Arm Flexion Research Articles

Effect of suspension training intervention on the balance ability of juvenile deaf-mute patients

Maintaining balance is essential for daily activities; deficits in hearing-impaired adolescents can severely impact their academics and daily life. Suspension training is employed to enhance the coordination of multiple muscle groups within the body and ultimately to improve balance. A total of 105 students with non-genetic hearing impairments, comprising 65 boys and 40 girls, participated in the study. Balance training using the TRS suspension belt included exercises such as prone elbow brace, supine back brace, kneeling elbow brace, lateral elbow brace, prone hip flexion, and supine hip lift. Strength training using equipment involved exercises like single-leg suspension squat, flying bird brace, supine suspension arm flexion, seated static brace, and standing butterfly pinch chest. The main outcome measures included static balance tests (lambda footwork, Wolfson postural stress test), dynamic balance tests (functional forward reach test, balance beam walk test), and vestibule function tests (rotation-walk test). The results of the lambda footwork and Wolfson postural stress tests revealed highly significant differences between 8 weeks and 16 weeks of intervention (p < 0.01). The Functional Forward Stretch test demonstrated a significant difference between 8 weeks of intervention and 2 weeks of intervention at 16 weeks (p < 0.05). The balance beam walking test indicated a significant improvement at 8 weeks (p < 0.05) and a highly significant improvement at 16 weeks (p < 0.01). In the spin-walk test, no statistically significant differences were observed between the pre-experimental test, the 8-week intervention, and the 16-week intervention (p > 0.05). Leveraging the expropriation system to mediate skeletal muscle movement and muscle contraction coordination can improve balance. Suspension training significantly improved balance during activities requiring static non-interference maintenance. However, suspension training did not demonstrate a significant effect on improving vestibule function. Overall, suspension training was effective in enhancing balance in all patients with non-hereditary deafness.

The dynamics of indicators of power abilities development in 16-17-year-old boys

The purpose of the research: to reveal changes in indicators of power abilities development in 16-17-year-old boys. Material and methods of the research. The research was carried out based on “Housing and Municipal Professional College of O.M. Beketov Kharkiv National University of Urban Economy”. There were examined 26 students of the 1st and 2nd courses. The level of strength development was determined by three indicators: strength of the shoulder girdle muscles, strength of the abdominal muscles and strength of the hip flexors. The level of development of muscle strength of a shoulder girdle was investigated by means of the motor test “Flexion and extension of arms in a lying down support” (number of times); the level of development of strength of abdominal muscles was investigated by means of the test “Lifting a trunk sitting from a starting position lying on a back for 30 s” (number of times); strength of muscles-flexors of a hip joint and muscles of an abdominal press by means of the test “Holding of legs in a lying position” (s). Results of the research. The initial level of strength development was determined, changes of the obtained indicators were traced, and the analysis in the age aspect was carried out. Conclusions. Boys’ strength development was found to be below average at the beginning of the year. It was determined that the indicators of 17-year-old boys are significantly higher than those of 16-year-old boys. At the end of the year, the level of 16-year-old boys increased from below average to average, while 17-year-old boys showed no significant changes. By age, the trend of differences didn’t change significantly, with a more significant increase in results among boys aged 17.

A coactivation strategy in anticipatory postural adjustments during voluntary unilateral arm movement while standing in individuals with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy

Individuals with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP) reportedly has problems with anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) while standing. However, the use of coactivation strategy in APAs in individuals with BSCP has conflicting evidence. Hence, this study aimed to investigate postural muscle activities in BSCP during unilateral arm flexion task in which postural perturbations occur in the sagittal, frontal, and horizontal planes. We included 10 individuals with BSCP with level II on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (BSCP group) and 10 individuals without disability (control group). The participants stood on a force platform and rapidly flexed a shoulder from 0° to 90° at their own timing. Surface electromyograms were recorded from the rectus femoris, medial hamstring, tibialis anterior, and medial gastrocnemius. The control group showed a mixture of anticipatory activation and inhibition of postural muscles, whereas the BSCP group predominantly exhibited anticipatory activation with slight anticipatory inhibition. Compared with the control group, the BSCP group tended to activate the ipsilateral and contralateral postural muscles and the agonist–antagonist muscle pairs. The BSCP group had a larger disturbance in postural equilibrium, quantified by the peak displacement of center of pressure during the unilateral arm flexion, than those without disability. Individuals with BSCP may use coactivation strategy, mainly the anticipatory activation of postural muscle activity, during a task that requires a selective postural muscle activity to maintain stable posture.

