phys. Rev. Lett. 18 692–4 and Lieb E H 1967 Phys. Rev. 162 162–72).

ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK GIBOULT MENGGUNAKAN METODE NEW SEVEN TOOLS DI PT ANEKA ADHILOGAM KARYA

ABSTRACT
 
 PT Aneka Adhilogam Karya is a company located on Jl. header Batur Jaya, Batur, Tegalrejo, Kec. Ceper, Kab. Klaten, Central Java 57465. The company is a metal casting industry manufacturing/manufacturing, specifically a manufacturer of pipe connection equipment for drinking water/pressurized similar fluids and a manufacturer of drainage system components. One of them is the Gibol product, the problem with this company is that there are still a large number of defective and rejected products during the production process. Based on data obtained from PT Aneka Adhilogam Karya, it shows that there are many product defects that occur, to be precise in 2022 with a total number of repairs of 121 defective products, namely in the kropos category, total defects 20, percentage of defects 16.53%, continuous total defects 34, percentage of total defects. defect 28.10%, incomplete defect 41 percentage of total defects 33.90%, total defect table 26 percentage of total defects 21.50%. With product defects that occur, quality control is needed, namely by using the New Seven Tools method. By using 7 (Seven) data processing steps including Affinity Diagrams, Ship Relationship Diagrams, Tree Diagrams, Matrix Diagrams, Matrix Data Analysis, Arrow Diagrams, and Process Decision Program Charts. Get some problems, namely in the category of human factors the operator does not work according to the SOP, the operator is negligent, lack of communication. The method categories are mold pattern design, metal material composition, smelting process, pouring process, inlet and riser channel arrangement. The environmental categories are flying dust, the noisy work area reaches 98 dB with a noise standard of 85 dB, the hot work area reaches 31°C - 35°C. The engine category is the occurrence of problems with the smelting machine, lack of machine maintenance. By doing data processing to get control results, namely by setting up machines, improving the performance of human resources and methods, improving the environment, maintaining machines, replacing tools with new ones, conducting operator training, adding blowers.
 Keryword: Product Defects, Gibol, Quality, New Seven Tools

The use and application of the 7 new quality control tools in the manufacturing sector: a global study

PurposeThe main objective of this study is to investigate the 7 new quality control or the 7 new management tools and their use in manufacturing organisations. This research investigates the understanding, knowledge of the tools and the level of application of the tools within the manufacturing sector. In addition, this paper aims to identify the benefits, challenges and critical success factors (CSFs) for the application of the 7 new quality control (QC) tools.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey instrument was developed, and data collection was performed utilising a stratified random sampling strategy. The primary strata/clusters were formed by quality professionals working in all aspects of manufacturing organisations and functions. A total of 86 participants from different countries responded to the survey.FindingsThe main finding of this study is that 10% of participants within the manufacturing sector perceived that the 7 new QC tools could solve above 80% of organisational problems. Another relevant finding presented in this paper is that tree diagrams were the most utilised of the 7 new QC tools within the manufacturing sector. The least utilised tools are arrow diagrams. The common benefits of using 7 new QC tools in the manufacturing sector are helping people define, measure and analyse the problem areas or even prioritises them and providing some form of structure to the problem-solving efforts. This paper also revealed that the 7 new QC tools were most used in the manufacturing area but least utilised in the new products and research and development (R&D) functions. This work also presents a list of CSFs and challenges required to properly apply the 7 new QC tools in the manufacturing sector.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was just carried out in manufacturing organisations. It would be interesting to try and expand to services sectors and compare use within the services sector.Originality/valueAuthors understand that this is the very first empirical study analysing the use and understanding of the 7 new QC or management tools within the manufacturing sector. The results of this study represent an important first step towards a complete understanding of the applicability of these tools in continuous improvement programs on a global scale and the context in which they can be utilized.

