Arrangement Of Paths Research Articles

Electrical design problems and improvement countermeasures of transmission lines under the background of big data and artificial intelligence

This paper studies the feasibility of intelligent power design mode, and proves that the intelligent power design mode has significant advantages over the traditional mode by using the method of comparative study. Comparative studies are more distinctive in the breadth and depth of content. With the further acceleration of the urbanization process and the popularization of electronic equipment, people’s demand for electricity is gradually increasing. The overall operation of the transmission line is actually highly related to the design mode of the line. The quality of electrical design will be closely related to people’s electricity consumption. The stability of the electrical design is directly linked to the sustainability, and it will also be linked to the reputation of the power design company and the safety of public life. The use of a variety of new technologies in the electrical design process to guide the design scheme and identify design problems as soon as possible is the latest trend in the electrical design of current transmission lines. In the context of the rapid development of data science, the functions of comprehensive sorting and providing suggestions provided by big data technology have become the mainstream choice for solving problems in various industries. At present, big data technology has begun to be associated with the power industry, and big data technology has been applied to transmission lines. Electrical design can also solve various dilemmas that exist in current design. Artificial intelligence technology enables computers to have the ability to think like ordinary people through algorithms and training data. Applying artificial intelligence technology to electrical design of transmission lines can make scheme design more intelligent. In order to analyze the current status of electrical design of transmission lines, this paper conducts a questionnaire survey on professionals and practitioners of electrical design of transmission lines. Through a detailed analysis of the questionnaire data, it is found that the electrical design of current transmission lines mainly includes unreasonable line path arrangement, line support towers unreasonable models and insufficient consideration in safety protection design, and combined with big data and artificial intelligence technology, the intelligent arrangement of line paths, tower-shaped intelligent matching and intelligent safety protection strategies are designed. The respondents of the questionnaire conducted a second survey and found that the efficiency, cost, intelligence, sustainability and safety of the electrical design of transmission lines were improved after combining big data and artificial intelligence technology. The intelligent circuit design scheme constructed by big data and artificial intelligence technology can improve the quality of circuit transportation, solve the problems of unreasonable route layout, unreasonable line support tower type and insufficient consideration of safety protection design. Intelligent circuit design scheme compared to the traditional circuit design scheme in the design efficiency, cost, sustainability is significantly improved.

Effects of different exercise types on outdoor thermal comfort in a severe cold city

The promotion of China's National Fitness Program has caused an upsurge in the construction of outdoor sports venues and sparked an interest in research on the thermal comfort of people exercising outside. The design of exercise facilities and parks is usually function-oriented, and the spatial layout and arrangement of exercise paths are based on the exercise type. However, few studies compared the thermal comfort of different exercise types. This study investigated seasonal differences in thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and other influencing factors among people who engaged in various types of exercise in a severe cold city in China. The results showed significant differences in thermal comfort among the different exercise types. The acceptable thermal range of exercising people is greater than that of the resting ones. In the cold season, the thermal comfort of different exercise types had a significant correlation with thermal sensation, but not with humidity and wind sensations. On the other hand, the thermal comfort of jogging respondents was more affected by humidity, wind, and sun sensations during the hot season. The modified UTCI range of thermal stress category was proposed as a design reference for the thermal environment of outdoor exercise venues. Overall, this study can help enrich and guide outdoor thermal comfort research in severe cold regions and aid the design of urban exercise spaces.

Hydro-mechanical continuum modelling of fluid percolation through rock salt

Salt caverns for storing renewably produced hydrogen underground pose a promising option to reduce CO2 emissions by improving the utilization of volatile renewable energy sources. Rock salt limits the infiltration of hydrogen into the storage cavern walls due to its favourable low permeability. However, pressure-driven percolation may create discrete pathways for the fluid and damage the cavern. Depicting this effect accurately in simulations may be crucial for assessing the long-term stability and integrity adequately. By introducing an extension to a deformation-dependent permeability model by Alonso, Olivella and Arnedo (2006) we can capture the non-linear feedback between salt deformation, permeability development and fluid migration using continuum models. Based on a quasi-isotropic arrangement of potential flow paths the model is able to reproduce pressure-driven percolation of hydrofrac experiments on rock salt specimens in terms of breakthrough pressure as well as preferential path orientation and locality. The model is implemented in the scientific open-source framework OpenGeoSys.

