Armyworm Pests Research Articles

PENGENDALIAN HAMA ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera Exigua Hubner) DENGAN SISTEM LAMPU PERANGKAP PADA BAWANG MERAH (Allium Ascalonicum L.Var. Aggregatum) DI KECAMATAN ANGGERAJA KABUPATEN ENREKANG

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing how to control armyworm pests (Spodoptera exigua Hubner) by using yellow LED (Light Emitting Diode) trap lights and white LED (Light Emitting Diode) trap lights on shallot plants. The results of this study indicate that. The number of imago on white LED lights caught more Spodoptera Exigua imago in the research basin. that the average Spodoptera exigua pest on shallot plants was significantly different or there was a significant difference in the treatment of the yellow LED trap lights and the white LED trap lights. The use of plants on land without light traps has increased. Lower maintenance wet bulb production without trapping lights

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technique to control fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in crop plants with special reference to maize.

Fall Armyworm imposes a major risk to agricultural losses. Insecticides have historically been used to manage its infestations, but it eventually becomes resistant to them. To combat the pest, a more recent strategy based on the use of transgenic maize that expresses Bt proteins such as Cry1F from the bacteria has been used. Nonetheless, there have been numerous reports of Cry1F maize resistance in FAW populations. Nowadays, the more effective and less time-consuming genome editing method known as CRISPR/Cas9 technology has gradually supplanted these various breeding techniques. This method successfully edits the genomes of various insects, including Spodoptera frugiperda. On the other hand, this new technique can change an insect's DNA to overcome its tolerance to specific insecticides or to generate a gene drive. The production of plant cultivars resistant to fall armyworms holds great potential for the sustainable management of this pest, given the swift advancement of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and its varied uses. Thus, this review article discussed and critically assessed the use of CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology in long-term fall armyworm pest management. However, this review study focuses primarily on the mechanism of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in both crop plants and insects for FAW management.

Potential of Streptomyces spp. From Peanut Plant Soil as an Entomopathogen of Pests Spodoptera Litura

Peanuts are agricultural commodities that have high economic value and play an important role in meeting human needs, namely as a source of vegetable protein, oil and other nutrients, but domestic peanut production has not been able to meet the needs of the Indonesian people. The national demand for peanuts reaches 856.1 thousand tons per year, and the average consumption of peeled peanuts is 0.32 kg per capita every year. [1] In 2013 peanut production was 701,680 tons, then there was a decrease in production in 2014 to 638,896 tons, and continued until 2015 to 605,449 tons, thus showing a 13.7% decrease that occurred from 2013 to 2015. Low productivity is caused by various factors, one of which is the attack of pests and plant diseases. This study aims to determine the type of Streptomyces spp. Microbes with high chitinolytic content that can control armyworm pests (S.litura) on peanut plants. and influence of biological control agency Streptomyces spp as an entomopathogen of insect pests S. litura. This study was able to improve understanding of the influence of the biological control agency Streptomyces spp as an entomopathogen of S. litura insect pests to protect plants in the future. The results of the exploration of Streptomyces sp. acquired Colonies are irregular and branched coccus-shaped. The colony is tightly attached to the GNA medium, wavy white with a notched surface and a starchy texture. In addition, it has the largest chitinase enzyme content with a chitin zone diameter of 3 cm. PCR test Based on BLAST® result tabulation data that isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces sp. with an identity percentage of 99.86% with Streptomyces sp. VEL gene 17 to 16 rRNA, partial sequence with access code AB914463.2 The highest mortality was in the treatment (S0 RP K3) and (S1 RP K3) there was 60% this showed that with the administration of Streptomyces sp. With a concentration of 75% can cause very high mortality with abdominal contact poison in S. Litura pests

Effectiveness Test of Onion Peel Eco Enzyme as Bioinsecticide for Armyworm Pest (Spodoptera litura)