A Comparative Study between Ultrasound Guided Interscalene and Ultrasound Guided Suprascapular Nerve Blocks in Postoperative Pain and Hand Motor Power Affection in Shoulder Scope Surgeries

Abstract Background Interscalene approach of brachial plexus nerve block is recognized as the gold standard technique for postoperative pain control after shoulder scope surgeries. However, it is associated with major adverse effects and patient discomfort due to paralysis of the hand muscles. The suprascapular nerve block is considered to be a safe and effective alternative to interscalene nerve block for shoulder surgery without affecting the motor function of the hand muscles and other serious complications of interscalene nerve block, especially in ambulatory surgery. Aim of the work The aim of this study is to compare interscalene and suprascapular nerve block in terms of postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and hand grip strength in shoulderscopic surgeries. Patients and Methods This prospective, randomized trial was done in Ain Shams University Hospitals. A sample of 50 patients; 25 patients in each group, namely Group ISB (interscalene approach of brachial plexus block) and Group SSNB (suprascapular nerve block). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess Shoulder pain at rest and upon flexion in the first 24 hours. The degree of hand motor power affection, the total amount of opioids used as rescue analgesia, and the incidence of complications were also recorded. Results The findings revealed no statistically significant difference between groups (p-value > 0.05) in pain control all over the 24 hours by VAS score at rest and at arm flexion. SSNB received a larger total narcotic dose (60±26.02) mg of pethidine than ISB (52±22.73). However, there was no statistical difference between them throughout the 24 hours regarding total narcotic consumption and 1st time for pethidine administration. The ISB group showed a statistically significant reduction in the hand power grip strength postoperatively (83.68±4.75 %). Conclusions The results of the present study favour SSNB as the first choice of pain control after shoulderscopic surgeries for a patient scheduled for early home discharge because of the complete recovery of the hand muscles’ motor power.

456 Arm Flexion to Overcome Gaps for Primary Radial Nerve Repair: An Anatomic Study

INTRODUCTION: It is now well known that direct nerve repairs fare better than grafted nerve repairs. There is currently renewed interest in direct repair of nerves achieved by limb flexion followed by serial distraction as it is the least morbid and most easily implemented surgical technique to provide extra nerve excursion. This is especially simple in the upper extremity, which can be easily immobilized post-operatively in a sling. METHODS: Four fresh and 11 fixed cadaver arms with shoulder intact were dissected to determine the relationship between degrees of EF (ranged from 0-90 degrees EF) and nerve gap length overcome with proximal excursion of the distal nerve. Additional excursion from brachialis branch neurectomy was also assessed. RESULTS: We found an approximately linear relationship between EF and RN excursion. Compliance of fresh cadaveric nerves more closely approximated that of surgical tissue. In fresh cadavers, there was 3mm of RN excursion per 10 degrees EF in the proximal half of the arm, and 4 mm excursion per 10 degrees EF with neurectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Elbow flexion can significantly augment the ability to achieve an end-to-end repair of the RN. To simplify our findings, 90-degree EF should readily overcome a RN gap of 3.5 cm, and additional brachialis neurectomy allows for total RN excursion of 4.7 cm on average in the proximal arm with 90-degrees EF. Given nerve regeneration rates of 1-2 mm/day, we recommend 14-27 days prior to full elbow extension from a RN repair performed with 90-degree EF without neurectomy, and 18-36 days for repair at 90-degree EF with neurectomy.

Multi-sensor fusion based optimized deep convolutional neural network for boxing punch activity recognition

