Arka Anoop Research Articles

Assessment of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes for Yield Traits

The study was conducted at Amritsar and Tarn Taran districts of Punjab to find out the status of French bean cultivation. At district Amritsar, it is cultivated in various blocks namely Jandiala, Attari, Majitha and Verka while in district Tarn Taran, this crop is mainly cultivated in block Khadoor Sahib. The total area under this crop in both districts was around 460 ha. The main varieties grown in both districts include pencil type bean i.e. Falguni, Aishwarya and Anushka. Farmers were obtaining a profit of Rs 20,000/to 32,000/per ha by cultivation of this crop at both of districts. In other experiment various genotypes of French bean were evaluated for yield and its contributing traits at district Amritsar and Tarn Taran during 2020–2021. The genotypes Arka Anoop, Arka Sharat and Falguni showed highest yield and its contributing traits like germination days, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to first picking and number of pods per plant. These genotypes were suitable for cultivation.

Identification of Source of Resistance to Horse Gram Yellow Mosaic Disease (HgYMD) in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Background: Horse gram yellow mosaic disease (HgYMD) is one of the major limiting factor for legumes production in India as it can cause economic loss up to 100%. Till date, horse gram yellow mosaic virus was rare to infect french bean, but now-a-days, it has become the major causal agent for yellow mosaic epidemics in the southern part of India. Few bush type varieties, resistant to yellow mosaic disease are released but not specifically resistant to HgYMD. So, systemic breeding work has been initiated to identify the resistant source for HgYMD in french bean. Methods: Seventyone genotypes of french bean were screened in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under natural epiphytotic as well as artificial condition during Summer, 2018 at ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru, India. Result: The genotypes varied for percent disease index (PDI), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and the apparent rate of infection per unit time period (r). Two varieties i.e., Jade-5058 and Arka Arjun were showing less PDI of 13.33 and 14.44, least average rate of infection of 0.64 and 0.65 and lowest AUDPC value of 350.54 and 359.16 respectively, compared to other genotypes. Average PDI of Arka Arjun and Jade-5058 were 13.33 and 12.22 under artificial screening, which were much lesser than susceptible check Arka Komal (PDI 92.22) and Arka Anoop (PDI 90.00). Resistant genotypes identified from this experiment can be used for breeding HgYMD resistant french bean lines.

Stability of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes under diverse environments

The present investigation was undertaken to ascertain stable genotypes across six environments. Twenty five genotypes of French bean were evaluated for yield and quality traits in three different locations of Punjab during 2017–18. The stability of genotypes was worked out by using Eberhart and Russel (1966) and GGE biplot models. Highly significant mean squares for environments and genotype × environment interaction were recorded for all the traits except for protein content. The linear component of genotype × environment interaction was significant for all the characters under study. The highest green pod yield per plant was observed in genotype Arka Suvidha followed by Arka Anoop, Falguni, Arka Sharath and FB-3-16 which produced significantly more green pod yield than check Contender. Genotype FB VAR-5 was identified suitable for favorable environments and genotypes Arka Sharath, Arka Suvidha, Falguni, FB 2-16 and Swarna Priya were found promising for unfavorable environments. The genotype Arka Anoop was stable in all environments. In terms of environments KVK, Sangrur 2017 was more informative. The dry matter of genotype Contender was high while genotypes Arka Suvidha, Arka Anoop and Falguni produced highest protein content. All the environments were positively correlated for yield traits, which meant that same information about the genotypes could be obtained from fewer test environments, and hence depicting the potential to reduce testing cost by dropping one of them.

Genotype x environment interaction for seed yield and related traits in french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Twenty five genotypes of French bean were evaluated at three different locations of Punjab viz., PAU Ludhiana; USF, Usman, Tarn Taran, and KVK, Kheri, Sangrur during spring seasons of 2017 and 2018. The mean squares for genotypes were highly significant for all the characters under study. Highly significant mean squares for environments and genotype x environment interaction were recorded for all the characters. The linear component of genotype x environment interaction was also significant for all the traits. The highest green pod yield was recorded in genotype Arka Suvidha followed by Arka Anoop, Falguni, Arka Sharath and FB-3-16 which produced significantly higher green pod yield than check Contender. The genotypes Arka Suvidha, Arka Anoop, Arka Sharath and Contender responded better under favorable environments, while genotype FBK-2 was better under unfavorable environments for seed yield per plant.