Onion peels are organic waste, which could be a potential environmental pollutant without being appropriately managed. Onion peels were processed into more valuable materials through fermentation, an eco-enzyme. Onion peels eco enzyme is a bio-insecticide for insect pests such as armyworms (Spodoptera litura). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of eco enzyme from onion peel waste as a bio-insecticide against armyworms (Spodoptera litura). This research applied onion peels eco enzyme to the armyworms (Spodoptera litura) through spraying consisting of four treatments: Yasithrin 30 EC as control, 5 ml/L, E3 10 ml/L, and E4 30 ml/L. This study used an experimental method through a completely randomized design (CRD) pattern with four treatments and four replicates. Furthermore, the data was analyzed quantitatively by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed the highest deaths and the fastest death time when the eco enzyme was applied at 30 ml/L. The F test showed that the eco enzyme of onion peels significantly controls the armyworm (Spodoptera litura). Additionally, the BNT test (1%) showed no effect of different concentrations of eco enzyme of onion peels on the number and time of death of armyworms (Spodoptera litura). Moreover, the number of deaths and mortality time increased with the rise of onion peel eco enzyme concentration. This study showed that onion peel eco enzymes were effective as a bio-insecticide against armyworm (Spodoptera litura) pests within 82.5%-95% effectiveness level. Thus, it can be used as an eco-friendly retrieved pesticide.

Effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) application in controlling mortality of Spodoptera litura on rice plants (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary commodity for the Indonesian people because most of the Indonesian population depends on rice. The armyworm pests Spodoptera litura causes irregular holes in the leaves, thus disrupting the photosynthesis process and reducing rice production, so it is necessary to treat the pest. Bacillus thuringiensis is a pathogenic bacterium for insects, such as S. litura. This study aimed to look at the effectiveness of B. thuringiensis on the mortality of S. litura on a laboratory and field scale. The research was conducted in the Agrotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Musamus University. The research design was a complete randomized design (RAL). The research study was conducted on five treatment doses of B. thuringiensis, which were 20 g/500 ml of water; 40g/500 ml of water; 60 g/500 ml of water; 80 g/500 ml of water; 100 g/500 ml of water. Each treatment was repeated five times. The results showed that, applying B. thuringiensis can significantly decrease the population and intensity of S. litura. The highest mortality rate in laboratory trials was observed at a dose of 100 grams/500 ml of water, with 50 dead individuals. In contrast, the lowest mortality rate was recorded at a dose of 20 gram of material/500ml of water, with only 12 death S. litura larvae. In field testing, the best dose was 50 gram/14 liters of water, and it caused the death of 50 S. litura larvae. Spraying B. thuringiensis on rice plants can reduce the population and intensity of S. litura.

EFEKTIVITAS TIGA BAHAN ORGANIK TERHADAP SERANGAN HAMA, PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI SAWI

Pakcoy mustard greens are a type of rain-resistant vegetable. Pakcoy has green leaves with high nutritional content and economic value. One of the efforts that can be made to increase plant production is by providing fertilizer. Fertilization is carried out in order to meet the nutrient needs of plants, so that they can provide high yields, especially using organic fertilizer so that you can use waste as fertilizer. One type of recycled waste that can be used as organic fertilizer is egg shells, tea dregs and banana peels, each of which contains elements that are good for cultivation. Apart from that, pak choy mustard plants have the main problem that causes damage to pak choy, namely destructive pests that eat pak choy leaves such as plutella caterpillars, tritip caterpillars, armyworms, aphids (Aphids), cabbage spanner caterpillars. This research will be carried out from October to December 2023 at the UNISKA Integrated Field Laboratory. With a height of 67 meters above sea level, the temperature is 31.2◦C, humidity is 62.3% and soil pH is 6. Based on the research results, it shows that there is a very real influ.ence on the observed variables of plant height and number of leaves at the age of 14, 21 and 28 DAP, and it has an effect significant in root length at 28 days after planting. Fresh weight, dry weight, and armyworm pest attacks were lowest at P7.