Recent advancements in deep learning have significantly enhanced the recognition of player activities in sports by enabling automatic feature extraction. In our proposed work, we focus on recognizing six distinct punches in the context of boxing. We incorporate the sliding window technique during the pre-processing stage to transform the time-series data obtained from Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors in a boxing punch activity recognition system. Our approach influences a sensor fusion-based Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) classification model to identify various boxing punches accurately, achieving an impressive F1 score. The system demonstrates proficiency in distinguishing similar activities, such as jab and hook punches where the existing systems made misclassifications due to subtle variations in arm flexion that differentiate the two. Through experimentation, we identify an optimal window size for boxing punch activity recognition, which falls within the range of 15–20 frames (equivalent to 0.15–0.25 s). This window size selection results in a notable reduction in inference time. To evaluate our proposed model, we conduct comparisons with a standard DCNN and an optimized DCNN model. Our proposed optimized DCNN model demonstrates enhanced recognition accuracy, achieving an impressive 99%, coupled with an improved F1 score of 87%. Furthermore, the model displays a remarkable reduction in inference time, clocking in at less than 1 ms. Overall, our research contributes to the field of sports-related player activity recognition by employing the power of deep learning. By expertly combining these techniques, we achieve remarkable accuracy, precision, and efficiency in recognizing various boxing punches.

Вплив занять оздоровчої аеробіки із використанням вправ з єдиноборств на фізичну підготовленість студенток

Purpose: to study the influence of recreational aerobics classes using exercises from various types of martial arts on the level of physical fitness of female students. Material and methods. The following methods were used to achieve the aim of the study: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical experiment, method of control exercises (testing), pedagogical observation, methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 1st and 2nd year female students (n=42) attending health aerobics classes. The students were divided into experimental (n=21) and control groups (n=21). Results: the comparison of physical qualities at the beginning of the experiment shows the lack of reliability of differences between them (p>0,05). In the course of the experiment the peculiarities of the methodology of conducting classes in health- improving aerobics were studied. The content of classes for female students was developed with the inclusion of exercises from different types of martial arts. The content included special imitation exercises (hook, jab, uppercut, etc.) and additional equipment from different types of martial arts (boxing, Thai boxing, kickboxing). Classes were held three times a week and lasted 60 minutes. At each lesson, a combination of 64 exercises was learned. The introduction of imitation exercises from different types of martial arts into the health aerobics classes had a positive effect on the results of the repeated testing of female students of the experimental group. At the end of the experiment in exercises of flexion and extension of arms in a lying down support, torso tilt forward from a sitting position and torso raising in a sit for 1 min. the results changed statistically significantly (p<0,001). This can be explained by the fact that martial arts exercises contribute to the development of strength abilities to the greatest extent, and exercises in health aerobics have a significant impact on the development of flexibility. The results in shuttle run 4×9 m, 100 m run and long jump from a place did not undergo significant changes (p>0,05), though there is a small tendency to positive changes. Conclusions. It is established that the use of imitation exercises from different types of martial arts in classes on health-improving aerobics, directed not only on the development of aerobic abilities, but also on mastering and improvement of techniques of movements from boxing, kickboxing and Thai boxing, positively influences the development of physical qualities of female students. It was found that as a result of attending classes, female students had a significant improvement in flexibility and strength of the arms and abdominal press (p<0,001). Indicators of coordination, speed, power and speed abilities also increased, but these changes are not significant (p>0,05). Keywords: health-improving aerobics, martial arts, physical fitness, exercises, complex, imitation, motor abilities.

Early detection and rehabilitation in Erb-Duchenne paralysis before age 1 year: A Case Report From Lusaka Zambia

Erb-Duchenne paralysis is a neurological condition characterized by paralysis of the arm which occurs due to injury of the upper trunk of C5-C6 of the brachial plexus and can lead to disturbances in movement and sensation. Erb-Duchenne paralysis commonly presents with a “Waiter’s Tip” deformity characterized by elbow extension, medial rotation of the arm, forearm pronation, and wrist flexion. Management of Erb-Duchenne paralysis may involve strengthening exercises, range of motion exercises, manual therapy, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. However, in most cases, the diagnosis of Erb-Duchenne paralysis is not detected early enough for rehabilitation outcomes to be maximized. We herein report a case of a 6-months old child who had Erb-Duchenne paralysis in the left upper limb. The aim of this case report is to highlight the importance of early detection and rehabilitation of Erb-Duchenne paralysis. Furthermore, the report also discusses the physiotherapy techniques that can be used to optimize outcomes.