Monolithic integration of nanorod arrays on microfluidic chips for fast and sensitive one-step immunoassays

Here, we present integrated nanorod arrays on microfluidic chips for fast and sensitive flow-through immunoassays of physiologically relevant macromolecules. Dense arrays of Au nanorods are easily fabricated through one-step oblique angle deposition, which eliminates the requirement of advanced lithography methods. We report the utility of this plasmonic structure to improve the detection limit of the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) assay by over 6 × 105-fold, reaching down to 33.9 fg mL−1 (~1.4 fM), compared with an identical assay on glass substrates. Through monolithic integration with microfluidic elements, the device enables a flow-through assay for quantitative detection of cTnI in the serum with a detection sensitivity of 6.9 pg mL−1 (~0.3 pM) in <6 min, which was 4000 times lower than conventional glass devices. This ultrasensitive detection arises from the large surface area for antibody conjugation and metal-enhanced fluorescent signals through plasmonic nanostructures. Moreover, due to the parallel arrangement of flow paths, simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers, including prostate-specific antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen, has been fulfilled with increased signal-to-background ratios. Given the high performance of this assay, together with its simple fabrication process that is compatible with standard mass manufacturing techniques, we expect that the prepared integrated nanorod device can bring on-site point-of-care diagnosis closer to reality.

Enhancement of the accuracy of ultrasonic flowmeters by applying the PCA algorithm in predicting flow patterns

In the current study, a novel arrangement of acoustic paths with an on-off technique upon ultrasonic waves is proposed to enhance the accuracy and reduce the frequency of calibration of the ultrasonic flowmeter (USFM). In addition, a web of chord probes on the velocity profile with a novel rotating method is also proposed. Twenty velocity profiles, including 19 selected Salami asymmetric velocity profiles and a centrosymmetric developed velocity profile, are combined with the proposed chord-probe mesh to build a novel velocity database. The built database includes 2241 900 sets of 12 mean velocities, ranging from 0.1 m s−1 to 25 m s−1. Furthermore, the principal component analysis algorithm is employed and trained by the developed database to predict the flow patterns in a practically flowing measurement. The predictive ability of the developed algorithm is examined in 10 different scenarios. In all cases in this study, it is found that the proposed USFM can not only measure the volumetric flow rate of the asymmetric flows with extremely high accuracy, but can also eliminate the influences of flow regimes and the effects of the installed location.

Penataan Trotoar Jalan Sisingamaraja - Jalan Panglima Polim Jakarta Selatan DKI Jakarta DKI Jakarta

The arrangement of pedestrian paths on Jalan Sisingamangaraja-Jalan Panglima Polim in South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta aims to improve the quality of pedestrian infrastructure and support safer and more comfortable movement. This study examines the existing condition of the sidewalk, identifies existing problems, and formulates a comprehensive and sustainable design solution. The planning approach used involves an analysis of sidewalk width, materials used, support facilities, as well as aspects of safety and accessibility for all users including the disabled. This arrangement plan also considers environmental aesthetics and integration with the surrounding public space. The implementation of this sidewalk arrangement is expected to reduce congestion, improve pedestrian safety, and encourage more people to walk, thus contributing to improving air quality and public health. The conclusion of this study shows that good sidewalk planning not only has a positive effect on mobility, but also on the quality of life of South Jakarta residents as a whole.

PUSAT MODE DI KOTA PONTIANAK DENGAN KONSEP CITY WALK

The people of West Kalimantan Province have a great interest in fashion. This can be seen from the many facilities available to meet the needs of fashion and the emergence of young designers in the fashion sector, especially in Pontianak City. This of course must be balanced with education about the basics of fashion design knowledge and techniques in order to produce higher quality designers, and supported by marketing and promotion facilities to develop the creativity of fashion actors. The Fashion Center is an alternative to making all fashion activities carried out in one location, related to commercial activities, promotion, education and production to accommodate a place for fashion actors to work as well as interesting creations for visitors, especially in the Pontianak City area. The design process of the Fashion Center uses the J.C. Jones, who starts with an idea that is equipped with information, is then analyzed to produce concepts that match the initial idea and then evaluated. The concept in the design is semi-outdoor with interconnected spatial arrangement and placement of circulation paths. Provision of green open space around the circulation path.