Effect of forest betel leaf extract (Piper aduncum L.) from various altitudes on the mortality of fall armyworm (S. frugiperda J.E. Smith) in the laboratory

S. frugiperda pests can attack corn plants in the vegetative and generative phases, resulting in yield losses ranging from 15% to 73%. Forest betel plant (P. aduncum L.) is one type of plant that can be used effectively as a botanical pesticide to control these pests. The effectiveness of a plant as a source of botanical insecticide is influenced by the ecology, geography, and climate where the plant grows. This study aimed to obtain the best and most effective forest betel leaf extract from various growing heights against S. frugiperda mortality. The research was conducted at the Plant Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, from April to June 2023, using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and six replicates. Application of forest betel leaf extract at different altitudes above sea level, namely 200 meters, 500 meters, and 800 meters. The results showed that the difference in altitude significantly affected the mortality of S. frugiperda. Forest betel leaf extract from 200 meters above sea level was the best treatment for controlling armyworm pests, with a total mortality of 96.67%.

Uji ketahanan empat varietas tanaman jagung (Zea mays) terhadap intensitas serangan ulat grayak (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith)

The aim of this research was to examine differences in the intensity of armyworm attacks on several varieties of corn plants. This experiment was carried out in Cikalong Village, Sukahaji District, Majalengka Regency. The trial period starts from October 2022 to January 2023. The materials that will be used consist of 4 superior varieties of corn, namely NK 007, Bisi 2, Bisi 18, and Bisi 99. The research method uses a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 4 treatments. repeated 6 times. So the number of experimental plots obtained was 24 experimental plots. The research variables observed included the intensity of armyworm pest attacks, leaf length, number of leaves, leaf area, ear length, ear diameter, weight of husk ear and dry shell weight per ear. To see the effect of treatment, it was tested using the F test at the 5% level. If the calculated F is greater than the F table then the test continues using the LSD (Least Significant Differences) Test. The results of the research showed that the four varieties of corn, namely NK 007, Bisi 18, Bisi 2 and Bisi 99, did not differ significantly in the intensity of attacks by corn armyworm pests, at 14 and 28 HST, number of leaves, leaf width, cob length, diameter. cobs and dry shell weight per cob but were significantly different in the intensity of armyworm attacks at 42 and 56 DAP and the average weight per cob. The Bisi 2 variety provides the most optimal results compared to other varieties planted on average.

EFFECTIVENESS OF BOTANICAL PESTICIDES AGAINST FALL ARMYWORM PESTS (Spodoptera frugiperda) ON RICE PLANTS

Spodoptera frugiperda pests attack many food crops, including rice plants. Their larval life stage destroys rice plants and cause crop failure due to the attack rate, which can lead to yield losses of up to 80%. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of botanical pesticides against fall armyworm pests and determine the concentration of botanical pesticides that are most appropriate to be used to control fall armyworm pest populations on rice plants. This research was conducted from May to July 2023 in the experimental land of Tonrong Rijang Village, Kacamatan Baranti, Sidrap Regency. The treatment of this study is P0 (control), P1 (100 ml botanical pesticide + 100 ml liquid soap + 800 ml water), P2 (300 ml botanical pesticide + 100 ml + 600 ml water), P3 (500 ml botanical pesticide + 100 ml liquid soap), P4 (700 ml botanical pesticide + 100 ml liquid soap + 200 ml water). The results showed that the application of botanical pesticides had an intangible influence on fall armyworm pests on rice plants due to the rain factor, which resulted in botanical pesticides being washed off, causing the application dose to be less than pestimal. The highest fall armyworm pest attack mortality at P4 is with an average of 100%, and the application of P1 doses shows the highest average attack intensity of 48.47% with a medium-scale damage category, this is because if the concentration of botanical pesticides is getting smaller, the intensity of fall armyworm pest attacks that occur on plants is also high.