Multi-objective integrated optimization study of prefabricated building projects introducing sustainable levels

As construction becomes greener, people have higher and higher requirements for engineering project management, which makes it necessary to deeply study the comprehensive optimization of schedule, cost and sustainability level. Adhering to the concept of low carbon and green, the article takes carbon emission factor into the total cost of building construction and improves the traditional cost objective of engineering projects; then quantitatively analyzes the economic, environmental and social impacts of assembled buildings from the perspective of sustainability, and introduces the sustainability objective into the traditional duration-cost problem study, taking the duration of each job in the double code arrow diagram as the independent variable to construct the duration -cost-sustainability level multi-objective optimization model. In order to solve the type effectively, a series of Pareto optimal solutions are obtained using the NSGA-II algorithm, and the efficacy coefficient method is used for program decision making. The results show that the Pareto solution set can provide effective support for the project manager’s decision making, and the NSGA-II algorithm is effective in solving the multi-objective optimization model.

A topological characterisation of the Kashiwara–Vergne groups

In [Math. Ann. 367 (2017), pp. 1517–1586] Bar-Natan and the first author show that solutions to the Kashiwara–Vergne equations are in bijection with certain knot invariants: homomorphic expansions of welded foams. Welded foams are a class of knotted tubes in R 4 \mathbb {R}^4 , which can be finitely presented algebraically as a circuit algebra, or equivalently, a wheeled prop. In this paper we describe the Kashiwara-Vergne groups K V \mathsf {KV} and K R V \mathsf {KRV} —the symmetry groups of Kashiwara-Vergne solutions—as automorphisms of the completed circuit algebras of welded foams, and their associated graded circuit algebras of arrow diagrams, respectively. Finally, we provide a description of the graded Grothendieck-Teichmüller group G R T 1 \mathsf {GRT}_1 as automorphisms of arrow diagrams.

Research on Software Project Schedule Planning Technology Based on the Integration of PERT and CPM

Make a feasible schedule planning for software project, is the foundation to carry out an orderly software project activity, is the key to success of the project. To solve the difficulties of schedule planning, this article studies the science technology and methods, including four aspects: First, using network chart to show the dependencies between activities, including Precedence Diagram Method and Arrow Diagram Method; Second, Program Evaluation and Review Technique is used to evaluate the time of the project activity; Third, the critical path method of determining the project total duration, including deduce from calculation formula of active time and determine the critical path; Fourth, duration compression method based on progress compression factor method. According to the situation of many technologies and methods, studied the main factors considered by selecting techniques and methods. Results show that using scientific technology and method to make the schedule planning, will reduce the workload of planning, improve the accuracy of the plan and have high practical value.

PT.X adalah perusahaan cat ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK EMBER CAT TEMBOK 5KG MENGGUNAKAN METODE NEW SEVEN TOOLS (Studi Kasus: PT. X)

PT.X is a manufacturing company whose one product is Gallon Paint bucket 5kg. The problems faced by this company are factors that cause production defects, it is necessary to improve the quality of 5kg paint gallons. the flow of stages in the research using the New Seven Tools method with the stages, namely affinity diagrams, Affinity Diagrams, Relationship Diagrams, Tree diagrams, Matrix Diagrams, Data Analysis Matrix, Arrow Diagrams, Process Decision Program Charts. With the results of this study, it is known that the factors of the occurrence of production defects are the human factor The condition of the operator is sick, the operator is in a hurry, the lack of understanding of the production machine. Material factors Inappropriate mixing of raw materials. Machine Factors Short Machine Maintenance Time, Number of Machines That Are Not Operating, Lack of Spare Parts To Do Maintenance. Factors SOP method of Quality Standards that are not written in the production section. Environmental factors Hot Working Environment Temperature, Long Distance Between Production, Noisy Work Environment. The suggestion given to reduce this production defect is to give sick leave for 3 days. Adding operators to the Inject Molding machine at least 2. Providing training on the operation of the machine to each operator. Preparation of appropriate raw material mixture formulas. Placing unused machines in 1 warehouse room. Making regular and strict maintenance schedule for machine maintenance. Stocking spare parts in the Workshop room Providing understanding of product defect SOPs. Providing a fan in the room and increasing air ventilation. Updated the production line layout. Place the machine in a soundproof room and wear earplugs.

