Arms Sales Research Articles

Arms and Allies

Book Review| November 01 1982 Arms and Allies Andrew J. Pierre. The Global Politics of Arms Sales. A Council on Foreign Relations Book. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982. Kevin Danaher Kevin Danaher * Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar *Kevin Danaher is Adjunct Professor of Government and Public Administration at American University, Washington, DC. Journal of Palestine Studies (1982) 11-12 (4-1): 118–122. https://doi.org/10.1525/jps.1982.11-12.4-1.118 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Kevin Danaher; Arms and Allies. Journal of Palestine Studies 1 November 1982; 11-12 (4-1): 118–122. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jps.1982.11-12.4-1.118 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of Palestine Studies Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1982 by the Institute for Palestine Studies. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Reprints and Permissions web page, http://www.ucpress.edu/journals.php?p=reprints.1982 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book review in this article:Arguments for Democracy. By Tony Benn. Edited by Chris Mullin.Breaking the Mould? By Ian Bradley.The Future of Socialism. By Anthony Crosland.The Socialist Agenda. Edited by David Lipsey and Dick Leonard.Face the Future. By David Owen.Politics is For People. By Shirley Williams.The Strategy of Equality: Redistribution and the Social Services. By Julian Le Grand.The Question of Separatism. By Jane Jacobs.Financing Devolution Within the United Kingdom: A Study of the Lessons from Failure. By David Heald.Anthony Eden. By David Carlton.Knowing Right from Wrong: The Insanity Defense of Daniel McNaughtan. By Richard Moran.Retreat from Power: Studies in Britain's Foreign Policy of the Twentieth Century. Volume One: 1906–1939. Volume Two: After 1939. Edited by David Dilks.Sadat. By David Hirst and Irene Beeson.Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. By Amartya Sen.An Evolutionary View of Economic Growth. By Ashok S. Guha.The European Transition from Oil: Societal Impacts and Constraints on Energy Policy. Edited by Gordon T. Goodman, Lars A. Kristoferson and Jack M. Hollander.The Global Politics of Arms Sales. By Andrew J. Pierre.From Dessalines to Duvalier. Race, Colour, and National Independence in Haiti. By David Nicholls.Mussolini. By Denis Mack Smith.Contemporary Terror: Studies in Sub‐state Violence. Edited by David Carlton and Carlo Schaerf.Revolt from the Center. By Niels Meyer, Helveg Petersen and Villy Sorensen.

Proposed US Arms Sales to Jordan

Proposed US Arms Sales to Jordan

Arms Sales: The New Diplomacy

Abstract : The recent heated debate over the sale of Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) planes and F-15 fighter components to Saudi Arabia was only one of a number of controversies involving U.S. arms sales. The next weapons transfer which will meet congressional resistance is that of F-16 fighters to Pakistan, a sale which some believe will give a renewed impetus to the arms race on the subcontinent and undermine nonproliferation efforts. Serious questions are also being raised about the wisdom of the planned sale of F-16s to Venezuela, thereby crossing a technological threshold which in the past has restrained the transfer of the most advanced fighter aircraft to Latin America. Proposed new arms supply relationships with Argentina, Chile, and Guatemala will draw the ire of those who are concerned about the dropping of past restrictions based upon these countries' human rights records. The Reagan Administration is faced with a tough decision regarding the sale of the FX fighter to Taiwan. Beijing has put Washington on notice that it considers the proposed sale as a litmus test of future Sino-American relations. But the same type of symbolism is attached to the sale by Taipei, which would view the failure to sell as a sign of abandonment. [Editor's note: the Reagan Administration announced on January 11, 1982, that it had decided not to sell the FX to Taiwan, but would instead permit additional sales of the F-5E.

