Field Arrangement Research Articles

A New Type of Magnetic Field Arrangement to Suppress Meniscus Fluctuation in Slab Casting: The Effect on Argon Bubble Multi-size Distribution

A New Type of Magnetic Field Arrangement to Suppress Meniscus Fluctuation in Slab Casting: The Effect on Argon Bubble Multi-size Distribution

Overview of High-Performance Timing and Position-Sensitive MCP Detectors Utilizing Secondary Electron Emission for Mass Measurements of Exotic Nuclei at Nuclear Physics Facilities.

Timing and/or position-sensitive MCP detectors, which detect secondary electrons (SEs) emitted from a conversion foil during ion passage, are widely utilized in nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics experiments. This review covers high-performance timing and/or position-sensitive MCP detectors that use SE emission for mass measurements of exotic nuclei at nuclear physics facilities, along with their applications in new measurement schemes. The design, principles, performance, and applications of these detectors with different arrangements of electromagnetic fields are summarized. To achieve high precision and accuracy in mass measurements of exotic nuclei using time-of-flight (TOF) and/or position (imaging) measurement methods, such as high-resolution beam-line magnetic-rigidity time-of-flight (Bρ-TOF) and in-ring isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS), foil-MCP detectors with high position and timing resolution have been introduced and simulated. Beyond TOF mass measurements, these new detector systems are also described for use in heavy ion beam trajectory monitoring and momentum measurements for both beam-line and in-ring applications. Additionally, the use of position-sensitive timing foil-MCP detectors for Penning trap mass spectrometers and multi-reflection time-of-flight (MR-TOF) mass spectrometers is proposed and discussed to improve efficiency and enhance precision.

Assessing the behavior of highly damped multilayered structures with controllable patches using condensation models

This study presents the finite element modeling of an adaptive sandwich structure that can be configured to exhibit various behaviors depending on the arrangement of the temperature fields in its core, which is made of a shape memory polymer with outstanding damping capacity. The sandwich structure is divided into patches corresponding to homogeneous temperature fields. Each patch is modeled as an equivalent thin plate using a condensation model and the effective properties are determined by preserving the real part of bending, shear (transverse) and extension (quasi-longitudinal) wavenumbers. The damping loss factor is estimated independently using the forced response from an analytical discrete model of the sandwich structure and the Power Input Method. Two different configurations of the sandwich structure are presented: in the first, the modal behavior of the sandwich structure is slightly affected; In the second, vibrations are reduced throughout the frequency range. The use of a suitable condensation model can be particularly interesting for solving optimization problems and determining optimal configurations. The behavior of the sandwich structure can be evaluated with reduced computational cost whenever an update of the temperature fields is required.

Optical Benchmarking of a Novel Polar Bi-Focal Beam-Down Tower Concept

Small-scale modular CSP systems using polar heliostat field arrangements reduce cosine losses significantly and – by integrating a secondary beam-down reflector – enable novel receiver concepts. A novel polar bi-focal beam-down design is introduced and its optical performance is assessed with ray tracing. Albeit not fully optimized, results show that – in comparison to a single-focus beam-down system – the bi-focal system entails higher annual, DNI-weighted optical efficiency and flatter circadian profiles, beneficial for reducing peak dumping. Even higher optical performances can be reached by combining single-focus and bi-focus systems.

Magnetic Imbalance at Supergranular Scale: A Driving Mechanism for Coronal Hole Formation

Unraveling the intricate interplay between the solar photosphere’s magnetic field and the dynamics of the upper solar atmosphere is paramount to understanding the organization of solar magnetic fields and their influence on space weather events. This study delves into the organization of photospheric magnetic fields particularly in the context of coronal holes (CHs), as they are believed to harbor the sources of fast solar wind. We employed the signed measure technique on synthetic images that depict various arrangements of magnetic fields, encompassing imbalances in the sign of the magnetic field (inward and outward) and spatial organization.This study provides compelling evidence that the cancellation functions of simulated regions with imbalanced magnetic fields along the boundaries of supergranular cells align with cancellation function trends of observed photospheric magnetic regions associated with CHs. Thus the analysis serves as a significant proof that CHs arise from the formation of imbalanced magnetic patterns on the edges of supergranular cells.