Stability analysis in french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes using gge biplot technique

The present study was conducted involving 25 genotypes of French bean evaluated across three locations of Punjab viz. PAU, Ludhiana, USF, Usman, Tarn Taran and KVK, Kheri Sangrur during two crop seasons 2017 and 2018 with the objective to identify stable genotypes and genotype x environment interaction using GGE biplot analysis for green pod yield per plant and related traits. All the environments were positively correlated (an acute angle) which suggested that these environments were similar for discriminating genotypes. The environment E3 (KVK, Sangrur 2017) was most representative for green pod yield per plant. The genotype Arka Suvidha recorded highest green pod yield per plant followed by Arka Anoop, Falguni, Arka Sharath and FB-3-16, while the genotype FB-3-14 recorded lowest green pod yield per plant. The genotype Contender was highly unstable because its yield varied in different environments. Based on this study, the genotypes Arka Suvidha, Arka Anoop, Arka Sharath and Falguni can be recommended for commercial cultivation.

Root architecture and rhizobial inoculation in relation to drought stress response in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris l.)

The present study was aimed at assessing the root traits and rhizobial inoculation in relation to drought in common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. Drought caused the largest decrease in shoot biomass followed by plant height, while an increase was recorded inroot/shoot ratio. Rhizobial inoculation caused largest increase in shoot biomass followed by root volume and root biomass and smallest increase in rooting depth. WB-216 and WB-185 had better rooting depth in all treatments. However, WB-83 (92.67) had highest rooting depth under irrigated conditions and SR-1 had highest rooting depth under irrigated conditions treated with rhizobium (108.50). Similarly, WB-216 had highest root/shoot ratio under drought (2.693) followed by WB-185 (1.285) while lowest value was recorded for Arka Anoop (0.373). In rhizobium treated drought condition, WB-216 recorded highest root/shoot ratio (5.540) followed by SFB-1 (1.967). Under irrigated conditions (both with and without rhizobium), WB-185 recorded highest root/shoot ratio while lowest was recorded for SR-1 (0.166). The mean squares due to root depth, root biomass and root volume were significant whereas the mean squares due to water and rhizobium were non-significant. Among interactions the genotype x water regime was significant for rooting depth (5 % level), genotype x rhizobia was significant for rooting depth and root volume (1 % level) and the interaction of genotype x water regime x rhizobium was significant for rooting depth, root biomass and root volume (1 % level). The results reinforce the need to further analyse the potential of other soil microbes in common bean rhizosphere in amelioration of the effects of water stress.

Natural variation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for root traitsand biomass partitioning under drought

The present study was undertaken to assess the response of common bean under drought in respect of root traits and biomass partitioning in fifteen common bean genotypes. The basal root whorl number and the number of basal roots was highest in case of WB-185 and lowest in case of SR-1, whereas, the basal root growth angle was highest in case of WB-258 and lowest in case of WB-249. Rooting depth measured as the length of longest root harvested was highest in case of WB-6 (66.2) while as lowest value was recorded for WB-112 (20.4). Dry root weight was highest in case of WB-216 (0.45) and lowest value was recorded for WB-341 (0.22). Similarly leaf biomass was highest in case of WB-6 (0.58) followed by WB-216 (0.58) and the lowest value recorded for WB-1186 (0.12). Shoot dry weight was highest for WB-6 (0.55) followed by WB-216 (0.44) and the lowest value recorded for WB-1186 (0.118). Pod dry weight was highest for WB-489 (2.28) followed by WB-216 (2.19) and the lowest value recorded for WB-83 (0.68).489. Root biomass proportion was highest for WB-195 (18.34) and lowest for WB-489 (10.00). Similarly leaf biomass to total biomass was highest in case of WB-83 (23.19) whereas lowest value was recorded for WB-1186 (7.60). Highest stem biomass proportion was recorded for Arka Anoop (19.19) and the lowest value was recorded for WB-1186 (7.591). Biomass allocation to pods was highest in case of WB-489 (69.92) followed by WB-1186 (68.69) whereas lowest value was recorded for WB-83 (45.40).