Limb-specific isometric and isokinetic strength in adults: The potential role of regional bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle

Background & AimsIt is not yet known whether regional bioelectrical impedance (BIA) phase angle (PhA) may be informative of different types of strength performed by the lower and upper limbs, independently of lean soft tissue mass (LSTM). Using a sample of healthy adults, we aimed to examine the association and relevance of regional PhA relative to isometric and isokinetic strength of each limb. MethodsA total of 57 participants (32.7±12.9 years; 24.7±3.5 kg/m2) were included in the present investigation. Regional raw BIA variables were determined using a phase-sensitive BIA device. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate LSTM. Absolute isometric and isokinetic (i.e., 60º/s and 180º/s) strength of each limb (extension and flexion) was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer and used to calculate relative strength. ResultsIn absolute strength, only dominant leg PhA was associated with isometric extension strength (β=0.283) and isokinetic 180º/s flexion strength (β=0.354), regardless of LSTM (p<0.05). In relative strength, a significant association of regional PhA was found for dominant arm flexion isometric strength (β=0.336), and non-dominant arm and dominant leg extension isometric strength (β=0.377, β=0.565, respectively; p<0.05), independently of LSTM. Similarly, for isokinetic 180º/s strength, regional PhA significantly explained the variance in the relative strength of both arms and dominant leg (β=0.350 to 0.506), regardless of LSTM (p<0.05). Relative isokinetic 60º/s strength was not consistently associated with regional PhA (p≥0.05). ConclusionsRegional PhA significantly explained relative (isometric and 180º/s isokinetic strength of both arms and dominant leg), but not absolute muscle strength, independently of regional LSTM. Thus, after accounting for body size, regional PhA seems to have its own characteristics that explain relative strength independently of LSTM.

Feasibility of Shoulder Kinematics Assessment Using Magnetic Inertial Measurement Units in Hemiplegic Patients after Stroke: A Pilot Study

Scapulothoracic movements are altered after stroke, with resulting shoulder dysfunction. The scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR) is complex and poorly studied. Magnetic inertial measurement units (MIMUs) allow a rapid and accurate analysis of shoulder kinematics. MIMUs were used to assess the SHR during active shoulder flexion and abduction of over 60°. SHR values obtained from the hemiplegic shoulders of stroke patients (n = 7) were compared with those from healthy controls (n = 25) and correlated with clinical–functional measurements. The impairment of paretic arms was assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). We found that in paretic shoulders, the scapular tilt was significantly lower at maximal arm flexion and at 60° and 90° of arm abduction. On the paretic side, the SHR was also consistently lower for all measured arm movements. The FMA was correlated with the scapular anterior–posterior tilt at 60° and 90° of shoulder abduction (Rho = 0.847, p = 0.016, and Rho = 0.757, p = 0.049, respectively). This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of MIMUs in assessing SHR in stroke patients and confirms previous findings on scapular dysfunction in stroke patients.

Ergonomic learning curves on gynecological laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery

BackgroundFew previous studies have introduced general techniques to overcome the “chopstick effect” in laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS). We aim to investigate and highlight the key ergonomic methodologies for gynaecologic LESS based on the surgeon’s hands-on performance.MethodsThe first author surgeon A reviewed and analyzed the LESS procedures performed by herself and how she taught surgeon B from January 2021 to April 2022. The procedures were classified based on technical difficulty and learning periods, and the hands-on technical skills of LESS module were evaluated.ResultsSurgeon A conducted 580 LESS procedures, which were divided into the novice (n = 48) and intermediate (n = 33) periods, and the remaining cases were included in the routine period. We formed a special ergonomic LESS operating methodology: Maintain good LESS laparoscopic spatial sensation, keep hand-eye coordination, well cooperation between the main surgeon and the assistant; Experienced multiport laparoscopy surgery (MPS) skills, improve basic LESS technique: grasp, lift, transfer, place, blunt separating, coagulation and cutting. Coordination location, orientation, movements, and flexion or extension of shoulders, arms, elbow, wrist and finger joints; Maintain strength, tension and ambidexterity postures with joint and muscular efforts to control instruments. Surgeon B learned the above experiences by performing 39 LESS procedures under the guidance of surgeon A.ConclusionThis educational research sheds light on the common challenges faced in LESS and presents the importance of ergonomic hands-on performance skills in improving surgical outcomes, which could serve as a guide for future training and education in LESS.

