Army Soldier Research Articles

Deprived of Masculinity?

Abstract This article explores how Soviet soldiers were impacted by captivity in German-run POW camps within the USSR during World War II, focusing specifically on how the camps stripped POW s of their ability to act out their masculinity. Using the Slavuta POW camp as a case study, it argues camp life prevented prisoners from embodying two dominant versions of masculinity from the 1940s: the heroic Red Army soldier, and Lilya Kaganovsky’s concept of the masculinity of lack. This was true according to the Soviet state, but also reflects the narratives of POW-survivors, who made no attempts to claim that their struggle to survive in the notoriously deadly German POW camps was heroic. It draws on written accounts from POW survivors, sketches created by two POW-artists who spent time in the camp, and documentary photographs taken by Soviet state investigators after the camp’s liberation, all of which can be found within the files of the Soviet investigative body the Extraordinary State Commission.

"I am a Russian soldier": linguistic and stylistic analysis of B.L. Vasilyev’s novel "His Name Was Not Listed" (to the 100th anniversary of the birth)

Based on linguo-stylistic analysis, the article examines the evolvement of the Russian soldier and the defender of the Motherland in the novel by B.L. Vasilyev "His Name Was Not Listed". The chosen subject is relevant due to the insufficient study of linguistic means and their specific features in the writer’s artistic work. The article aims to identify linguistic means of different levels with the help of which the author depicts the personality formation of a Red Army soldier who found himself on the front line from the first day of the war. The article uses contextual and structural semantic analysis of lexical units. On this basis, the means of transforming lexeme meanings are identified, which proves to be important for creating the protagonist’s image in the work. The system of character names, their comparative analysis, and quantitative estimation make it possible to draw a conclusion about the devices that reveal the formation stages of the Russian soldier’s image. The paper concludes that the following expressive linguistic means help to characterise the main character’s personality formation process: repetition at different language levels (situational, phrasal, lexical, morphemic); contextual transformation of the semantics of lexical units; the system of names for the main character of the novel, the frequency of character names; details reflecting the changes occurring in the protagonist’s mind; oppositions that perform a structural and characterological function in revealing the image of Nikolai Pluzhnikov.

«АЭЛИТА» ЯКОВА ПРОТАЗАНОВА: МАРС КАК ЧАСТЬ БЕССОЗНАТЕЛЬНОГО ГЕРОЯ-ИНТЕЛЛИГЕНТА 1920-х

The article delves into Yakov Protazanov’s film Aelita (1924), marking its 100th anniversary. It aims to bring to light the nuances of the film, which were overlooked within Soviet film studies, while also highlighting the key differences between Alexei Tolstoy’s original novel and its cinematic adaptation. The Martian storyline, reimagined as the fantastical realm of engineer Mstislav Los by the screenwriters, can be interpreted as the subconscious of the intellectual hero of the 1920s in order to explore its symbolic meaning. The Martian landscape not only embodies governmental conservatism, but, through its constructivist style, symbolizes modernity, a technologically advanced civilization, as well as reflects concerns that come not from the past, but are projected towards the future. The paper analyzes the interplay between the fears and dreams of the intellectual protagonist, whose values were shaped before the 1917 revolution. Unlike his literary counterpart, the screen image of Los has changed: in the film, the engineer is an active man, an adventurer, a person of passion. The ethereal Aelita, the sovereign of Mars, is juxtaposed to Los’ wife, Natasha, a Soviet bureaucrat. While Natasha embodies the democratic ethos of an energetic Soviet woman, Aelita personifies aristocratic ideals. The emotional openness, energetic movements and tactile interactions, and active work and social contacts—the Soviet anthropological ideal—stand in contrast to the personal convictions of Los, who aestheticizes emotional restraint, interpersonal detachment, and social elitism. The article explores the motifs common to the Moscow and Martian storylines: the yearning for interplanetary connections, the need to transcend the usual mode of life in pursuit of something new, different, unattainable, and the willingness to make sacrifices for loftier objectives. In summary, the screenwriters have radically transformed the world of Tolstoy’s novel, which manifests the impotence of an individual in the face of revolutionary turmoil and emotional depression over the loss of a beloved one. Protazanov’s film underscores the importance of active participation of not only the Red Army soldier (Gusev), but also the intellectual (Los). While aligning with certain tenets of Soviet ideology, the film also contains subtexts that challenge it. Such is the (imaginary) revolution on Mars, which turns out to be driven not by a collective awakening among the working people of Mars, but rather by the individualistic ambitions of two Earthly men: the inertia of soldier Gusev’s ardor and the jealousy of intellectual Los, his detachment from with his Soviet wife and his yearning for emotional and erotic solace with a woman of royal lineage. The article surveys critical and theoretical analyses (both domestic and international) on Aelita, revealing motifs resonant with the Western European cinematic trends of the 1920s and of subsequent decades, from auteur (Robert Wiene, Fritz Lang, Andrei Tarkovsky) to popular science fiction films and series of the early 21st century (Cloud Atlas, Dune, Foundation, etc.). This reconfirms the scale of Protazanov’s Aelita, its predictive potential and artistic merit within the tapestry of global cinema.