The effectiveness of various insecticide active ingredients against the intensity of armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) attacks on onion plants (Allium ascalonicum L.) Varieties of Bima Brebes

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are one of the leading commodities in agriculture. Shallots are commonly used as a seasoning for cooking, besides that shallots are also useful as traditional medicine because they have antiseptic substances contained in them. The productivity of onion plants often decreases as a result of pest attacks. Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) is one of the obstacles in the cultivation of onion plants (Allium ascalonicum L.), high caterpillar attack rates can reduce onion productivity, even causing crop failure. One way to control this pest is to control by using insecticides with certain active ingredients. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of various insecticide active ingredients to control armyworm pests (Spodoptera exigua) on onion plants (Allium ascalonicum L.). The design in this study was a Group Randomized Design (RAK) with 4 treatments of insecticide active ingredients and controls, namely A (Profenofos), B (Emamectin benzoate), C (Metomil), D (Cipermethrin) and E (control). Each treatment was repeated 5 times so that there were 25 experimental units. The research was conducted in Gagasari Village, Gebang District, Cirebon Regency, West Java. The trial research time starts from June - September 2023. The results showed that the application of insecticides active ingredients Profenofos, Emamectin benzoate, Metomil and Sipermethrin did not cause phytotoxicity to onion plants. Insecticide, Profenofos has a relatively gentle attack and low when compared to other active ingredients. In general, it is seen that all active ingredients of insecticides tested are able to play a role in controlling pests well. Insecticide treatment has a significant effect on the yield of dry weight of shallots per plot when compared to treatment without insecticide control (control). Profenofos active ingredient insecticide treatment was seen to produce a higher dry tuber weight than other treatments even when compared to all insecticide active ingredients tested, reaching 24.92 kg or equivalent to 24.9 tons per hectare

The role of combination insectary plants and botanical pesticides in increasing arthropod populations of natural enemies and suppressing populations of s. frugiperda in corn

Spodoptera frugiperda is the main pest of corn with a high level of attack intensity. Utilization of natural enemies both predators and parasitoids can be lured using zinnia flowers could be an effective control technique in suppressing armyworm pest populations. Pests hate the smells and taste of botanical insecticides a mixed of maja fruit and giant milkweed leaves which contain secondary metabolites such as volatile, pectin, saponins and tannins. This study aims to determine the effect of zinnia flowers and the application of botanical insecticides in suppressing armyworm populations. This research was carried out in Padakkalawa, Mattirobulu District, Pinrang Regency and Universitas Hasanuddin’s Laboratory of Insect and Plant Disease Relations. The research observed pest intensity, larval population and natural enemies. The results showed that the highest attack intensity was observed in the control treatment with an average of 12.59%/plant. The highest observed larval population was in the control with an average of 2.13 individuals/plant. In observing natural enemy arthropods in all observation techniques, the highest population of natural enemy arthropods was in the combination treatment of zinnia flowers and botanical insecticides with the most species being Lasius niger or ants which was significantly different from the control treatment. The results showed that the combination of insect plants and the application of botanical pesticides had an effect on the population and attack intensity of S. frugiperda larvae and populations of natural enemy arthropods.

Serangan Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada Pertanaman Jagung di Kabupaten Lamongan

