Arrangement Of Grains Research Articles

Texture-Differentiated Grain Growth in Silicon Steel: Experiments and Modeling.

Grain growth for various texture components in silicon steel was investigated via experiments and modeling. It was found that the clustered spatial arrangement of grains with specific orientations significantly altered the local environment for grain growth and consequently resulted in texture-differentiated grain size distribution (GSD) evolution. A novel local-field model was proposed to describe grain growth driven by continuous changing orientation and size distribution of adjacent grains. The modelling results show that the texture-differentiated grain growth in microstructure with grain clusters can produce a GSD with increased proportion in small-sized range and large-sized range by more than two-times, accompanied with an evident change in area fractions of various texture components. The effect of clustered spatial arrangement on grain growth can be precisely predicted, which is valuable to design and control the texture-differentiated GSD as well as the global GSD.

Crystallographic disorder-order transition of self-assembly FeCo mesocrystals independent of ligand

Mesocrystal with aligned small grains is an important type of block in building high performance artificial bulk materials. But it is difficult to obtain mesocrystal particles without the assistant of surface ligands due to their unclear formation process. In this study, mesocrystal FeCo nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by co-precipitation of Fe and Co atoms using hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent with an appropriate addition rate. A non-classic nucleation process and the formation of mesocrystal FeCo nanoparticles had been observed. Microstructure characterization reveals that the arrangement of grains inside particles gradually change from multi-orientation to mono-orientation with the change of addition rate of hydrazine. The hydrazine addition rate, ie the reducing rate of metal atoms plays an important role for the formation of mesocrystal particles. The obtained mesocrystal FeCo particles show good magnetic performance (the highest magnetization and lowest coercivity). The discovery of the influence of synthesis conditions on the formation of mesocrystals provide a useful way to control the microstructure and the performance of consisting nanostructures.

Impact of (Sm, Sr) Co-Doping at Bi-Site on the Structural, Optical, Multiferroic and Dielectric Properties of Bismuth Ferrite Nanocomposites

A series of samarium (Sm) and strontium (Sr) co-doped BiFeO3 (BFO) and pure BiFeO3 (BFO) nanocomposites were synthesized by thesol-gel auto-combustion method. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the synthesized Sr:Sm BFO nanocomposites shows a rhombohedralperovskite structure. The morphological studies revealed that synthesized Sr:Sm BFO and pure BFO exhibit a regular arrangement ofgrains. The diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) exhibit the doping of Sr:Sm BFO reduces the optical band gap values of BFO from 2.02 eVto 1.69 eV. It was observed that the prepared Sr:Sm BFO and undoped BFO samples show G-type antiferromagnetic behaviour and thevalues of saturation magnetization (Ms) increased by increasing the Sr:Sm BFO doping concentrations at the A site of BFO lattice. Themagnitude of the dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (tan δ) were increased gradually with applied frequency and by increasingdoping concentration in the BFO matrix. The significant enhancement in the dielectric parameters with increasing Sm and Sr concentrations in BFO results in improved ferromagnetic properties that could be considered a promising candidate for some advanced device applications.

Effect of texture on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of silicon nitride ceramic

In this study investigated the texture, microstructure, and mechanical behavior of silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics were investigated using various techniques, including the orientation distribution function, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The orientation distribution of c-axis of the β-Si3N4 phase derived from the hot-press sintering method, where the considerable orientation arrangement of grains was perpendicular (SPE sample) and parallel (SPA sample) to the hot-pressed direction. XRD analysis showed that the SPA sample had stronger {0001}<10-10> and {0001}<2-1-10> textures than those of the SPE sample. For these reasons, the SPE sample exhibited a lower thermal conductivity of 54 W (m K)−1 than that of the SPA sample (91 W (m K)−1). The mechanical behavior of the Si3N4 ceramics was affected by the orientation arrangement of the grains. Analysis of the cracks on the surface of the Si3N4 ceramics at different indentation angles (0°, 22.5°, 45°, and 67.5°), revealed a rising tendency of fracture toughness in the Si3N4 ceramics, with values of 3.6 MPa m1/2, 4.1 MPa m1/2, 5.5 MPa m1/2 and 6.1 MPa m1/2, respectively. These results were attributed to the texture and close-packed hexagonal structure.