Research on the effect of connected cable-type channel structure and flow field arrangement on the performance of SOFC

In order to address Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFC) the issues of uneven gas distribution and low fuel utilization rate in conventional straight-channel. In this research, a connected cable-type channel with enhanced connectivity and broader radiation coverage was developed. The research revealed that in a singular flow channel scenario, the distribution of oxygen on the electrode within the connected cable-type channel exhibited greater uniformity compared to the conventional straight-channel design. The gas utilization rate is increased by 2.38% compared with the conventional straight-channel, and the output power density is increased by 8.55%. In the flow field, it is observed that the gas distribution on the cathode side of connected cable-type channel is significantly superior to that of the conventional straight-channel. In the case of a parallel flow field, the output power of the connected cable channel increases by 8.39% compared to the conventional straight channel, while the serpentine channel shows an increase of 11.65% in output power. Then, the impact of the flow field combination on the flow field was investigated. It was discovered that the output power of the cell could reach up to 5158.17 W/m2 when the serpentine-parallel staggered flow field distribution structure was utilized. This output was 11.33% higher than that of the parallel flow field.

Study on the optimal layout of helioscope field based on genetic algorithm

The tower photovoltaic power plant particularly depends on the proper arrangement of the heliostat field, which is a crucial component of the tower solar power system and costs between 40% and 50% of the tower solar power plant's overall investment expenses. In this study, an optimization model is established under the restrictions of the heliostat mirror's size and placement parameters. Then, using numerical optimisation tools such as the simulated annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm, the layout of the heliostat field is repeatedly calculated in order to determine the ideal configuration for the heliostat field, which will maximize its yearly thermal power output. This paper has some significance in optimizing the layout of the heliostatic field.

Flat plate solar collector networks: Design and retrofit considering fouling effects

This study presents the thermohydraulic principles for retrofitting existing flat plate solar collector networks with the aim of increasing energy capture using the installed capacity. The arrangement of a solar collector field influences its thermohydraulic performance and pumping costs. In this study, factors such as scaling-induced fouling, solar radiation, and flow distribution are considered. The case of an existing plant consisting of a total of 40 collectors is examined. It is concluded that the optimal arrangement should include 8 collectors per line connected in series as a limit to enhance thermohydraulic performance and reduce overall operating costs. The annual savings due to reduced natural gas consumption in the original plant structure (4Lx5px2s) amount to $17,522.72 USD per year; however, modifying the structure to 4Lx10s, the savings increase to $19,818.64 USD per year. Under fouling conditions, the new structure reaches savings of $19,512.41 USD per year. This suggests that, in design, the network configuration should prioritise the number of collectors in series per line, only limited by the increase in pressure drop.

Effect of uniform electric field on the droplet deformation in uniform flow field

In this article, we theoretically investigate the transient electric field-driven deformation of a droplet. Notably, the droplet is subjected to both a uniform flow and an electric field simultaneously. We explore two cases: one with a perpendicular arrangement of uniform flow and electric field, where the electric field is not stronger than the uniform flow, and another with an aligned arrangement of both. The leaky dielectric model is used and the droplet shape is assumed to remain prolate spheroidal at all times. The droplet behavior was modeled and the corresponding program was written in MATLAB software. According to the selected equations, the outputs of the program are logical and consistent with the available data and experiments. Among the advantages of the theoretical solution, one can mention the possibly tracing the origin of desired events and system reaction and the lower computational cost. The solution method can be extended to investigate similar problems.