In Indonesia, corn is the second-most important food crop after rice. Corn is widely used as food, feed ingredients, fuel, and industrial raw materials. Lamongan Regency consists of 27 Districts and 462 Villages with an area of 1,812.80 km2. Increased productivity of corn in Lamongan Regency has been constrained by several factors, one of which is the emergence of armyworm pests (Spodoptera frugiperda), which attack the growing points of corn plants. The armyworm, S. frugiperda, is an invasive insect that has become a pest of maize (Zea mays) in Indonesia. This study aims to observe the symptoms of attack, calculate the percentage of attack and the intensity of damage, and identify environmental factors that influence the development of S. frugiperda larvae populations. The research was carried out using a sampling technique using the scouting method with the letter "W." The observed maize planting area was 1.49 ha and was divided into 4 observation plots. The corn variety planted was Pertiwi 3, with a plant age of about 15–30 days after planting. The results of the identification of the larvae found on the leaves were Spodoptera frugiperda. Larvae are identified by an inverted Y-shape on the head and a cluster of four dots forming a square on the upper surface of the last body segment. Based on the results of observations, it is known that the damage caused by S. frugiperda attacks on corn plants in all plots includes severe and very heavy damage levels. Symptoms of the resulting damage include bite marks on the growing points, gnawing on the leaves, and dirt such as powder or fresh frass left on the surface of the leaves. Damage intensity ranges from 45-71%, with an attack percentage of 100%. Biotic and abiotic factors influence the development of S. frugiperda populations.

The several of Jengkol peel extract (Pithecellobium lobatum Benth) against corn armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) in the laboratory

Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith is an invasive insect that has become a pest on corn plants in Indonesia. S. frugiperda attacks maize plants from the vegetative to generative phases. Leaves of corn plants attacked by S. frugiperda larvae. with plant populations affected by 55-100% causing yield losses of 15-73%. The usual control is the use of synthetic insecticides, but the use of synthetic insecticides continuously or unwisely will have a negative impact on humans and the environment, therefore a safe and environmentally friendly alternative control using vegetable insecticides is jengkol plants (Pithecellobium lobate Benth). This study aims to obtain an effective concentration of jengkol bark extract to control armyworm pests Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith in the laboratory. The study was conducted experimentally using a complete randomized design (RAL) consisting of five treatments with four repeats so that 20 experimental units were obtained. The concentration of jengkol bark extract used is 0 g.l-1 water, 25 g.l-1 water, 50 g.l-1 water, 75 g.l-1 water, and 100. g.l-1 water. The parameters observed were an initial time of death (hours), lethal time 50 (hours), lethal concentration (LC50 and LC95) (%), total mortality (%), temperature, and humidity. Jengkol bark extracts with a concentration of 100 g.l-1 water is an effective concentration in controlling corn plant pests (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) in the laboratory because this concentration is able to cause total mortality of 90% with an initial time of death of 17.25 hours after application and lethal time of 50 at 60.75 hours after application.

Expert System Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Bawang Merah dengan Certainty Factor

This study aims to produce an expert system using the Certainty Factor (CF) Method for Diagnosing Pests and Diseases on Shallot Plants. The background of this research is to obtain information about pests and diseases. Expert System or expert system of Shallot Pests and Diseases with Certainty Factor is an expert system developed to identify pests and diseases in shallot plants. The development method used in the development of this system is the waterfall method. In the early stages of development, a needs analysis is carried out with the aim of understanding the requirements of the expert system, including the types of pests and diseases that must be identified, the associated symptoms, and the required expert knowledge. Furthermore, system design is carried out to design the system architecture and rule structure as well as the Certainty Factor weights that will be used in the diagnosis. In applying the certainty factor method, it gets a value of 46% for armyworm pests. After the design is complete, the implementation phase begins. At this stage, the expert system is designed and coded based on the designs that have been made before. The required modules, such as the inference module and the knowledge base module, are developed according to predetermined specifications. After the implementation is complete, the testing phase is carried out. using the black-box testing technique, with a score of 4.0 from the expert and 3.7 from the implementation of the beta user graph with a valid category. This test aims to ensure that the system provides an accurate diagnosis according to the symptoms observed in shallot plants.