Structural and enhancement of electrical properties of BFO-LFO solid solution

To synthesizes the polycrystalline perovskite ceramic compounds (That is, (BiFeO3)1-x + (LaFeO3)x, having x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) (BFO-LFO), by using an elevated temperatures solid state reaction technique. Powder X-Ray diffraction (P-XRD) was employed for structural analysis to validate the creation of single phase materials and the phase structure of BFO-LFO changing from rhombohedral to tetragonal. The morphological characteristics of the surface of ceramic composite pellets were examined by using a scanning electron microscopy at the ambient temperature, which revealed a uniform arrangement of grains with very little porosity and varying sizes on the samples' surface. At various temperatures (25-500 °C), the frequency-temperature connection of dielectric and electric characteristics was studied utilizing dielectric and complex impedance spectroscopy. Both grains and grain boundaries have been demonstrated to have a substantial impact on the electrical sensitivity of the materials. All BFO-LFO samples exhibited a negative temperature coefficient of resistance.

Strengthening mechanisms of clay building materials by starch

Earth has a renewed interest in eco-friendly building materials. Starch is a promising additive, but its strengthening origin needs understanding to promote better solutions according to soil variability. This multiscale study examined natural clays and starches interactions. Clays and starches were evaluated based on mechanical and rheological properties. Kaolinite was found to be better reinforced by starches. At microscopic scale, starches modified the arrangement of grains and clays, but the role of botanical origin is unclear. At molecular scale, the ratio between amylose and amylopectin led the interactions with kaolinite. These results help to understand how bio-additives affect earth-based building materials.

The impact of 3D Raman imaging and HR-TEM analysis on the observed changes in the orientation of the crystallites in 3D flower-like nanostructured layers

The presented study aims to explain the formation phenomena of titanium dioxide flower_like forms on Ti foil. TiO2 nanoforms were obtained by chemical oxidation using H2O2 and further crystallization at 600 °C under an argon atmosphere. The morphology of layers is determined by reaction time. Understanding the factors that indicate the transition sequence and control the phase stability may provide insight into how the properties of titanium dioxide nanomaterials can be manipulated. A cross-sectional view of the samples reveals the complex arrangement of grains and their different shapes. HR-TEM and 3D Raman spectroscopy allowed to gain new insights into the structure formation. Observations of vibrational modes of anatase (101) and (001) surfaces allow quantitatively defining the percentage of facets exposition. Moreover, the spectra collected from different z-heights for the sample and the analysis of the integrated intensity ratio of Eg (144 cm−1) and A1g (514 cm−1) anatase bands show the grains' variable nature. The results present that the inner layer of the nanostructure is composed of more oriented crystallites, in contrast to the oxide/substrate interface and the sample surface. The model of the growth mechanism of a multilayered TiO2 scale formed on Ti has been proposed. Data availability statementThe raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.

Investigation of the Oriented Structure Characteristics of Shale Using Fractal and Structural Entropy Theory

Unconventional shale reservoirs and typical fine-grained rocks exhibit complicated, oriented features at various scales. Due to the complex geometry, combination and arrangement of grains, as well as the substantial heterogeneity of shale, it is challenging to analyze the oriented structures of shale accurately. In this study, we propose a model that combines both multifractal and structural entropy theory to determine the oriented structures of shale. First, we perform FE–SEM experiments to specify the microstructural characteristics of shale. Next, the shape, size and orientation parameters of the grains and pores are identified via image processing. Then fractal dimensions of grain flatness, grain alignment and pore orientation are calculated and substituted into the structural entropy equation to obtain the structure-oriented entropy model. Lastly, the proposed model is applied to study the orientation characteristic of the Yan-Chang #7 Shale Formation in Ordos Basin, China. A total of 1470 SEM images of 20 shale samples is analyzed to calculate the structure-oriented entropy (SOE) of Yan-Chang #7 Shale, whose values range from 0.78 to 0.96. The grains exhibit directional arrangement (SOE ≥ 0.85) but are randomly distributed (SOE &lt; 0.85). Calculations of samples with different compositions show that clay and organic matters are two major governing factors for the directivity of shale. The grain alignment pattern diagram analyses reveal three types of orientation structures: fusiform, spider-like and eggette-like. The proposed model can quantitatively evaluate the oriented structure of shale, which helps better understand the intrinsic characteristics of shale and thereby assists the successful exploitation of shale resources.