Shoulder Tendinopathies and Occupational Biomechanical Overload: A Critical Appraisal of Available Evidence.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to biomechanical risk factors and shoulder tendinopathies. We updated recent systematic reviews about specific shoulder disorders and work-related risk factors. MEDLINE was searched up to September 2022. Studies satisfying the following criteria were included: i) the diagnosis was based on physical examination plus imaging data (when available), and ii) the exposure assessment was based on video analysis and/or directly measured. Five studies met the inclusion criteria: three cross-sectional studies identified from published systematic reviews and two cohort studies retrieved from the update. Two studies investigated shoulder tendinitis, one supraspinatus tendinitis, and the other two rotator cuff syndrome. The diagnosis was based on physical examination, not supported by imaging techniques for all the included studies. In four out of five studies, the exposure was assessed by experienced ergonomists with the support of video recordings. In two studies, the exposure assessment was further supplemented by force gauge measurements or direct measurements of upper arm elevation. Only the combined exposure of working with arms above shoulder level with forceful hand exertion appears to be associated with rotator cuff syndrome: i) a cohort study reported an HR=1.11 (95%CI 1.01-1.22) for each unit increase in forceful repetition rate when the upper arm is flexed ≥45° for ≥29% of the working time; and ii) a cross-sectional study showed an OR=2.43 (95%CI 1.04-5.68) for the combination of upper arm flexion ≥45° for more than 15% of the time with a duty cycle of forceful exertions more than 9% of the time. There is moderate evidence of a causal association between shoulder tendinopathy and combined exposures of working above shoulder level with forceful hand exertion. The evidence is insufficient for any single biomechanical exposure on its own. High-quality cohort studies with direct exposure measures and objective diagnostic criteria are needed. The occupational origin of shoulder tendinopathies is still an open question that must be properly answered.

A comparative study between ultrasound-guided interscalene and ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve blocks in postoperative pain and hand motor power affection in shoulder scope surgeries

BackgroundInterscalene approach for brachial plexus block is recognized as the gold standard technique for postoperative pain control after shoulder scope surgeries. However, it is associated with major adverse effects and patient discomfort due to paralysis of the hand muscles. The suprascapular nerve block is considered to be a safe and effective alternative to interscalene nerve block for shoulder surgery without affecting the motor function of the hand muscles and other serious complications of interscalene nerve block, especially in ambulatory surgery.The aim of this study is to compare interscalene and suprascapular nerve block in terms of postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and hand grip strength in shoulderscopic surgeries.This prospective, randomized trial was done in Ain Shams University Hospitals. A sample of 50 patients was divided into two groups; 25 patients in each group, namely Group ISB (interscalene approach of brachial plexus block) and Group SSNB (suprascapular nerve block). Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess shoulder pain at rest and upon flexion in the first 24 h. The degree of hand motor power affection, the total amount of opioids used as rescue analgesia, and the incidence of complications were also recorded.ResultsThe findings revealed no statistically significant difference between groups (P-value > 0.05) in pain control all over the 24 h by VAS score at rest and at arm flexion. SSNB received a larger total narcotic dose (60 ± 26.02) mg of pethidine than ISB (52 ± 22.73). However, there was no statistical difference between them throughout the 24 h regarding total narcotic consumption and 1st time for pethidine administration. The ISB group showed a statistically significant reduction in the hand power grip strength postoperatively (83.68 ± 4.75%).ConclusionsThe results of the present study favor SSNB as the first choice of pain control after shoulderscopic surgeries for a patient scheduled for early home discharge because of the complete recovery of the hand muscles’ motor power.Trial registrationThis study was registered on PACTR (www.pactr.org) database; identification number for the registry is PACTR202201840526231.

Eccentric exercise 24 h prior to hypobaric decompression increases decompression strain

PurposeAnimal studies have shown that recent musculoskeletal injuries increase the risk of decompression sickness (DCS). However, to date no similar experimental study has been performed in humans. The aim was to investigate if exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD)—as provoked by eccentric work and characterized by reduced strength and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)—leads to increased formation of venous gas emboli (VGE) during subsequent hypobaric exposure.MethodsEach subject (n = 13) was on two occasions exposed to a simulated altitude of 24,000 ft for 90 min, whilst breathing oxygen. Twenty-four hours prior to one of the altitude exposures, each subject performed 15 min of eccentric arm-crank exercise. Markers of EIMD were reduction in isometric m. biceps brachii strength and DOMS as assessed on the Borg CR10 pain scale. The presence of VGE was measured in the right cardiac ventricle using ultrasound, with measurements performed at rest and after three leg kicks and three arm flexions. The degree of VGE was evaluated using the six-graded Eftedal–Brubakk scale and the Kisman integrated severity score (KISS).ResultsEccentric exercise induced DOMS (median 6.5), reduced the biceps brachii strength (from 230 ± 62 N to 151 ± 8.8 N) and increased the mean KISS at 24,000 ft, both at rest (from 1.2 ± 2.3 to 6.9 ± 9.2, p = 0.01) and after arm flexions (from 3.8 ± 6.2 to 15.5 ± 17.3, p = 0.029).ConclusionEIMD, induced by eccentric work, provokes release of VGE in response to acute decompression.