Multistability of Reaction Networks with One-Dimensional Stoichiometric Subspaces

We study the multistationarity for the reaction networks with one-dimensional stoichiometric subspaces, and we focus on the networks admitting finitely many positive steady states. We prove that if a network admits multistationarity, then network has an embedded one-species network with arrow diagram (->, ). The inverse is also true if there exist two reactions in the network such that the subnetwork consisting of the two reactions admits at least one and finitely many positive steady states. We also prove that if a network admits at least three positive steady states, then it contains at least three bi-arrow diagrams. More than that, we completely characterize the bi-reaction networks that admit at least three positive steady states.

Analysis of Customer Satisfaction with the Quality of Energy Market Services in Poland

Environmental protection, sustainable development, quality, and value have become the goals of societal development in the twenty-first century. As the core of environmental protection, the new energy sector has become a widespread trend. In this article, we will look at how well and how satisfied customers are with the energy market’s service. A literature review of energy sector quality and value issues was conducted. The survey was conducted in 2021 in Poland with over 2404 respondents by the CAWI survey. Additionally, it was given a qualitative analysis. In the next step, we applied selected quality management methods and tools. The results of the study clearly show that the respondents expect energy companies to become more involved in building customer–enterprise relationships. Research shows that employees of energy companies should be trained more often in the field of customer service, especially in terms of an individual approach to the customer, which has value for the customer. The authors propose ways to build an arrow diagram to increase customer satisfaction levels. A model of elements determining quality as well as value for clients in the energy market was built.

Goussarov–Polyak–Viro conjecture for degree three case

Although it is known that the dimension of the Vassiliev invariants of degree three of long virtual knots is seven, the complete list of seven distinct Gauss diagram formulas has been unknown explicitly, where only one known formula was revised without proof. In this paper, we give seven Gauss diagram formulas to present the seven invariants of the degree three (Proposition 4). We further give [Formula: see text] Gauss diagram formulas of classical knots (Proposition 5). In particular, the Polyak–Viro Gauss diagram formula [M. Polyak and O. Viro, Gauss diagram formulas for Vassiliev invariants, Int. Math. Res. Not. 1994 (1994) 445–453] is not a long virtual knot invariant; however, it is included in the list of [Formula: see text] formulas. It has been unknown whether this formula would be available by arrow diagram calculus automatically. In consequence, as it relates to the conjecture of Goussarov-Polyak-Viro [Finite-type invariants of classical and virtual knots, Topology 39 (2000) 1045–1068, Conjecture 3.C], for all the degree three finite type long virtual knot invariants, each Gauss diagram formula is represented as those of Vassiliev invariants of classical knots (Theorem 1).

Analisis Miskonsepsi Siswa SMP pada Materi Relasi dan Fungsi Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif FI Dan FD

Misconception occurs when a person's conception of material differs from the conception stated by experts in the field. The misconceptions are related to the cognitive style of students. The purpose of this study was to describe the misconceptions experienced by students with Field-Independent (FI) and Field-Dependent (FD) cognitive styles on the topics of relations and functions. This type of research was qualitative research. The research subjects are students of class VIII-I SMPN 1 Jogoroto. Data collection techniques were tests and interviews. The results showed that the misconceptions of FI students were the concept of function, the concept of function in the arrow diagram, and the concept of function graphs and non-function graphs. The misconceptions experienced by FD students were the concept of function, the concept of function in the arrow diagram, the concept of codomain and range, the concepts of function graphs and non-function graphs.