Oxygen vacancies induced anomalies in the structural, ferroelectric and magnetic behaviour of sol-gel derived LaCoO3 modified Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ceramics

The novel solid solutions of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) with LaCoO3 materials having general chemical composition (1–x) [Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3] + x [LaCoO3] with x = 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 (abbreviated as LCNBT5, LCNBT10 and LCNBT15) were fabricated by using the sol-gel technique. X-ray diffraction patterns reveals the existence of dopant LaCoO3 in the solid solution, causing host NBT materials to deform. Rietveld refinement of XRD data at room temperature revealed the presence of a cubic (Pm 3‾ m) and monoclinic phase (Cc). It is further found that the molar percent of the monoclinic phase increases from 82.73% to 92.87% to 100% respectively for LCNBT5, LCNBT10, and LCNBT15. The results of XRD data are cross-validated by Raman spectroscopy. The SEM micrographs indicates the dense microstructure and well-packed arrangement of grains. The XPS analysis provides a progressive shift in Co3+ to Co2+ and Ti4+ to Ti3+ ions for charge compensation indicating the presence of oxygen vacancies in the samples. These oxygen vacancies minimize with increase in LaCoO3 concentration. The XPS study also suggests that addition of Co leads to the development of oxygen vacancies, which are responsible for the weak ferroelectric and ferromagnetic behavior of the samples.

Kinetics of grain-boundary nucleated transformations in rectangular geometries and one paradox relating to Cahn's model

It was found by Jägle and Mittenmeijer [Acta Mater. 59 (2011) 5775-5786] as a result of computer simulation that Cahn's equation underestimates pronouncedly the transformed fraction in reality. To test the hypothesis that a strong correlation in the arrangement of grains in the Cahn model (they are “tied” to planes) can be responsible for this phenomenon, the paradox of packing is described: the structures composed of the same elements (random parallelepipeds) transforming in the same way, but packed differently, give different transformation rates. One of these structures is a special Cahn model – the grain structure of parallelepipeds formed by three sets of random parallel planes orthogonal to each other. An alternative structure consists of the same parallelepipeds, but randomly packed; it looks like a real grain structure. It is shown analytically that the kinetics of transformation in the first structure is considerably slowed down in comparison with that in the second. For the various intermediate structures under consideration, the kinetic curves are between these two, so that the following rule is established: the transformation kinetics is accelerated, when the correlation in the arrangement of the parallelepipeds weakens. Preliminarily, volume-fraction expressions are obtained for the systems of an infinite number of parallel planes arranged both regularly and randomly. As a special case of random arrangement, a non-Poissonian point process (the second-order Erlang process) of the arrangement of planes is considered for the first time. The exact volume-fraction expression obtained for this case shows that it cannot be derived by Cahn's method, i.e. the extended-volume approach is applicable only to Poisson processes. The volume fraction equations for regular planes are used to study cubic grain structures, both regular and random. It is shown that Cahn's equation underestimates the transformation kinetics in both regular and random structures with four different size distributions of cubes; the degree of underestimation depends on the size distribution, being the largest in the regular structure.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the ((CoCrFeNi)95Nb5)100−xMox High-Entropy Alloy Coating Fabricated under Different Laser Power

In this paper, the ((CoCrFeNi)95Nb5)100−xMox (x = 1, 1.5 and 2) high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were fabricated on the substrate of 45# steel by laser cladding process under different laser beam power. The influence of laser beam power and molybdenum element content on the microstructure and microhardness of the HEA coatings was investigated. Results show that the HEA coatings were composed of face-centered cubic (FCC) phase and Laves phase, had low porosity, and bonded well to the substrate. The Mo1 coating is composed of cellular dendritic structures and columnar dendritic structures. With the increase of molybdenum element content, the columnar dendritic structures disappeared, the grains are refined, and the arrangement of grains is more compact. The volume fraction of the interdendritic phase under the laser beam power of 800 W was small and irregular. After the laser beam power was increased to 1000 W, the volume fraction of the interdendritic phase was increased. Under the laser beam power of 1200 W, the volume fraction of the interdendritic phase was small again. Therefore, the coatings fabricated under the laser beam power of 1000 W had a larger volume fraction of the interdendritic phase and higher microhardness. With the increase in molybdenum content, the grain changed from columnar dendrite to cellular dendrite, and the microhardness of the coating increased. The characteristics of the laser cladding process, the formation of Laves phase, and the fine grain strengthening lead to high microhardness of the coatings.