THE EFFECTS OF NEUROTICISM ON APPROACH-AVOIDANCE-RELATED MOTOR BEHAVIOR

In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether positive emotional stimuli may affect high and low neuroticism individuals’ maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) level of the biceps brachii muscle, which is considered a motor representation of approach behavior. The sample consisted of 36 right-handed individuals (12 females) ranging in age from 18 to 27 (M= 23.516 [2.120]). Participants completed items from the Big Five Factor Personality Inventory concerning Neuroticism. After completing the psychometric test, we exposed participants to the high valance low arousal pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) via Biotrace+ software during the execution of arm flexions. Participants made 2 MVC attempts for each experimental condition lasting 6 seconds and rested 3 minutes between MVC attempts to eliminate the effect of fatigue. Results of Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the percent change of MVC was positively associated with neuroticism (r= .368, p&lt; .05). The results also showed that the percent change of MVC of the high neuroticism group was significantly greater than the percent change of the low neuroticism group [t(36)= -2.449, p= .020]. Results provided some support for our hypothesis. Hence the data demonstrated that positive emotional stimuli decreased the MVC of the biceps brachii muscle in individuals with low neuroticism. On the contrary, MVC levels of high neuroticism individuals remained almost stable in response to positive emotional stimuli.

Design and Verification of Lockable Upper-Limb Exoskeleton Based on Jamming and Engagement Mechanisms

This letter presents a lockable upper-limb exoskeleton to reduce the physical fatigue of laborers/surgeons operating with upper limbs maintaining fixed posture for long time. A novel structure design integrating the jamming and engagement mechanisms that can provide locking of flexion and adduction movements of upper arm without affecting the motion space is proposed. An air-pressure waist bag with a voice control interface is developed, giving good portability and user convenience to the exoskeleton. The system is validated in experiments, indicating a locking torque as large as 6 Nm with 3.5 bar air pressure. Locking and unlocking settling times of the jamming mechanism are 0.09 s and 0.10 s, meaning nearly no delay can be felt by users for the switching. Moreover, surface electromyography (EMG) signal tests demonstrate that the proposed exoskeleton can significantly reduce muscle activation of randomly selected subjects by 25%--73%. Compared with commercially-available passive exoskeletons, proposed system has a lower weight, much larger and adjustable locking torque owing to the specially designed jamming mechanism. The exoskeleton presents good compliance, great flexibility, and hands free human-machine interface, showing good potential for physical fatigue reduction of laborers/surgeons over long-term operations.

High flexibility and wide sensing range human health monitoring sensors based on Ti3C2Tx MXene/CNTs/WPU/CNFs composite ink film

The traditional wearable sensor has the problem of insufficient sensing coefficient and sensing range. In order to solve these problems, this paper innovatively prepared CNTs and MXene monodisperse waterborne slurry mixed with waterborne thermoplastic polyurethane and nanocellulose to prepare composite ink. The monodisperse CNTs and MXene have good conductive network construction ability, so that when the content of CNTs and MXene in the ink is as low as 0.08%, a stable sensing conductive network can still be formed (conductivity 127s/cm). The low addition of nanomaterials are cost saving along with the influence in conductivity which made the experiment to implement the bonding strength and viscous attributes of the inkjet in printing. The mechanical properties of the composite ink film sensor assembled by ink and medical fabric can be carried out by digital spraying printing technology. The results show that the sensitivity of the MXene/CNTs/WPU/CNFs ink sensor in the tensile test is up to 43.61, and the sensor resistance still shows a linear change under the strain of 0–89%. At the same time, after 2100 fatigue tests, the sensor resistance change remains stable. Finally, the MXene/CNTs/WPU/CNFs ink sensor has also been successful in human monitoring. From monitoring small changes such as finger bending and cervical spine bending to monitoring large movements such as arm flexion and knee bending, the corresponding electrical response can be obtained in time respectively. Therefore, the MXene/CNTs/WPU/CNFs ink sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivity, real-time monitoring and recording, which shows that the research has broad application prospects in the future development.