Students’ misconception and errors in solving relations and functions problems

The objectives of this present research are as follows: 1) to analyze students' errors in solving the relations and functions problems, and 2) to describe students' misconceptions of the relations and functions materials. A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted. The data source was 23 students of the grade VIII-A MTs Muhammadiyah Malang Indonesia. The data investigated were the students’ errors and misconceptions of the Relations and Functions materials. In this research, the subjects were determined using a purposive technique where 6 students were chosen. They were divided into three categories, namely students with high, low, and low abilities, where each category consists of two students. Two techniques of data collection were employed: 1) administration of written tests to students; and 2) interviews. The technique used in the data analysis was Miles and Huberman’s model analysis. The research results showed that: 1) the subjects with high ability less properly stated a relation or a function in the form of an arrow diagram and demonstrated some misconceptions in giving examples of functions and non-function; 2) the subjects with low ability less accurately proved a relation and a function in the form of an arrow diagram, did not state the form of a sequential pair and showed technical and principal errors. And 3) subjects with low ability had all types of errors.

Arrow diagrams on spherical curves and computations

We give a definition of an integer-valued function [Formula: see text] derived from arrow diagrams for the ambient isotopy classes of oriented spherical curves. Then, we introduce certain elements of the free [Formula: see text]-module generated by the arrow diagrams with at most [Formula: see text] arrows, called relators of Type ([Formula: see text]) (([Formula: see text]), ([Formula: see text]), ([Formula: see text]) or ([Formula: see text]), respectively), and introduce another function [Formula: see text] to obtain [Formula: see text]. One of the main results shows that if [Formula: see text] vanishes on finitely many relators of Type ([Formula: see text]) (([Formula: see text]), ([Formula: see text]), ([Formula: see text]) or ([Formula: see text]), respectively), then [Formula: see text] is invariant under the deformation of type RI (strong RI[Formula: see text]I, weak RI[Formula: see text]I, strong RI[Formula: see text]I[Formula: see text]I or weak RI[Formula: see text]I[Formula: see text]I, respectively). The other main result is that we obtain new functions of arrow diagrams with up to six arrows explicitly. This computation is done with the aid of computers.

ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL RELASI DAN FUNGSI DI KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 4 BALAI JAYA

The concept of relations and functions in the school mathematics curriculum was first accepted by students in grade VIII. In evaluating students' understanding of the concept of relations and function material, there are mistakes made by students. Errors that occur can be in the form of misconceptions, principles, and operating errors. This study aims to describe the types of errors in solving the material relations and functions of the VIII grade students of SMP Negeri 4 Balai Jaya in the odd semester of the 2020/2021 school year. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative research, with the test as a data collection instrument. The subjects in this study were 27 students of class VIIIA. The results showed that on average 60% of students made misconceptions, 51% of students made mistakes in principle and 63% of students made operational errors. Students have not been able to present relations correctly using arrow diagrams, Cartesian diagrams and consecutive sets of pairs. Students also still have difficulty distinguishing relations and functions. In the matter of functions, the use of steps in manipulating algebraic calculations carried out by students is not quite right.

Ribbon 2–knots, 1 + 1 = 2 and Duflo’s theorem for arbitrary Lie algebras

We explain a direct topological proof for the multiplicativity of Duflo isomorphism for arbitrary finite dimensional Lie algebras, and derive the explicit formula for the Duflo map. The proof follows a series of implications, starting with "the calculation 1+1=2 on a 4D abacus", using the study of homomorphic expansions (aka universal finite type invariants) for ribbon 2-knots, and the relationship between the corresponding associated graded space of arrow diagrams and universal enveloping algebras. This complements the results of the first author, Le and Thurston, where similar arguments using a "3D abacus" and the Kontsevich Integral were used to derive Duflo's theorem for metrized Lie algebras; and results of the first two authors on finite type invariants of w-knotted objects, which also imply a relation of 2-knots with Duflo's theorem in full generality, though via a lengthier path.

On Some Moves on Links and the Hopf Crossing Number

We consider arrow diagrams of links in S^3 and define k-moves on such diagrams, for any kin mathbb {N}. We study the equivalence classes of links in S^3 up to k-moves. For k=2, we show that any two knots are equivalent, whereas it is not true for links. We show that the Jones polynomial at a k-th primitive root of unity is unchanged by a k-move, when k is odd. It is multiplied by -1, when k is even. It follows that, for any kge 5, there are infinitely many classes of knots modulo k-moves. We use these results to study the Hopf crossing number. In particular, we show that it is unbounded for some families of knots. We also interpret k-moves as some identifications between links in different lens spaces L_{p,1}.