The combined effects of coping and pain interference on army readiness.

Chronic pain and associated interference with daily activities are common in the military and impact Force readiness. Chronic pain affects one-third of service members and is a leading cause of medical non-readiness (MNR) in the military. Research suggests that underlying psychological mechanisms related to trait coping styles and pain interference (PI) affect functional outcomes, but little research exists examining this relationship within an Army population. The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of PI and coping on U.S. Army soldier readiness by using annual well-being data from the Global Assessment Tool (GAT) and medical non-readiness (MNR) based on duty restriction records. The sample comprised 866,379 soldiers who completed the GAT between 2014 and 2017 with no duty restrictions at the time of baseline GAT completion; subjects were observed through 2018 for duty restrictions. Parametric survival regression models with a Weibull distribution predicted demographic-adjusted hazards of MNR by dichotomized PI (no PI/PI) and beneficial/non-beneficial use of GAT coping components (good coping, bad coping, catastrophizing-flexibility, and catastrophizing-hopelessness). Incident MNR was evaluated for all duty restrictions, and stratified by selected body systems (upper extremity, lower extremity, psychiatric). Among soldiers with PI, hazards were higher in those reporting non-beneficial coping styles (bad coping, hopelessness) and lower in those reporting beneficial coping styles (good coping, flexibility). Across all coping styles, PI/coping interactions were particularly strong for catastrophizing-hopelessness and when examining MNR from psychiatric conditions. These findings suggest some synergistic associations between pain and coping that may impact pain-related occupational disability. Coping skills may be an effective interventional target for chronic pain reduction/prevention within military programs, such as the Master Resilience Training Course offered to soldiers in the Army. Further research should assess whether early coping style interventions can reduce pain-related outcomes.

A historical comparison of U.S. Army & U.S. civilian suicide rates, 1900–2020

Studies examining the perceived association of war time and increasing suicide rates in the U.S. military and U.S. civilian populations have proliferated since the beginning of the Global War on Terror (GWOT). However, additional historical analysis is needed to better place the recent surge in active-duty U.S. Army and U.S. civilian suicide rates into context and better inform researchers, healthcare providers, and policy makers. To do so, a cross sectional study that extracted empirical data from U.S. government websites, publications, and journal articles published from 1900 to 2022 was conducted to identify longitudinal trends. From 1900 to 2020, active-duty U.S. Army soldier and U.S. civilian suicide rates appear to fluctuate similarly, but with soldier rates often displaying more dramatic changes. Since 1900, active-duty U.S. Army soldier and similarly aged U.S. civilian male suicide rates have gradually converged, with the differences in rates narrowing over time. War does not historically appear to increase suicide rates in active-duty U.S. Army soldiers or U.S. civilians. More recently, given the apparent convergence of U.S. Army and similarly aged U.S. civilian male annual suicide rates, larger more universal factors than combat may be similarly affecting both populations.