Soil texture and structure heterogeneity predominantly governs bulk density gradients around roots

AbstractRhizosphere soil is known to differ from the bulk soil due to numerous physicochemical processes induced by root growth. The spatial extent and magnitude of the influence of roots on the surrounding soil is still debated controversially. To date, most studies focused on a limited number of soil types and plant species and were carried out under homogeneous soil structure conditions (i.e., finely sieved and repacked soil). With the help of X‐ray computed tomography (CT), we present the results of an image processing workflow, which enabled to analyze soil structure around roots of maize (Zea mays L.) plants under different degrees of soil structure heterogeneity. We analyzed &gt;400 samples extracted during laboratory and field experiments covering various combinations of texture, bulk density, packing heterogeneity, maize genotype, and soil moisture. We show that soil texture and structure heterogeneity predominantly governs the magnitude of bulk density alteration around roots. In homogeneous soil structure, roots had to create their own pores by pushing away soil particles, which confirms previous findings. Under more heterogeneous conditions, we found that roots predominantly grew in existing pores without inducing compaction. The influence of root hairs, root length density, and plant growth stages had no or little impact on the results. The effect of root diameter was more pronounced in sand than in loam. Fine roots caused sand grains to align along their axis, whereas big roots broke the fragile arrangement of grains. Our findings have implications for water and solute transport dynamics at the root–soil interface, which may affect plant productivity.

Decoding Rocks: An Assessment of Geomaterial Microstructure Using X-ray Microtomography, Image Analysis and Multivariate Statistics.

An understanding of the microstructure of geomaterials such as rocks is fundamental in the evaluation of their functional properties, as well as the decryption of their geological history. We present a semi-automated statistical protocol for a complex 3D characterization of the microstructure of granular materials, including the clustering of grains and a description of their chemical composition, size, shape, and spatial properties with 44 unique parameters. The approach consists of an X-ray microtomographic image processing procedure, followed by measurements using image analysis and statistical multivariate analysis of its results utilizing freeware and widely available software. The statistical approach proposed was tested out on a sandstone sample with hidden and localized deformational microstructures. The grains were clustered into distinctive groups covering different compositional and geometrical features of the sample’s granular framework. The grains are pervasively and evenly distributed within the analysed sample. The spatial arrangement of grains in particular clusters is well organized and shows a directional trend referring to both microstructures. The methodological approach can be applied to any other rock type and enables the tracking of microstructural trends in grains arrangement.

EBSD investigation on microstructure evolution of in-situ synthesized TiC/Ti6Al4V composite coating

TiC/Ti6Al4V composite coating was prepared by laser cladding. The effect of in-situ synthesized TiC on the microstructure evolution of Ti6Al4V was studied. The experimental results show that the average grain size of α-Ti in TiC/Ti6Al4V composite coating decreases obviously due to the TiC particles hinder grain growth. The proportion of low-angle grain boundary in TiC/Ti6Al4V composite coating is larger than that in Ti6Al4V coating, especially the ~2–5° low-angle grain boundary. TiC particles effectively strengthen grain boundaries and refine grains leading to the formation of a large number of sub-grain boundaries. Moreover, the texture strength of α-Ti in TiC/Ti6Al4V composite coating was enhanced. TiC promotes the ordered arrangement of grains in the direction parallel to the Y0 axis, resulting in texture and increase of grains.

Absence of spin Hall magnetoresistance in Pt/(CoNi)n multilayers

We systematically studied the magnetoresistance effect in a Pt/(CoNi)n multilayer system with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the fcc (111) texture. The angular dependence of magnetoresistance, including high-order cosine terms, was observed in a plane perpendicular to the electrical current; this was attributed to the geometrical-size effects caused by crystal symmetry, the ordered arrangement of grains, and the anisotropic interface magnetoresistance effect caused by the breaking of the symmetry at interfaces. Based on the accuracy of our experimental results, the magnitude of spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) in Pt/(CoNi)n was expected to be below $1\times10^{-4}$. However, on evaluating the spin Hall angle of $\geq$ 0.07 for Pt using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements, the theoretical magnitude of SMR in our samples was estimated to exceed $7\times10^{-4}$. This absence of SMR in the experimental results can be explained by the Elliott-Yafet spin relaxation of itinerant electrons in the ferromagnetic metal, which indicates that the boundary conditions of the spin current in the heavy metal/ferromagnetic insulator may not be applicable to all-metallic heterostructures.