Optimization Design of Heliostat Field Arrangement Based on Objective Optimization Model

Optimization Design of Heliostat Field Arrangement Based on Objective Optimization Model

The p-n heterojunction with multi-parallel built-in electric fields forms localized "electron sink" for directional non-uniform transfer of photogenerated carriers

The internal electric field can induce photogenerated carrier migration. Nevertheless, the spatial arrangement of internal electric fields (independent, series, and parallel) is intricate, which poses a challenge in determining the charge dynamics and process mechanisms. Here, we propose a strategy for in-situ growth of Co1−xS nanosheets and Co3O4 nanowires on the surface of cobalt foam (CoF). Each nanosheet is tightly connected to multiple nanowires to form multiple parallel circuits. Notably, DFT and in-situ characterization demonstrate that Co1−xS, with its low Fermi level, can act as an electron "pump" to spontaneously transfer interface electrons to multiple contacting nanowires, forming a multi-parallel built-in electric field (MPBIEF) and generating localized "electron sink". Remarkably, this unique structure promotes the directional asymmetric dispersion movement of carriers under illumination conditions, effectively reducing the recombination probability. Moreover, TDOS electronic state analysis reveals the interface enhancement mechanism of CoF@CS@CO, and a fixed-bed photocatalytic flow treatment system is developed.

Optimal arrangement of heliostat field based on simulated annealing algorithm

In this study, a simulated annealing algorithm is proposed as an optimisation method for the mirror arrangement of heliostat mirrors in a tower solar thermal power plant. Firstly, the optimal number and position of heliostats in the whole mirror field in radial staggered layout (EB unobstructed layout) were solved using simulated annealing method. Then further optimisation, i.e. changing the mirror width, mirror height and mounting height of the heliostats and solving for the optimal number and position of heliostats using simulated annealing again, resulted in an increase in the number of heliostats in the optimised mirror field by 77.92% but a decrease in the total area by 18.77%, and an increase in the average annual thermal power output per unit area of the mirrors by 4.76%. Therefore, this result shows that the heliostat field optimised using the simulated annealing algorithm has a higher efficiency and a smaller footprint.

Single axonal characterization of trigeminocerebellar projection patterns in the mouse.

The cerebellar projection from the trigeminal nuclear complex is one of the major populations of the cerebellar inputs. Although this projection is essential in cerebellar functional processing and organization, its morphological organization has not been systematically clarified. The present study addressed this issue by lobule-specific retrograde neuronal labeling and single axonal reconstruction with anterograde labeling. The cerebellar projection arose mainly from the interpolaris subdivision of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5I) and the principal trigeminal sensory nucleus (Pr5). Although crus II, paramedian lobule, lobule IX, and simple lobule were the major targets, paraflocculus, and other lobules received some projections. Reconstructed single trigeminocerebellar axons showed 77.8 mossy fiber terminals on average often in multiple lobules but no nuclear collaterals. More terminals were located in zebrin-negative or lightly-positive compartments than in zebrin-positive compartments. While Pr5 axons predominantly projected to ipsilateral crus II, Sp5I axons projected either predominantly to crus II and paramedian lobule often bilaterally, or predominantly to lobule IX always ipsilaterally. Lobule IX-predominant-type Sp5I neurons specifically expressed Gpr26. Gpr26-tagged neuronal labeling produced a peculiar mossy fiber distribution, which was dense in the dorsolateral lobule IX and extending transversely to the dorsal median apex in lobule IX. The projection to the cerebellar nuclei was observed in collaterals of ascending Sp5I axons that project to the diencephalon. In sum, multiple populations of trigeminocerebellar projections showed divergent projections to cerebellar lobules. The projection was generally complementary with the pontine projection and partly matched with the reported orofacial receptive field arrangement.

Study on the effect of static magnetic field strength and arrangement on the working performance of PEMFC with different flow fields

This study explores the impact of magnetic fields on the operation and performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with various flow fields. Different positions and intensities of magnetic fields were applied to investigate their effects. The performance of PEMFCs with different flow fields was then tested under different magnetic field strengths and arrangements. The experimental results demonstrate that, under the same conditions, the power density of the PEMFCs increases when subjected to magnetic fields of varying strengths (180mT, 220mT, and 260mT) compared to no magnetic field. Furthermore, the maximum power density of the cells increases with higher applied magnetic field strengths. The experiments also compared the performance of the fuel cell's cathode, anode, and bipolar operations with magnetic field arrangements in different flow fields. The results reveal that the performance enhancement of the fuel cell with magnetic field arrangement in the cathode is greater than that with magnetic field arrangement in the anode and bipolar. Specifically, when a magnetic field of 260mT is loaded onto the cathode for fuel cells with parallel, wave, and M−type flow fields, the maximum power density (MPD) increases by 55%, 23.9%, and 23.22%, respectively. In conclusion, the utilization of magnetic fields can enhance the performance of PEMFCs under operating conditions.