Measurement-based meshing, basis selection, and prior assignment in chemical species tomography.

Gas distributions imaged by chemical species tomography (CST) vary in quality due to the discretization scheme, arrangement of optical paths, errors in the measurement model, and prior information included in reconstruction. There is currently no mathematically-rigorous framework for comparing the finite bases available to discretize a CST domain. Following from the Bayesian formulation of tomographic inversion, we show that Bayesian model selection can identify the mesh density, mode of interpolation, and prior information best-suited to reconstruct a set of measurement data. We validate this procedure with a simulated CST experiment, and generate accurate reconstructions despite limited measurement information. The flow field is represented using the finite element method, and Bayesian model selection is used to choose between three forms of polynomial support for a range of mesh resolutions, as well as four priors. We show that the model likelihood of Bayesian model selection is a good predictor of reconstruction accuracy.

Codification of scan path parameters and development of perimeter scan strategies for 3D bowl-shaped laser forming

In the 3D laser forming process, developing an appropriate laser scan pattern for producing specimens with high quality and uniformity is critical. This study presents certain principles for developing scan paths. Seven scan path parameters are considered, including: (1) combined linear or curved path; (2) type of combined linear path; (3) order of scan sequences; (4) the position of the start point in each scan; (5) continuous or discontinuous scan path; (6) direction of scan path; and (7) angular arrangement of combined linear scan paths. Regarding these path parameters, ten combined linear scan patterns are presented. Numerical simulations show continuous hexagonal, scan pattern, scanning from outer to inner path, is the optimized. In addition, it is observed the position of the start point and the angular arrangement of scan paths is the most effective path parameters. Also, further experimentations show four sequences due to creat symmetric condition enhance the height of the bowl-shaped products and uniformity. Finally, the optimized hexagonal pattern was compared with the similar circular one. In the hexagonal scan path, distortion value and standard deviation rather to edge height of formed specimen is very low, and the edge height despite of decreasing length of scan path increases significantly compared to the circular scan path. As a result, four-sequence hexagonal scan pattern is proposed as the optimized perimeter scan path to produce bowl-shaped product.

Optimal Design of Complex Switched-Capacitor Converters Via Energy-Flow-Path Analysis

Many analytical methods of establishing accurate models of the switched-capacitor (SC) converters have been developed. These methods are applicable to simple low-order SC converters and can permit only a general efficiency calculation of SC converters. They do not provide analytical solutions that describe how individual electrical component in the circuit practically affects the SC converter at different frequencies. Such an analysis is important for the optimal design and realization of a complex (high-order) SC converter. This is particularly true for those SC converters which have more than two operating states. For complex SC converters, a constituent capacitor may have a profound effect on the converter's efficiency and is dependent on the configuration of the switches and the arrangement of the energy flow paths. In this paper, the relationship of the value of capacitors and the efficiency of complex SC converters is derived and investigated using an energy-flow-path analysis. Optimal design of SC converters can be achieved through a systematic component value selection by: 1) increasing the proportion of energy flow through the most efficient paths; and 2) increasing the efficiency of the paths that have a higher energy flow. The design of complex SC converters in terms of optimizing their power efficiency is discussed using an exponential SC converter as an illustration. The results of both calculation and experimental measurement show that the approach is effective.