Wearable LIG Flexible Stress Sensor Based on Spider Web Bionic Structure

Bionic structures are widely used in scientific research. Through the observation and study of natural biological structure, it is found that spider web structure is composed of many radial silk lines protruding from the center and spiral silk lines surrounding the center. It has high stability and high sensitivity, and is especially suitable for the production of sensors. In this study, a flexible graphene sensor based on a spider web bionic structure is reported. Graphene, with its excellent mechanical properties and high electrical conductivity, is an ideal material for making sensors. In this paper, laser-induced graphene (LIG) is used as a sensing material to make a spider web structure, which is encapsulated onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate to make a spider web structured graphene flexible strain sensor. The study found that the stress generated by the sensor of the spider web structure in the process of stretching and torsion can be evenly distributed in the spider web structure, which has excellent resonance ability, and the overall structure shows good structural robustness. In the experimental test, it is shown that the flexible stress sensor with spider web structure achieves high sensitivity (GF is 36.8), wide working range (0–35%), low hysteresis (260 ms), high repeatability and stability, and has long-term durability. In addition, the manufacturing process of the whole sensor is simple and convenient, and the manufactured sensor is economical and durable. It shows excellent stability in finger flexion and extension, fist clenching, and arm flexion and extension applications. This shows that the sensor can be widely used in wearable sensing devices and the detection of human biological signals. Finally, it has certain development potential in the practical application of medical health, motion detection, human-computer interaction and other fields.

The Effect of the Practical Strategy on the Acquisition of Some Physical Attributes

The study aimed to identify the effect of practical strategy on the acquisition of some physical attributes with the students of the faculty of physical education at Yarmouk University. The experimental curriculum was used. The sample consisted of 30 students of the faculty of Physical Education who were randomly chosen at Yarmouk University during the first semester of the university academic year 2021/2022. They were distributed over two equal groups after applying the tests on the elements of the method (flexibility test, agility test, arm flexion test, medical ball throws test, stability jump test, and 30-meter running test). Then the sample was redistributed into an experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15). To ensure the parity of the groups in the pre-measurement of the physical fitness elements in the physical education class, the researchers used the statistical significance of the SPSS program and carried out the required statistical processing after collecting the data: Means (M's), Standard deviations (SD's) of the pre-measurement, Independent sample T-Test to the age variable, and the pre-tests. The results showed an effect of the practical strategy on improving the physical fitness traits, and statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group. The researchers recommended applying the practical strategy during the teaching of physical education.

Comparison of physical and motoric characteristics of totally visually impaired and low vision individual

The purpose of this study is to compare the physical and motor characteristics of individuals with total visual impairment (TVI) and individuals with low vision (LVI). 250 participants (136 participants=TVI, 114 participants=LVI) bettween the age 10-19 participated in the study. Participants’ anthropometric features (age, height, weight, and BMI), balance, sitting reach, standing long jump, shuttle run, vertical jump, shuttle, hanging with bent arm, and handgrip strength were measured. Dr. Lovett's manual muscle strength measurement (MMSM) was used to determine the strength parameters. The strength of arm flexion strenght (FS), arm extension strenght (ES), leg FS, leg ES, hip FS, hip ES, back and abdominal strenght were measured. For statistical analysis the SPSS 25 was used. Therefore, Independent Sample T Test was used to determine the difference between the two groups. As a result of the statistical analyzes, a significant difference was found between TVI and LVI in balance, sit and reach, standing long jump, shuttle run, vertical jump, shuttle, handgrip strength, abdominal strength, back strength, hip FS, arm FS, and arm ES (p&lt;0.05). LVI's motoric properties were better than TVI. There was no difference between groups in bent arm hanging (BAH), hip ES, leg FS and leg ES (p&gt;0.05). As a result of the study, it was found that the degree of vision significantly affects physical and motor development. TVI develop slower than LVI in terms of physical and motor characteristics. This study was conducted to reveal the difference in motor characteristics between TVI and LVI. According to the results of this study; In order to prevent insufficient physical and motor development in TVI individuals in developmental age, it is recommended to be supported with sportive activities. The development of TVI individuals should be followed from early childhood and appropriate strategies should be developed.