France and the Arms Trade

HE characterisation of French arms sales as 'commercial pragmatism', a term applied to British policy, is only partially useful in explaining French behaviour. * * It captures little of the complexity or dynamism of the circumstances shaping French behaviour. No one factor but a nexus of three sets of differentiated but related factors must be relied upon to explain the scope and direction of French arms-sales policy and decisions. These include the exterior environment within which France acts, specifically the structure of global and regional security, and the efforts of successive French governments to influence and adapt themselves and the nation to that environment; the economic incentives, national and parochial, encouraging an open armstransfers policy; and the process by which politically authoritative decisions are made to produce and sell arms and know-how. Each of these levels of analysis provides a key to an understanding of French governmental action. None is alone sufficient to provide a fully satisfactory explanation. Moreover, the weightborne by each set of factors can be shown to have shifted during the course of time. If security and foreign-policy considerations predominated in the initial efforts after the Second World War to reconstruct France's defense industries, economic and internal-regime interests have progressively grown in importance. If arms sales are viewed from these three perspectives, and account is taken of the play of forces within each, it becomes clear that few activities permeate and penetrate French political and economic life more than the sale of military technology and arms-and few are more important. Distinguishing between foreign and domestic policy as the primary source of French conduct, therefore, has little or no relevance. Moreover, the guns or butter dichotomy, normally used by analysts to explain or condemn arms sales, has been transformed within the French context into an imperative of guns and butter. For most French within the government and bureaucracy concerned with arms sales, and many within the opposition, the security and foreign-policy functions of the government, on the one hand, and popular expectations of its

The Genesis of the Iranian revolution

The crisis in Iran that unfolded through late 1977 and 1978 is one of the most momentous events of the postwar world. It is momentous in its implications for the 36 million people of Iran. They have, by dint of sustained popular protest, and some of the largest demonstrations in history, forced the Shah to abandon his autocratic system of government and to flee into exile. Many of the problems that Iran faces, and which in part underlay the collapse of the Pahlavi regime, still persist, and some have been aggravated by the protracted turmoil necessary to unseat the stubborn king. But a hated system of political dictatorship has been ousted in a spectacular victory. The way is now open for a democratic government to set about using Iran's temporary oil wealth for the permanent and equitably distributed benefit of the country, free from the corruption, the wastage, and the bombastic and vacuous schemes on which the Shah and his associates spent their time. The fall of the Shah's regime is also of momentous importance for the whole population of the Middle East: especially so for those smaller countries that had, in recent years, fallen under the domination of Iran's Nixon-incited 'protection' and who, as in Oman and in the Baluchi areas of Pakistan, had been the victim of the Shah's expeditionary corps. All the petty tyrants of the Gulf who had looked to Tehran for long-run protection, and even the far from petty ruling family of Saudi Arabia, must now be stricken with alarm; and further afield, President Sadat, recipient of the Shah's political and financial support, is visibly shaken by the waves of protest from Iran. For the western economies the loss of 18 per cent OPEC output is something that can probably be recouped over time and a new republican regime in Iran will certainly have to sell some oil to the West once the present uncertainties cease. But what the western nations will not be able to recover is the position of strategic dominance in and through Iran which the Shah's militaristic and chauvinistic policies guaranteed. The CIA has lost its 11 electronic espionage ground stations along the 1,000 mile Iranian-Soviet border. The thousands of US military personnel, seconded and contracted by the Department of Defense, have left. The arms sales have slumped, and the new government, and even Carter himself, have now agreed that Iran will no longer be able to police the Gulf. The conservative rulers of the

The Foreign Arms Sales Policy of the Carter Administration

This paper makes the point that the Carter Administration is continuing the US policy of spreading militarization round the world, particularly in the Third World. During the Nixon and Ford Administrations, arms sales and transfers came to be used routinely as the quid pro quo in diplomacy. As a Presidential candidate, Carter pledged to reduce US involvement in the conventional arms trade. Nonetheless, within a year of his enunciating his ‘arms sales restraint’ policy in May 1977, the Administration proposed an end to the arms ban on Turkey, approved the sale of AWACs to Iran and 200 warplanes to the Mid-East, as well as a myriad of less controversial weapons deals. The dollar ceiling on arms sales, has been frequently circumvented. Despite the legislation requiring the cessation of military sales, loans and grants to countries in which there is a ‘consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights’, the Carter Administration continues to supply arms to many of the worst human rights offenders. And despite the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, the Administration has failed to act. It is extremely unlikely that any significant change will occur in the world arms trade despite President Carter's pronouncements against the ‘spiralling arms traffic’.