Las Hermanas De Manolete by Alicia Montesquiu, and: Entre Sevilla y Triana (review)

Reviewed by: Las Hermanas De Manolete by Alicia Montesquiu, and: Entre Sevilla y Triana Duncan Wheeler LAS HERMANAS DE MANOLETE. By Alicia Montesquiu. Directed by Gabriel Olivares. Teatro Fernán Gómez, Centro Cultural de la Villa, Madrid. January 23, 2022. ENTRE SEVILLA Y TRIANA. Music by Pablo Sorozábal. Libretto by Luis Fernández de Se-villa and Luis Tejedor. Teatro de la Zarzuela, Madrid. January 28, 2022. Historical memory is a hot topic in Spanish theatre and society more generally. The long Franco regime (1939–1975) came to an end only when the dictator died in his bed in November 1975. A relatively peaceful transition was predicated on a tacit agreement by the major players not to weaponize the past, moving forward with the consensus politics enshrined in the 1978 constitution. In the twenty-first century, there is a growing divide between citizens who believe it best to let sleeping dogs lie and those who contend that the existence of mass graves and a denial of the country’s traumatic past is an obstacle to the consolidation of a mature political democracy and broader social wellbeing. Madrid’s “Teatro del barrio” [Neighborhood Theatre], which was established in 2013, has, for example, provided a vibrant forum for practitioners, activists and audiences emotionally and politically invested in disinterring the original sins of the dictatorship and the so-called “regime of 78.” While there is a loyal clientele for such initiatives, attending sold-out productions at this hipster hangout in a multicultural neighborhood is not necessarily representative of where the conversation is heading more broadly. Merely referencing censorship alongside the use of non-traditional framing devices—the zarzuela (light Spanish opera) Doña Francisquita was adapted for television during the dictatorship—prompted catcalls from an older and generally more conservative clientele at Madrid’s Zarzuela Theatre in 2019. In this publically funded space, a 2021–2022 staging of Entre Sevilla y Triana was far less polemical. Understanding how and why a production of this zarzuela did not offend conservative sensibilities—in spite of touching on a number of the same unsettling themes that a recently premiered new play, Las hermanas de Manolete, also did—offers new sociological and theatrical insight into the cultural politics of contemporary Spain. Manuel Laureano Rodríguez Sánchez, known professionally as “Manolete,” was the most important matador of Spain’s post-Civil War years. Beyond his prowess with the sword, he was a national hero because audiences during the so-called “years of hunger,” identified with an idol who had a melancholy countenance and emaciated frame. After Manolete died in 1947, gored in the ring, his mother, Angustias Sánchez, and his inner professional circle ostracized his lover, the actress Lupe Sino. In a previous life, she had been married to a Republican army soldier during the Civil War (1936–1939) and was rumored to have made a living as a sex worker after he was jailed. Much of the cultural production surrounding Manolete—see, for example, the film A Matador’s Mistress (Menno Meyjes, 2008) starring Adrien Brody and Penélope Cruz—hinges on the melodrama of a mythical icon caught between a passionate love affair and an over-protective Bernarda Alba-style mother. The underlying conceit of Las hermanas de Manolete is the making of a documentary film about Lupe Sino, but the play itself is set almost entirely in the home of Manolete’s sisters, the more sympathetic of whom has learning difficulties. They reminisce about the past and dissect their brother’s relationship, which began in the infamous Chicote cocktail bar, the place to score a plethora of drugs from cocaine to penicillin (a game-changer for the life expectancy of matadors). Click for larger view View full resolution Alicia Cabrera and Alicia Montesquiu in a rehearsal for Las hermanas de Manolete, Photo by Kike Parra. The first husband of Manolete’s mother was a bullfighter who died of tuberculosis. She remarried another bullfighter who also died young. Manolete, her only son, was born of this second marriage. The future matador left school at twelve to help provide for his mother and five (half-)sisters. To a large extent, the Spanish Civil...

Участие уроженцев Беларуси в Сталинградской битве

Introduction. The main information about our compatriots who distinguished themselves in the Battle of Stalingrad is contained in the award documents, which have not yet become the subject of study by Belarusian researchers. Separate facts had been appearing in the press already during the hostilities. For example, the feat of the Red Army soldier Alexey Vashchenko, who closed the embrasure of the enemy’s gates with his breast on September 5, 1942, was the subject of a publication in the division newspaper and a leaflet issued by the political department. However, the main information on the topic emerged only in the post-war time. Methods and Materials. The article is based on the information from scientific and educational literature, encyclopedias and reference books, from the memories of Soviet military leaders who took part in the Battle of Stalingrad, publications in the regional historical collections “Memory”, from the Belarusian central and local periodicals. The goal is to identify information about the participation of natives of Belarus in the Battle of Stalingrad. Results. The study showed that the Belarusians were represented both among the privates and command staff, in almost all types and branches of the military. Many of them were awarded high state decorations for military distinctions during the Battle of Stalingrad.