Production quality control with new seven tools for defect minimization on PT. Dirgantara Indonesia

PT. Dirgantara Indonesia has a high production complexity by producing components for aircraft and aerospace products. The company report from 2016 until 2018 noted that the higher the number of defective products is delayed delivery to the main contractor. this is very detrimental to the company because in addition to getting fined also has to pay shipping costs. To analyze the problem, Seven New Tools are used. Affinity diagrams classify the problems causing defective products can be grouped into six groups. Interrelationship Diagram find out that ‘Not strictly monitored’ is the main factor. Tree diagrams designate three objectives to be achieved items, namely facing the reward and penalty system, conducting monitoring, and emphasizing on the process and results according to quality standards. The Priority Box determines several needs, namely giving a penalty for the operator, using the checklist in the production, and making a monitoring schedule. The Matrix Diagrams choosing the most important is Training Time and creating a monitoring schedule. Chart of Decision Making Process Programs provides solutions for problems that occur in the field, which are simultaneously monitoring, giving a good understanding of the process, and leadership function. The arrow diagrams provide a critical path for making a monitoring schedule.

SKETRACK: Stroke-Based Recognition of Online Hand-Drawn Sketches of Arrow-Connected Diagrams and Digital Logic Circuit Diagrams

Digitalization of handwritten documents has created a greater need for accurate online recognition of hand-drawn sketches. However, the online recognition of hand-drawn diagrams is an enduring challenge in human-computer interaction due to the complexity in extracting and recognizing the visual objects reliably from a continuous stroke stream. This paper focuses on the design and development of a new, efficient stroke-based online hand-drawn sketch recognition scheme named SKETRACK for hand-drawn arrow diagrams and digital logic circuit diagrams. The fundamental parts of this model are text separation, symbol segmentation, feature extraction, classification, and structural analysis. The proposed scheme utilizes the concepts of normalization and segmentation to isolate the text from the sketches. Then, the features are extracted to model different structural variations of the strokes that are categorized into the arrows/lines and the symbols for effective processing. The strokes are clustered using the spectral clustering algorithm based on p-distance and Euclidean distance to compute the similarity between the features and minimize the feature dimensionality by grouping similar features. Then, the symbol recognition is performed using modified support vector machine (MSVM) classifier in which a hybrid kernel function with a lion optimized tuning parameter of SVM is utilized. Structural analysis is performed with lion-based task optimization for recognizing the symbol candidates to form the final diagram representations. This proposed recognition model is suitable for simpler structures such as flowcharts, finite automata, and the logic circuit diagrams. Through the experiments, the performance of the proposed SKETRACK scheme is evaluated on three domains of databases and the results are compared with the state-of-the-art methods to validate its superior efficiency.

Research on visual analysis technology and application of urban road data

Many cities use the current wealth of multi-source data to create intelligent transportation systems, which visually process road data so that traffic consumers and traffic managers can better understand urban traffic conditions. Due to the heterogeneity, complexity and mass of these data, it is not easy to conduct effective analysis on them, and it is often necessary to integrate human perception in the analysis process, so as to cause extensive application of visualization. In this paper, we first briefly introduce the pre-processing of urban trajectory data, then systematically analyze the visualization of two data types of road traffic flow and traffic events, and finally briefly summarize the research trend of traffic visualization in recent years and put forward corresponding challenges. The results show that the early research focused on the visualization of road flow, including the main arrow diagram, Mosaic diagram, track wall, etc. With the deepening of visual analysis, the analysis of traffic flow increases to the analysis of traffic events. In recent years, there has been a new trend of mining and utilizing the attributes or semantics of traffic trajectories or traffic events. The research on traffic data visualization has been greatly expanded in breadth and depth.