Mathematical modeling of the surface roughness of the grinding wheel during straightening

Purpose. Research on the mechanism of influence of the straightening conditions of the grinding wheel, including the relative oscillations of the wheel and a multipoint diamond dresser, on the roughness of the ground surface and other machining results. Methodology. Straightening a grinding wheel with a multipoint diamond dresser is a process of high-speed destruction of a hard, abrasive material and its bond under the instantaneous forces, abrasive grains with a hard surface of a diamond crystal. During the grinding wheel straightening, the total component of normal forces causes correspondingly less elastic deformations in the wheel straightening tool system, which increases the accuracy of the geometric shape of the grinding wheel working surface. Findings. The research results make it possible to determine the parameters of the surface roughness of a workpiece and to find ways to control it to increase the efficiency of the grinding process. Originality. The regularities of the influence of the grinding wheel straightening conditions on the state of its working surface have been established. The paper shows that the initial arrangement of grains along the normal to the surface of the wheel is determined by its characteristics. When the abrasive grains hit the surface of the straightening tool, some of the vertices are chipped off, as a result of which the density of the grain vertices on the outer surface of the wheel increases. The straightening process was further developed in the direction of the non-uniform character of the location of the vertices of abrasive grains. The distribution of the grain position at the wheel bond depends on the straightening conditions. Since the removal of the allowance in the process of grinding is carried out by the most protruding grain vertices, then, consequently, the result of grinding will depend on their location and the conditions for the wheel straightening. Practical value. Application of the research results obtained in the work, namely, mathematical modeling of the surface roughness of the grinding wheel during straightening, makes it possible to calculate the roughness parameter of the ground surface. The work also shows that the level of chipping of the grain vertices depends on the grinding wheel straightening conditions, in particular, on the value of the axial feed of the straightening tool. In this case, lower stresses arise in the grains and the bond, and the tool works as a harder one. Straightening conditions affect the stability of the grinding wheel and its self-sharpening process in the machining zone. This determines the significant role of straightening in the results of the grinding process.

Kinetics of Grain-Boundary Nucleated Transformations in Rectangular Geometries and One Paradox Relating to Cahn's Model

It was found by Jagle and Mittenmeijer [Acta Mater. 59 (2011) 5775-5786] as a result of computer simulations that Cahn’s equation underestimates pronouncedly the transformed fraction in reality. To test the hypothesis that a strong correlation in the arrangement of grains in the Cahn model (they are “tied” to planes) can be responsible for this phenomenon, the paradox of packing is described: the structures composed of the same elements (random parallelepipeds) transforming in the same way, but packed differently, give different transformation rates. One of these structures is a special Cahn model – the grain structure of parallelepipeds formed by three sets of random parallel planes orthogonal to each other. An alternative structure consists of the same parallelepipeds, but randomly packed; it looks like a real grain structure. It is shown analytically that the kinetics of transformation in the first structure is considerably slowed down in comparison with that in the second. For the various intermediate structures under consideration, the kinetic curves are between these two, so that the following rule is established: the transformation kinetics is accelerated, when the correlation in the arrangement of the parallelepipeds weakens. Preliminarily, volume-fraction expressions are obtained for the systems of an infinite number of parallel planes arranged both regularly and randomly. As a special case of random arrangement, a non-Poissonian point process (the second-order Erlang process) of arrangement of planes is considered for the first time. The exact volume-fraction expression obtained for this case shows that it cannot be derived by Cahn’s method, i.e. the extended-volume approach is applicable only to Poisson processes. The volume fraction equations for regular planes are used to study cubic grain structures, both regular and random. It is shown that Cahn’s equation underestimates the transformation kinetics in both regular and random structures with four different size distributions of cubes; the degree of underestimation depends on the size distribution, being the largest in the regular structure.