Stressful Life Events and Risk of Homelessness After Active Duty: An Assessment of Risk and Resilience Among Servicemembers.

The transition from military to civilian life may present increased exposure to various stressful life events (SLEs) that can increase the risk of homelessness (eg, loss of employment, dissolution of romantic relationships). We assessed the extent to which exposure to SLEs occurring proximal to US Army soldier transitions out of active duty was associated with risk of homelessness. A total of 16 589 respondents who were no longer on active duty but participated while on active duty during 2011-2014 baseline surveys completed follow-up surveys during 2016-2018 and 2018-2019. The follow-up surveys assessed SLEs and homelessness occurring in the past 12 months. We used modified Poisson regression models to evaluate how much differential SLE exposure and effects explained the aggregate association of a risk index with homelessness among a sample of 6837 respondents, weighted to represent the full sample. More than half (n = 3510, 52.8%) of respondents reported experiencing any SLEs in the past 12 months. Most (60.5%) of the difference in prevalence of homelessness among respondents defined as being at high risk of homelessness (vs lower risk) was explained by differential exposure to, and/or effects of, these SLEs. Personal betrayal by a loved one and economic problems played the largest roles in adjusted risk differences (0.045 and 0.074, respectively). Homelessness might be reduced by gearing interventions toward soldiers at high risk of homelessness who are transitioning out of active duty to reduce exposure to and effects of modifiable SLEs on experiencing homelessness.

МАРГИНАЛИИ СЫНА В РУКОПИСИ ОТЦА КАК МАРКЕР ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ

The research question relates to the peculiarities of the implementation of the intergenerational dialogue about the family history: the author analyzes the marginalia of the late migrant V.K. Vins (b. 1942) as a response to the manuscript of his father, repressed Soviet German Labor Army soldier K.A. Vins (1905–1988). The manuscript is a summary of the history of a Soviet German family through the life of its breadwinner. The author of the memoirs presents himself as a German, a teacher of the German language, a father of a family and a Soviet citizen; and our research task is to identify the reaction of his son to this text through his marginals. It is revealed that there is a continuous dialogue between father and son, marks in the text perform different functions – from drawing the reader’s attention to lapidary fragments to enhancing the rhetoric of the father’s statements. Marginalia become a marker of V.K. Vince’s identity – in some episodes this identity corresponds to the author’s, in others it contradicts it. To expand the context of the study, the work draws on the son’s ego-documents, in which he sets out his own vision of the family history.

Pemanfaatan Augmented Reality Sebagai Media Pengenalan Atribut TNI Angkatan Darat Berbasis Android

Augmented Reality is an activity that combines the appearance of virtual and real objects (objects) in real life and at that time will also display 3D objects that we want to see in real time. The process of combining virtual and real objects using technology that continues to develop rapidly in the world of design, interactivity is aimed at the input devices needed to support the goals to be achieved. Augmented reality technology at the Indonesian Army Attributes application is an application that uses the Markerless method with the Pattern Matching technique to display augmented reality 3D objects at the Indonesian Army Attributes. This application system can help users, especially prospective students (cassis) to make it easier for prospective students (casis) to achieve their goals of becoming an Indonesian Army Soldier, starting from the recruitment level and selection of units on duty. This technology can guide users to directly view 3D Indonesian Army Attributes objects without having to browse, not to mention network constraints when accessed, which takes longer. This application system is based on Android and can be accessed and used offline.

Bilateral Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

While Achilles tendon injuries are common amongst the general population, there are very few cases in which simultaneous bilateral injuries occur. Medial malleolar fractures at the time of Achilles tendon rupture have been cited in the literature and are commonly missed. The following case outlines the presentation, treatment, and outcome of a United States Army Soldier with simultaneous bilateral Achilles tendon ruptures in addition to a unilateral right medial malleolar fracture. This patient was able to completely return to duty within 1 year after being treated with ORIF of the medial malleolus, bilateral end-to-end repair of the AT, and accelerated rehabilitation beginning at 2 weeks on the left and 6 weeks on the right.