Natural Variation for Seed Physical, Biochemical and Culinary traits in Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

<p>Twenty genotypes of common bean including 17 breeding lines were evaluated for various seed physical, nutritional and culinary traits viz., seed colour, seed shape, seed brilliance, seed coat pattern, seed length, seed breadth and seed weight, traits protein content, phytic acid, raffinose, water absorption percentage, coat percentage, swelling and hydration coefficient as well as cooking score. Most of the genotypes were kidney shaped with plain seed coat and medium seed brilliance. Among biochemical traits, highest protein content was recorded for Arka Anoop (22.15 %) followed by WB-341 (21.45 %), WB-216 (21.16 %) and WB-249 (20.99). Low phytic acid was recorded in WB-970 (0.440 %), WB-258 (0.968 %) and WB-102 (1.068 %). Low values for raffinose was recorded for WB-102 (3.800 mg/g) followed by WB-482 (3.833 mg/g). Highest water absorption percentage was recorded for WB-249 (136.363), Arka Anoop (131.818) and SFB-1 (126.923). The swelling coefficient was highest in case of WB-642 (300.000), WB-249 (266.667) and WB-335 (250.000) whereas lowest values for swelling coefficient were recorded in case of WB-341 (114.285), WB-216 (145.454) and WB-1006 (124.554). Among correlations between various seed physical, biochemical and culinary traits, raffinose was positively and significantly correlated with phytic acid. Phytic acid was also significantly and positively correlated with protein, coat proportion and 100-seed weight. Coat proportion was negatively correlated water absorption percentage, swelling coefficient, hydration coefficient as well as cooking time score. Cooking time score was positively correlated with hydration and swelling coefficients as well as seed weight but negatively correlated with coat proportion. </p>

Assessing the Performance of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL) in District Virudhunagar of Tamilnadu

This study was designed in order to evaluate the yield performance and market preference of three French bean varieties namely Arka Komal, Arka Suvidha and Arka Anoop in Virudhunagar district. The green pod yield was more or less similar in Arka Anoop (185q/ha) and Arka Suvidha (180q/ha) due to their yield contributing traits namely number of primary branches per plant, 4.06 and 4.18; number of green pods per plant, 16.60 and 19.08 and green pod length, 15.32 and 17.00 in Arka Anoop and Arka Suvidha, respectively as compared to farmer's choice of variety. Even though the green pod yield was recorded more in Arka Anoop, the net return and

Effect of elevated CO2on growth and yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) genotypes

The elevated CO2 levels are known to increase crop growth. French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) being an important cool season legume vegetable, with C3 CO2 fixation mechanism, is likely to be benefitted by higher CO2 level. Hence, a study was initiated to quantify the response of two promising French bean cultivars, viz., Arka Komal and Arka Anoop to elevated CO2 concentrations of 550 ppm as compared to ambient levels of 380 ppm in open top chambers (OTCs). Significantly higher leaf area, root dry weight and total dry matter accumulation was recorded at 550 ppm elevated CO2 which was translated into significant increase in number of flowers and subsequently pod yield in cv. Arka Anoop compared to Arka Komal.