THE ELEMENTARY CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTHILL CLAY FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS

Anthill clay is a distinct soil/clay genre among common soil types because of the stockpiling method. The small particles are carried in and erected an anthill by a small creature that it is called as termite. In generally, clay is a conspicuous raw material for industrial applications greatly and the assay of expediencies of anthill clay for advanced material applications were the prospects of the existing research. Carefully collected anthill clay samples were characterized under the physically and chemically using standard procedures and instruments. The mechanical characteristics of prepared bricks from anthill clays under 8000C were investigated. As the major outcomes of the existing investigation of raw clays, there were looked to 5.56 of PH value, 15% of natural moisture content, gap graded and symmetrically distributed arrangement of grains, 60% finer particle percentage (&lt;0.075mm) according to the weight, composition of Fe, Ti, Ba and K based compounds including Fe minerals with large sorption capacity for other metals. In addition that 25% of water absorption, 2.62 of bulk specific gravity, 65% of apparent porosity, 21 MPa compressive strength and 0.4 MPa splitting tensile strength were observed with respect to the bricks which were prepared from the anthill clay. Based on the behaviors of such anthill clay it should be an influential material in the advanced material manufacturing in the industrial purposes such as the water treatments, rigid materials and refractors.

Effects of LBSCA glass addition on the sintering characteristic and microwave dielectric properties of ZnTiNb2O8 ceramics

In this study, ZnTiNb2O8-xLBSCA (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 wt%) ceramics were synthesized via solid-phase reaction. Effects of different contents of LBSCA glass on the sintering characteristic, phase composition, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of ZnTiNb2O8-xLBSCA ceramics were investigated in detail via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Rietveld refinement analysis. Rietveld refinement result confirmed the existence of main phase ZnTiNb2O8 and secondary phase ZnNb2O6 in all samples, and the content of secondary phase decreased with increasing x. LBSCA glass obviously promoted grain growth, densification, and ordered arrangement of grains, which was conducive to good microwave dielectric properties. In general, the addition of LBSCA glass contributed to a decrease in sintering temperature to 950 °C, as well as improvement in microwave dielectric properties of ZnTiNb2O8 ceramics. ZnTiNb2O8-0.4wt%.LBSCA ceramics sintered at 950 °C showed excellent optimal properties of $${\varepsilon }_{r}$$ = 33.826, $$Q\times f$$ = 49,143 GHz, and $${\tau }_{f}$$ = $$-57.59 {\rm ppm}/^\circ{\rm C }$$ . Therefore, this ceramic can act as potential candidate for low-temperature fired material and promisingly be applied to multilayer filters and antennas.

Reconstructing cold climate paleoenvironments from micromorphological analysis of relict slope deposits (Serra da Estrela, Central Portugal)

AbstractThe paper focuses on analysis of macro‐ and micromorphological characteristics of relict slope deposits in Serra da Estrela (Portugal) to understand the significance of different slope processes and paleoenvironmental settings. Micromorphology is a useful sedimentology technique allowing significant advances compared to macroscopic techniques. Results show that different processes are involved in the development of the slope deposits, reflecting different environmental conditions. The main processes responsible for the emplacement of the relict slope deposits are solifluction, debris‐flow and runoff, but postdepositional changes are also present. Solifluction was identified in slope deposits between 650 and 1500 m a.s.l. The common microfeatures identified are circular arrangement of grains with a core grain, rounded vesicles, vertical grains, matrix deformations and fine‐grained deposits. Slope deposits above 1300 m a.s.l have a platy microstructure and coincide with the altitudinal range of the relict rock glaciers, indicating the elevation limit of permafrost. Below this altitude platy microstructures are less frequent. Slope deposits in north‐facing slopes were affected by frost‐induced processes in a seasonal frost regime, followed by a postdeposition illuvial phase. Debris‐flow and runoff were identified in slope deposits between 680 and 1260 m a.s.l. The common microfeatures are oblique grains, grain dumps, and coarse and fine grain lineations, and banded microstructures were identified in runoff processes. Debris‐flow deposits have a circular arrangement of grains without a core grain, identified in sediments in paraglacial and periglacial environments. The slope deposits show evidence of past periods of enhanced periglacial activity since the last glaciation until the Younger Dryas.