Design of optimal mirror field arrangement for heliostat based on objective optimization and particle swarm algorithm

Design of optimal mirror field arrangement for heliostat based on objective optimization and particle swarm algorithm

Accurate design of BHE fields for geothermal heat pump systems: The ASHRAE-Tp8 method compared to non aggregated schemes applied to different European test cases

The European targets addressed to greenhouse gas emissions reduction require a series of actions, including the role to be played by heat pumps and ground-coupled (GCHP) high performance ones. The correct design of the Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHE) field is the core of any GCHP project. The building heating and cooling demand is one of the inputs that shape the problem, to be associated with the use of precalculated temperature response factors describing the ground thermal response to different BHE field arrangements. Commercial codes (e.g. EED, GLHEPRO) can address such a complex computing task by referring to the monthly step thermal loads. In this paper, the monthly approach is compared with the three thermal pulses approach (modified ASHRAE-Tp8 method) by investigating a series of typical building structures in Europe (Tabula webtool database). Hourly heat load profiles for different European countries (Italy, France, Sweden, Germany, Spain) are calculated by EnergyPlus simulations. The present analysis, based on a representative set of building heat demands in Europe, demonstrates that the simple three-pulses approach with the Tp8 formulas is able to provide the correct BHE field overall length with 5% accuracy (average error 2.22%) with respect to the reference monthly calculations performed with commercial codes.

An Examination of the General Relativity of the Bianchi type V Holographic Dark Energy Model Using the Hybrid Expansion Law

This examination presents an investigation of the qualities of anisotropic and homogeneous Bianchi type V space-time inside the setting of general relativity, while considering the consideration of dark matter and holographic dark energy model parts. The arrangements of the differential condition fields have been determined by looking at two unmistakable situations: one where the extension scalar in the model is straightforwardly relative to the shear scalar, and one more where the typical scale factor is expected to follow a half breed development structure. The answers for the field conditions are inferred inside the system of general relativity. A similar to peculiarity was found with regards to the tension and condition of state boundary of the holographic dark energy model inside their separate settings. This study researches the physical and mathematical parts of a few factors that hold infinite importance, including the jerk boundary inside our model. The noticed boundaries line up with the cosmological models that portray the present status of the universe, described by sped up extension. All in all, we state that our model looks very similar to the ΛCDM cosmological model all through the later stages and lines up with the most recent discoveries of cosmological information.

The Spatial Arrangement of The Electric Field in the Needle-Plate Electrospinning

<p class="IJASEITAbtract">The electric field distribution of the Neddle-Plate (NP) electrospinning set up has reported due to the simple classical electrodynamics solutions. The charge is assumed to distribute uniformly in the needle (nozzle) and the collector (plate). The electric field has an influence only in the early stage of the electrospinning process. The electric field and the viscosity of the jet fluid have caused the bending of the straight jet. The high viscosity of the fluid can preserve the straight jet length much longer. The electric field gives the initial angular momentum of the jet due to the whipping motion of the jet. For the area away from the nozzle, the electric does not influence the whipping motion. Then the whipping motion solely due to the influence from the charge repulsion of the jet fluid and the evaporation of the solvent.</p>

Dosimetric Comparison of Commonly Used Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Field Arrangements Based on Flattening Filter-Free Beams for Synchronous Bilateral Breast Carcinoma Radiation Therapy

Dosimetric Comparison of Commonly Used Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Field Arrangements Based on Flattening Filter-Free Beams for Synchronous Bilateral Breast Carcinoma Radiation Therapy

Effect of obstacle arrangement and depth in parallel flow fields on the performance of PEMFC

Effect of obstacle arrangement and depth in parallel flow fields on the performance of PEMFC