Response of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to organic manure, vermicompost and biofertilizers on growth parameters and yield

A field experiment was conducted at farmer’s field during Rabi season of 2011-12 in Jorhat district to study the effect of different combinations of organic sources of nutrients viz., vermicompost, FYM, rock phosphate along with bio-fertilizer on different growth parameters, yield and profitability of French bean cultivar Arka Anoop. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four treatments and five replications. In this investigation, the results revealed that application of vermicompost + FYM + Rhizobium + rock phosphate (T2) significantly increased the germination percentage (87%), growth parameters and yield of the crop viz., plant height (37.50 cm after 60 days of sowing), number of branches plant-1 (6.48 after 60 days of sowing), green pod length (12.16 cm), green pod number plant-1 (20), green pod weight (300.05 g plant-1), dry weight of plant (18.74 g), number of seeds pod-1 (6.08) than the remaining three treatments. There was no significant difference in days to 50 per cent flowering among different treatments. However, nodulation was maximum in the treatment T4(41.88) and minimum in T1(38.20)Nodules plant-1 in the treatment combinations T2 and T3 were at par. Highest yield (14 t ha-1) with maximum benefit : cost ratio (3.35:1) was obtained in the treatment combination T2 and the lowest (7.00 t ha-1) was obtained in the treatment T1 with minimum benefit : cost ratio (2.50:1). Though the yield was higher in the treatment T3 than T4, yet the benefit : cost ratio was more in the treatment T4. It may be due to high cost of vermicompost than FYM.

Evaluation of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for seed production

An experimental study was conducted during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at Horticulture Research Station, Mondouri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Monhanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India, to evaluate the performance of fourteen different bush type French bean genotypes for seed yield and to study varietal characterization based on plant morphology. The genotypes, studied under this experiment were namely, Abhay, Shillong Local-3, Arjun, Selection-9, Arka Anoop, Arka Komal, Badshah, Anupam, Arka Suvidha, Falguni, Sonali, Local, Victoria and Vaishnavi-264. From overall point of view of the outcome of the experiment, it has been revealed that genotype with relatively bolder seeds with more number of seeds per pod, and higher bearing capacity per plant generally gives higher seed yield. Among the genotypes under study, Arka Suvidha was the best one as it produced the highest seed yield (2180.92 kg/ha) and relatively good plant vigour and fairly high seed vigour index (2944.38). Falguni and Mohanpur Local also can be considered promising once for seed production point of view.

Physiological Basis of Rust Resistance in French Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>)

Two resistant parents Arka Anoop and IC-525236 , three susceptible parents IIHRPB-1, IIHRPB-2 and IIHRPB-7 and six crosses IIHRPB-1×Arka Anoop, IIHRPB-2×Arka Anoop, IIHRPB-7×Arka Anoop, IIHRPB-1×IC-525236, IIHRPB-2×IC-525236 and IIHRPB-7×IC-525236 were screened for rust resistance under artificial epiphytotic conditions at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, during rabi, 2012. Studies were made on the resistant components viz., Stomata count both on upper and lower surface, Stomatal size (length and breadth), and stomatal pore size. Among the genotypes screened against rust under natural and artificial epiphytotic conditions, all the resistant parents and crosses did not show disease symptom and had less no. of stomata, small stomatal and narrow stomatal pore than all three susceptible parents which showed disease severity. The results indicated that the physiological basis of resistance, the structural features of stomata, like small stomatal pore size, narrow stoma and reduced number of stomata are highly related to impart rust resistance in french bean cultivars.

Breeding French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Resistance to Rust (Uromyces phaseoli Reben Wint.)

French bean is an important legume vegetable grown for its tender, green pods for both fresh consumption and processing. Rust, caused by Uromyces phaseoli, limits successful cultivation of this crop. Popular varieties like Contender, Pant Anupama, Pusa Parvathi, Arka Komal, Arka Suvidha, etc., are susceptible to this disease. The french bean variety, Arka Bold, having resistance to rust was used in hybridization with Arka Komal, a popular bush variety with high yield and slender, long green pods but susceptible to rust. Inheritance studies indicated that resistance to rust was controlled by a single, dominant gene. Pedigree method of breeding was followed for incorporating rust resistance in to commercially cultivated varieties. Breeding lines with resistance to rust were selected to F2 generation onwards. These were advanced up to F7, wherein, a promising line, (Arka Bold x Arka Komal) 99-17-2-1-4-12-3, with resistance to rust with high pod yield and good pod quality was selected and named Arka Anoop and released for commercial cultivation.