The foreign arms sales of the Carter administration

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsNicole BallNicole Ball is an independent researcher in Ithaca, New York.Milton LeitenbergMilton Leitenberg is a Research Associate at the Center for International Studies, Peace Studies Program, at Cornell University.

The Foreign Policy of Despair: Africa and the Sale of Arms to South Africa

The Foreign Policy of Despair: Africa and the Sale of Arms to South Africa

The Foreign Policy of Despair: Africa and the Sale of Arms to South Africa

The Foreign Policy of Despair: Africa and the Sale of Arms to South Africa

Washington: IPS: The Left-Leaning Think Tank

is axiomatic these days that Movement is dead. Liberalism and radicalism are becoming passe' and neo-conservatism is making an overwhelming philosophic debut. But this national development has had little influence on the Institute for Policy Studies, the left-leaning Washington think tank. IPSas demonstrated in its associates' papershas resisted the fashion; it continues to espouse such progressive causes as nuclear disarmament, limitation of arms sales, and community control of public capital. Such issues, hopes IPS's new chief, Robert Borosage, will play a leading role in resurrecting the flagging spirits of liberals and the left. IPS was formed in 1963 by Marcus Raskin, a graduate of the University of Chicago law school and aide to McGeorge Bundy, and by Richard Barnet, an aide to the State Department's John McCloy. The two men had seen government from the inside and concluded that the military dominated most of national policy making, and that to counter this influence the government needed independent advice. They arranged funding from Philip Stern, heir to the Sears fortune, and James Warburg of the international banking family. Once they had the money they were able to recruit several academic and

The Great Temptation: The Australian Government and the Sale of Arms to China During the Manchurian Crisis, 1931–33

The Great Temptation: The Australian Government and the Sale of Arms to China During the Manchurian Crisis, 1931–33

Nations at risk: A prediction of nations likely to be in war in the years 1974–1978∗

The paper was written in early 1975 and involves a prediction of which nations are most likely to be engaged in an international war in the immediate future. The Tensiometer method which utilizes a hyperbolic relationship between GNP/Capita and Military Expenditure per Capita was used. Nations which are over‐armed are 30.6 times more likely to be in a war than are the under‐armed nations. The over‐armed nations, which are named, represent the politically tense areas of the world to which diplomats should direct their attention and attempt to reduce the conflict. Policy recommendations arising out of the work are: Warsaw Pact countries should reduce their Military Expenditures/Capita so that their Tension Ratios would correspond with those of the European NATO countries before the Mutual and Balanced Forces Reduction talks begin to have effect. Bolivia and Peru stand at risk of war with another nation. There should be an agreement to stop the sale or gift of arms to the countries of the Middle East. The U....

Breeder, Arms Sales Are Targets of New Lobby Group

Breeder, Arms Sales Are Targets of New Lobby Group

Breeder, Arms Sales Are Targets of New Lobby Group

Breeder, Arms Sales Are Targets of New Lobby Group

Breeder, Arms Sales Are Targets of New Lobby Group

Breeder, Arms Sales Are Targets of New Lobby Group

The political economy of arms sales

With the United States leading the field, the weapons trade is growing spectacularly in quantity and quality; the prospect is for an ever-expanding volume and the heightened risk of war

Notes on the Diversion of Resources for Military Purposes in Developing Nations

In recent years there have been several requests by international agencies for data on three related questions: 1) statistics concerning the depletion of nonrenewable resources in the manufacture of arms, 2) statistics on the sale of arms from developed to developing countries, 3) the proportion of arms exports in relation to total exports and aid to the developing countries. The following pages are not meant to provide the data on these questions, but only to serve as a guide to resource materials.':

Political Economy of U.S. Arms Sales

Political Economy of U.S. Arms Sales

Notice of Other Documents

The report issued by the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, in January 1975, concerns arms expenditures and sales made between 1963 and 1973. The 123-page document is composed mostly of two major parts: a country-by-country breakdown of arms trade for each of the years studied and a study contrasting each country's yearly military expenditures with its G.N.P., population size, and armed forces. The report (U.S. A.CD.A. Publication 74) may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 for $2. Persons ordering from abroad (other than Canada and Mexico) should add 25 percent to the price to cover shipping charges.