Pengaruh Penambahan Latihan Core Stability Terhadap Peningkatan Nilai Kesegaran Jasmani B Pada Prajurit

An Army soldier must be able to foster physical fitness so that his body becomes healthy and can carry out his main duties to maintain the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of adding core stability exercise to increasing the value of physical fitness B in soldiers. Quasi experimental design research held at Yon Armed 4 Cimahi. A sample of 20 soldiers divided into 2 groups. The dependent variable is the physical fitness score B and the independent variable is the core stability exercise. Exercise is carried out for 4 weeks with a frequency of 3 times per week. The difference in test results between the experimental group and the control group both before and after core stability exercise was tested by independent T test. There was a difference in the mean physical fitness scores between the experimental group (Mean= 85.80; SD= 2.82) and the control group (Mean= 82.50; SD= 2.32) before the intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (p= 0.011). There was a difference in physical fitness scores before and after the intervention between the experimental group (Mean= 3.90; SD= 1.52) and the control group (Mean= 1.60; SD= 0.70) and statistically significant (p < 0.001), with effect size = 1.94. Conclusion core stability exercise is effective to increase the physical fitness value of B on soldiers of Yon Armed 4 Cimahi

Perilaku Pembunuhan Berencana Ditinjau dari Pendekatan Behavioristik

This study aims to find out how the premeditated murder behavior are occured. The study aims to reveal how participants lived in childhood, experiences in teenagers, and the lives of participant after became an army soldier. The research used qualitative approach with life history method. Data collected using structured interview method consisting of 1 core participant. The result of data analysis shows that during his childhood, participant did not have an emotional attachment with his parents. In adolesence, participant was involved in a peer group who brings him to substance abuse and manipulative behavior. As an army soldier, participant observed a model of violence which aggravates his way to criminal behavior. This lifepath is conditioning for participant to use violence as a way to reach his goals.

Polish army soldier and scientist – Stanisław Ossowski

The article reminds Stanisław Ossowski, an outstanding sociologist and political scientist, a representative of the Lviv-Warsaw school, and a brave soldier. The author focuses her attention on two problems selected from his work: on man as an ethical subject and on opportunities and threats in shaping individual and collective social personalities. Stanisław Ossowski regarded disobedience in thinking, faithfulness to the truth, and intellectual honesty as the professional duty of a scientist, especially a humanist, who studies ideas and value systems. He justified the theory of mutual conditioning of the social structure-personality. He studied the impact of decisions of senior government officials on the dynamics of human behaviour and the development of human polymorphism.

Moral Injury and Moral Healing in Prolonged Exposure for Combat-Related PTSD: A Case Study

Prolonged Exposure (PE) is a highly effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across a variety of delivery formats and samples. However, for military service members, the treatment tends to be less effective than for civilians. One explanation for the reduced response to PE in military service members is the frequency, intensity, and heterogeneity of combat trauma. Combat trauma may yield a variety of posttraumatic responses, including moral injury, or the psychosocial-spiritual suffering consequent of exposure to moral injurious events. Despite rapidly increasing research on combat-related moral injury, little clinical guidance exists on how or if moral injury may be addressed via trauma-focused treatments such as PE. This case report describes the facilitation of moral healing for a U.S. Army soldier with combat-related PTSD in a 3-week intensive outpatient PE program. While PTSD symptoms were reduced from pre- to posttreatment, even more substantial treatment gains were observed in the soldier’s functional changes, engagement with values-based activities, and his reported willingness to embrace moral pain. Although not explicit in the PE manual, targeting these latter outcomes in PE can facilitate moral healing in service members with PTSD. This case report provides a detailed description of how PE procedures were targeted to address moral injury and where theory-driven augmentations were included to facilitate moral healing.

From a Red Army soldier to a military diplomat

In No. 5/2020 of our magazine, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the creation of the United Nations, it was mentioned that representatives of the military diplomacy took part in the development of the UN Charter: Rear Admiral Rodionov K. K. and Lieutenant General Slavin N. V. This article refers to another military diplomat who was also part of the Soviet delegation to the San Francisco Conference and actively participated in the preparation of the most important UN document, Lieutenant General Vasiliev A. F., an offi cer of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR.

Hidden Dialogue of Two Classics (Dreiser and a Red Army Soldier)

Hidden Dialogue of Two Classics (Dreiser and a Red Army Soldier)

В. В. Бедин во главе Центрального государственного исторического архива СССР в Ленинграде. 1945-1952, 1954-1964 гг.