JENIS DAN INTENSITAS KERUSAKAN HAMA UTAMA TANAMAN CABAI PADA SISTEM BUDIDAYA YANG BERBEDA

The research aims to determine the main types of pests and the intensity of their damage to chili plants with different cultivation systems. This research was conducted in Konda Satu Village, Konda District, South Konawe Regency. This study consisted of 3 treatments with 6 replications, so there were 18 experimental units. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if the results showed significant differences then it was continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the 95% confidence level to find out the best treatment by testing the differences between all treatments. Then test further LSD0.05. This study used three cultivation systems as treatments, namely the Conventional Cultivation System (Without Application of Biofresh Fertilizer + 100% Inorganic recommended dose + Use of Plastic Mulch), Semi-Organic Cultivation System (Application of Biofresh Fertilizer 50% recommended dose + 50% Inorganic of recommended dose + Application Phymar C Botanical Pesticides + Use of Plastic Mulch), and Organic Cultivation Systems (100% recommended dosage of Biofresh Fertilizer Application + Phymar C Botanical Pesticide Application + Organic Mulch). The results showed that the main pests that attack chili plants are armyworm pests (Spodoptera litura), fruit fly pests (Bactrocera sp.) and Aphids pests (Aphididae). The lowest damage intensity of armyworm pests was in the organic cultivation system of 18.08%, the lowest intensity of fruit fly pest attacks was in the semi-organic cultivation system of 31.81%, the lowest intensity of attack by aphids was in the semi-organic cultivation system of 12.59%.

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK TANAMAN HUTAN RAWA SEBAGAI BIOINSEKTISIDA DALAM MENGENDALIKAN Spodoptera litura F. PADA SKALA LABORATORIUM

To overcome the emergence of environmental pollution due to the control of pests and plant diseases from the use of chemical pesticides, preventive measures are needed by exploring the potential of endemic and non-endemic plants as the main ingredients for making organic insecticides. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of extracts from plant materials from Tanjung, Belimbing Wuluh, Jingah, Jelatang, Gambir, Ketapang, Kemang, and Pulai to be used as the main ingredients of insecticides to control the mortality of armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) in vivo in the laboratory of Balai Penelitian Lahan Rawa. To obtain the purpose of this study, the data were analyzed by means of variance to determine the significance of the value of the treatment, if there were at least two pairs of different treatments, then it was continued with the mean difference test using the BNJ 5% model. The results showed that the 8 types of swamp plant extracts were effective in controlling armyworm pests because their mortality was above 60% in a period of ≤ 48 hours. The highest pest mortality occurred in the application of feed with Pulai plant extract, which was around 84.0% after 60 hours of application.

Distribusi dan Kemampuan Adaptasi Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Terhadap Tanaman Inang pada Beberapa Ketinggian Tempat di Bali

Distribution and Adaptability of Fall Army Worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Against Host Plants at Several Altitudes in Bali. The armyworm pest (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) was first discovered attacking maize plants in Sumatra in 2019.These pests move very quickly from a wide range of altitude and host plant, while in Bali only discovered this pest attack maize plants at an altitude <500 meters above sea level (masl). The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution map of S. frugiperda, to determine the population and host plants in the field and to determine the attack of S. frugiperda at several altitudes in Bali. This study used purposive survey method. Plant sampling was carried out in all regencies of Bali Province by means of diagonal sampling. The size of unit sample was2 x 2 m and the number of plants observed was 20 plants. The results showed that the pest S. frugiperda had spread in the highland up to (> 1000 masl) which attacked maize and sorghum in Bali. The distribution area of the pest are Tabanan, Badung, Gianyar, Klungkung, Karangasem, Bangli, Buleleng, Jembrana and Denpasar. The population of S. frugiperda was found until the highland (> 1000 masl) with a population of host plants is still low and spread at 5 altitude with type host plants found, sweet corn, glutinous corn, corn pipil, local corn and sorghum. he percentage of S. frugiperda attacks at 5 altitudes in Bali is 11.71% to 35.13%.