Peningkatan Kualitas Permukiman Dengan Pendekatan Disain pada Bantaran Sungai Mergan di Kelurahan Kebonsari, Malang

The development of housing and settlement was not only intended for physical development but rather must be linked to the social, economic and cultural dimensions that support people's lives in a sustainable way. The settlement must provide environmental facilities for its citizens that accommodate the five basic elements; nature, people, society, places, and networks. The object studied was Kebonsari Village located on the southern border between Malang City and Malang Regency. Kebonsari village has an interesting topography because it is passed by two rivers, namely Mergan River and Sukun River which is located in eastern Kebonsari. However, a number of problems are encountered in Kebonsari urban village, including the unclean condition of Mergan River, poor condition of public facilities supporting settlements, such as arid and unkempt footpaths and lack of common space for residents. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with observational participatory technique.The outline of this study was the design concept of Mergan riverbank arrangement which includes the arrangement of paths and common space for the citizens who can improve the quality of settlements in Kebonsari urban village

Peningkatan Kualitas Permukiman Dengan Pendekatan Disain pada Bantaran Sungai Mergan di Kelurahan Kebonsari, Malang

The development of housing and settlement was not only intended for physical development but rather must be linked to the social, economic and cultural dimensions that support people's lives in a sustainable way. The settlement must provide environmental facilities for its citizens that accommodate the five basic elements; nature, people, society, places, and networks. The object studied was Kebonsari Village located on the southern border between Malang City and Malang Regency. Kebonsari village has an interesting topography because it is passed by two rivers, namely Mergan River and Sukun River which is located in eastern Kebonsari. However, a number of problems are encountered in Kebonsari urban village, including the unclean condition of Mergan River, poor condition of public facilities supporting settlements, such as arid and unkempt footpaths and lack of common space for residents. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with observational participatory technique.The outline of this study was the design concept of Mergan riverbank arrangement which includes the arrangement of paths and common space for the citizens who can improve the quality of settlements in Kebonsari urban village

Geoekološko vrjednovanje reljefa otoka Pašmana

The geoecological evaluation of the relief of Pašman Island from the standpoint of its touristic evaluation was conducted on the previously conducted geomorphologic analysis of the island relief. The evaluation was conducted for the needs of specific types of touristic activities (swimming, sunbathing, walking, "škraping") in the sense of its physical favourability, aesthetic value and accessibility.The method of relative relief evaluation was applied, whereby relief was evaluated within four morphographic categories: slopes, peaks, valley bottoms and beds and the coast. According to this method, as the principal restricting factor of tourist evaluation of certain parts of Pašman Island is the problem of inaccessibility, especially on the steeper south-west façade of the island (remoteness, inexistence or lack of arranged paths and wharfs). In accordance therewith, several proposals as possible solutions to the present problem were given (arrangement of paths, informing tourists on possible individual or group walks to certain destinations, organising trips with professional guides).

Bayesian approach to the design of chemical species tomography experiments.

Reconstruction accuracy in chemical species tomography depends strongly on the arrangement of optical paths transecting the imaging domain. Optimizing the path arrangement requires a scheme that can predict the quality of a proposed arrangement prior to measurement. This paper presents a new Bayesian method for scoring path arrangements based on the estimated a posteriori covariance matrix. This technique focuses on defining an objective function that incorporates the same a priori information about the flow needed to carry out limited data tomography. Constrained and unconstrained path optimization studies verify the predictive capabilities of the objective function, and that superior reconstruction quality is obtained with optimized path arrangements.

CFD geometrical optimization to improve mixing performance of axial mixer

Although various axial static mixers have been proposed, their commercialization have been hindered by their high pressure drop characteristic and the limited operating conditions where a wide frequency range of input disturbances cannot be filtered. The static “Time-Difference-Type Mixer (TDM)” is a new practical axial mixer that effectively reduces the intermittent variation of the mixture concentration. In the present study, the TDM was modified to decrease the pressure drop and smoothen the outlet concentration profile. The geometry of the element tip was modified based on the results of CFD simulation that were successfully validated by the corresponding experiments, with the purpose of reducing the flow resistance. A decrease in the pressure drop of nearly 40% was thus achieved. The concentration profile at the outlet was also substantially smoothened using an arrangement of the branch paths of the mixer that reduced the differences among the arrival times of the mixture through increased upstream spacing of the branch paths. The performance of the TDM was sufficiently optimized to make it commercially viable.