The article is to highlight the little-known pages in the history of the Russian State Historical Archive, one of the largest archives in Russia. Its story is an integral part of the history of archiving in Russia. The article is to show the role of an individual in the history of Russian archiving in a case-study of the activities of one of its most effective managers. His life is largely characteristic of the generation of archival leaders of the 1940s–60s, while his personal characteristics are unique. The article is based on genuine archival materials preserved in the so-called “Archive of the archive” and also on the memoirs of his contemporaries. It is devoted to the biography of Vasily Vasilyevich Bedin, the longtime head of the Central State Historical Archive in Leningrad (now the Russian State Historical Archive). V. V. Bedin was appointed head of the archive at a difficult time. During the war and in the siege of Leningrad, the archive was headed by temporary leaders who replaced one another and did not always cope well with the responsibilities assigned to them. V. V. Bedin became the fifth head of the archive since 1941. Descent from the Novgorod gubernia peasants, a Red Army soldier during the Civil War, a political instructor, he became a party functionary, studied at the Institute of Red Professors. In 1937, he was appointed head of the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Belarus, and in 1939 became director of the Leningrad branch of the Museum of V. I. Lenin. On December 22, 1945, he was appointed head of the Central State Historical Archive in Leningrad. In this position, he did a lot to eliminate the consequences of the war and to put the archive in order; he strove to improve the situation of the archive’s staff. In a difficult political environment of the late 1940s - early 1950s he showed high integrity and much decency. This was the reason for his dismissal in 1952. But with the beginning of the “thaw,” V. V. Bedin was re-appointed head of the archive on July 3, 1954. Under his leadership, the archive became a truly scientific institution. V. V. Bedin created a businesslike atmosphere in the archive, allowing its staff of to show initiative and boldly discuss the fundamental issues of the archival administration development. He did a lot to improve the storage of archival documents. V. V. Bedin initiated the archive’s transition to a more functional structure. He remained in the memory of the Leningrad archivists as an effective and principled, demanding and caring leader.

Fitness OSINT: Identifying and tracking military and security personnel with fitness applications for intelligence gathering purposes

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the possibility of tracking and identifying military and other security personnel, operating in secretive or restricted areas. Such exposure might have dire consequences from the perspective of counterintelligence or physical security. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Social Media Intelligence methods and techniques were employed to gather and analyse information on security and military personnel and expose their activities on-line. The case studies presented in the article exemplify utilisation of the new “Suunto” fitness application for open-source-based intelligence research. Despite general Operational Security rules that require all personal data such as names, pictures and habits to be kept discreet, open-source based research with one of the most popular fitness applications allowed the identification of military personnel and government agents operating in Afghanistan, Mali, Syria or working at national military facilities. In a single case, it took the author less than thirty minutes to identify personal details of a US Army soldier in Afghanistan and a Special Forces officer in one of the European countries and obtain their home addresses and pictures of them and their families. The results of the research show how OSINT techniques concerning fitness applications are useful both for intelligence and counterintelligence, specifically for malicious and terrorist purposes, and how necessary it is to make fitness and other, supposedly personal, activity private, especially for those who carry out sensitive missions and work in a restricted or secretive environment.

Czy okupacyjna przeszłość Józefa Franczaka „Lalusia” miała wpływ na powojenne losy „ostatniego zbrojnego”?

Autor przedstawia nieznane dotychczas epizody konspiracyjnej działalności Józefa Franczaka „Lalusia”, żołnierza AK, z okresu okupacji niemieckiej. Wątki te są prezentowane na tle historii lokalnej, z uwzględnieniem najbliższych towarzyszy broni głównego bohatera. Franczak to jedna z głównych postaci kreowanego w ramach państwowej polityki historycznej panteonu „żołnierzy wyklętych”. W artykule szczegółowej analizie poddano zachowaną dokumentację dwóch wydarzeń odnoszących się do relacji polsko-żydowskich. Wydaje się, że miały one istotny, jeśli nie decydujący wpływ na powojenne losy Franczaka. Porównanie kolei losów „Lalusia” i jego dwóch podkomendnych uświadamia, że przynależność do AK i poważne zaszłości z okresu okupacji nie determinowały powojennych losów żołnierzy podziemia. O ich życiu decydował często nie wybór ideowy, lecz wypadkowa przypadku, pragmatyzmu i użyteczności dla nowych, komunistycznych władz