Aplikasi Pestisida Nabati Umbi Gadung (Dioscorea hispida) untuk Mengendalikan Hama Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera frugiperda) pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays) di Laboratorium Pengamatan Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman (LPHP) Banyumas

One of the pests that attack corn plants in Banyumas is the armyworm pest (Spodoptera frugiperda) which has been endemic since early 2019. This pest can cause damage to up to 70% of the total land area of the corn crop. Generally, pest control is carried out using chemical pesticides which have a negative impact on the environment and health. Therefore, to overcome these negative impacts it is necessary to do better control such as control using vegetable pesticides or biopesticides. One of the plants that can be used as vegetable pesticides is the gadung tuber which contains diosgenin, steroid, saponin, alcohol, and phenol compounds. This study aims to determine the difference in the effectiveness of the vegetable pesticides of the gadung tubers which were extracted using two different methods, namely by blending and boiling. The resulting vegetable pesticides were applied to 25 samples of the pest Spodoptera frugiperda. The method of analysis used a qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that after the application of vegetable pesticides twice the samples of the caterpillars used were dead, which was indicated by the visual death appearance of Spodoptera frugiperda where the body turned stiff and secreted fluid, the color of the body turned blackish brown (burnt). The difference in the effectiveness of the results of the application of vegetable pesticides was seen in the mortality rate of caterpillars where for the caterpillars that were applied with boiling of 25 samples, 12 caterpillars that died on the second day, the third day 5, the fourth day 4 caterpillars and the fifth day 4 caterpillars. Meanwhile, for the death rate of caterpillars that were applied with blending of 25 samples, the caterpillars that died on the second day were 10, the third day 7, the fourth day 6, and the fifth day as many as 2 caterpillars. The application of both gadung tuber vegetable pesticides made by blending and boiling is considered equally effective in controlling armyworm pests but seen from the faster mortality rate using vegetable pesticides made by blending.

APLIKASI INSEKTISIDA NABATI BERBAHAN TANAMAN RAWA UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA KEDELAI ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura) DI LAHAN RAWA PASANG SURUT

One type of pest that often attacks soybean plant leaves in tidal swamplands is the armyworm pest. The intensity of leaf damage due to armyworm attack in tidal swamps ranges from 30-95%, and can even lead to crop failure. In controlling pests in soybean plants in general, always rely on chemical insecticides. The use of these chemical insecticides has a negative impact on the environment. To overcome this, the control is directed towards environmentally friendly pest control by utilizing swamp plants as a botanical insecticide. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 treatments of swamp plant extracts (galam, kirinyuh, kepayang) and 3 controls, namely without control, botanical insecticide made from neem, chemical insecticide with the active ingredient kloraniliprol. The aim of this study was to obtain a swamp plant extract that could be used in controlling armyworm pests (Spodoptera litura). The results showed that the three types of swamp plants could be used as botanical insecticides in controlling armyworm pests, and has an effectiveness value above 70%. The highest effectiveness of botanical insecticides was obtained at the age of 75 DAP, namely Galam (78.29%), Kirinyuh (78.86%) and Kepayang (78.85%).

Effect of Gadung Tuber Extract (Dioscorea hispida) on Mortality of Caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) in Shallots (Allium cepa) in East Lombok

Plants that can be used as pesticides are Gadung tubers. Gadung tubers contain cyanide acid to kill armyworm pests because they contain dioscorin toxins which can cause nervous disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Gadung tuber extract (Dioscorea hispida) on Caterpillar mortality (Spodoptera exigua) in Shallot plants. This type of research is experimental research. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD). The sample used was 5 caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) in each polybag with 5 repetitions for each concentration of Gadung tuber extract, namely 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%, so the total Caterpillar used was 150 Caterpillars. Gadung tuber extraction was carried out by maceration method with methanol solvent. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance at the 95% significance level, followed by DMRT (Duncans Multiple Range Test). The results showed that the Gadung tuber extract had a significant effect on the mortality of caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) because the F count was greater than the F table (45.40>2.62), and the DMRT test results showed that the optimal concentration of Gadung tuber extract was 2.5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the extract of Gadung tuber (Dioscorea hispida) affects the mortality of Caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) in Shallots (Allium cepa).