Intra-layer closed-loop control of build plan during directed energy additive manufacturing of Ti–6Al–4V

The location, timing, and arrangement of depositions paths used to build an additively manufactured component – collectively called the build plan – are known to impact local thermal history, microstructure, thermal distortion, and mechanical properties. In this work, a novel system architecture for intra-layer, closed-loop control of the build plan is introduced and demonstrated for directed-energy deposition of Ti–6Al–4V. The control strategy altered the build plan in real time to ensure that the temperature around the start point of each hatch, prior to deposition, was below a threshold temperature of 415°C. Potential hatches with an initial temperature above this threshold were temporarily skipped. Compared with open-loop processing, closed-loop control resulted in vertical alignment of columnar prior-β grains, more uniform α-lath widths, and more-uniform microhardness values within the deposited component.

ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Cluster Excitations

AbstractReview: 354 refs.

A large-scale multipath playground for experimenters and early adopters

Multipath TCP is an experimental transport protocol with remarkable recent past and non-negligible future potential. However the lack of available large-scale testbeds and publicly accessible multiple paths grossly prohibits the adoption of the technology. Here, we demonstrate a large-scale multipath playground deployed on PlanetLab Europe, which can be used either by experimenters and researchers to test and verify their multipath-related ideas (e.g. enhancing congestion control, fairness or even the arrangement of multiple paths) and also by early adopters to enhance their Internet connection even if single-homed.

Magnetic cluster excitations

Magnetic clusters, i.e., assemblies of a finite number (between two or three and several hundred) of interacting spin centers which are magnetically decoupled from their environment, can be found in many materials ranging from inorganic compounds and magnetic molecules to artificial metal structures formed on surfaces and metalloproteins. Their magnetic excitation spectra are determined by the nature of the spin centers and of the magnetic interactions, and the particular arrangement of the mutual interaction paths between the spin centers. Small clusters of up to four magnetic ions are ideal model systems in which to examine the fundamental magnetic interactions, which are usually dominated by Heisenberg exchange, but often complemented by anisotropic and/or higher-order interactions. In large magnetic clusters, which may potentially deal with a dozen or more spin centers, there is the possibility of novel many-body quantum states and quantum phenomena. In this review the necessary theoretical concepts and experimental techniques to study the magnetic cluster excitations and the resulting characteristic magnetic properties are introduced, followed by examples of small clusters, demonstrating the enormous amount of detailed physical information that can be retrieved. The current understanding of the excitations and their physical interpretation in the molecular nanomagnets which represent large magnetic clusters is then presented, with a section devoted to the subclass of single-molecule magnets, distinguished by displaying quantum tunneling of the magnetization. Finally, there is a summary of some quantum many-body states which evolve in magnetic insulators characterized by built-in or field-induced magnetic clusters. The review concludes by addressing future perspectives in the field of magnetic cluster excitations.

Computer-assisted mesh generation based on hydrological response units for distributed hydrological modeling

Distributed hydrological models rely on a spatial discretization composed of homogeneous units representing different areas within the catchment. Hydrological Response Units (HRUs) typically form the basis of such a discretization. HRUs are generally obtained by intersecting raster or vector layers of land uses, soil types, geology and sub-catchments. Polylines maps representing ditches and river drainage networks can also be used. However this overlapping may result in a mesh with numerical and topological problems not highly representative of the terrain. Thus, a pre-processing is needed to improve the mesh in order to avoid negative effects on the performance of the hydrological model. This paper proposes computer-assisted mesh generation tools to obtain a more regular and physically meaningful mesh of HRUs suitable for hydrologic modeling. We combined existing tools with newly developed scripts implemented in GRASS GIS. The developed scripts address the following problems: (1) high heterogeneity in Digital Elevation Model derived properties within the HRUs, (2) correction of concave polygons or polygons with holes inside, (3) segmentation of very large polygons, and (4) bad estimations of units' perimeter and distances among them. The improvement process was applied and tested using two small catchments in France. The improvement of the spatial discretization was further assessed by comparing the representation and arrangement of overland flow paths in the original and improved meshes. Overall, a more realistic physical representation was obtained with the improved meshes, which should enhance the computation of surface and sub-surface flows in a hydrologic model.