Arild Underdal Research Articles

Efektivitas Konvensi Hak Anak (ICRC) Dalam Kasus Eksploitasi Anak di Thailand

Abstract Child exploitation is one of the most serious cases. Triggered by increasingly advanced and widespread globalization, child exploitation in Thailand continued to increase from 2019 to 2022. As a country that has long ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Thailand's determination to resolve child exploitation cases is questionable. This article examines the effectiveness of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Thailand from 2019 to 2022, using Arild Underdal's perspective on the effectiveness of the regime and explaining it clearly. The results of this study show that the Convention on the Rights of the Child that has been ratified by Thailand has not yet been fully enforced. This is evidenced by a steady increase every year from 2019 to 2022. This shows that child exploitation cannot be solved with current laws.

Applicability of leadership modes outside the negotiation framework: insights from China

Drawing insights from a qualitative content analysis of China’s national climate reports between 2016 and 2019, this article examines the extent to which classical leadership typologies introduced by Oran Young, Arild Underdal, and Raino Malnes in the early 1990s have explanatory power outside of international climate negotiation frameworks. Mode by mode, we assess the strengths and weaknesses of four classical leadership modes—directional, ideational, instrumental, and structural—to grasp the manifestation of international climate leadership in a domestic context. While the analysis points out some substantial weaknesses in classical leadership modes, it indicates that China has taken consistent efforts to offer climate leadership in a domestic context. Given the huge gap between the leadership literature and the planetary reality; however, the article concludes that the key shortcoming of the leadership literature is that it tends to focus exclusively on the negotiation phase of international climate politics. Therefore, prospective studies on climate leadership have to pay more attention to the locus of leadership.

EFEKTIVITAS REZIM COMFORT WOMEN AGREEMENT ANTARA JEPANG DAN REPUBLIC OF KOREA (ROK) DALAM PENYELESAIAN MASALAH JUGUN IANFU DI REPUBLIC OF KOREA (ROK)

The Comfort Women incident that occurred during World War II is a historical issue that continues to overshadow the relationship between the two countries between the Republic of Korea (RoK) and Japan. On December 28, 2015 RoK and Japan carried out reconciliation which officially agreed on the Comfort Women Agreement as a resolution that was 'Finaland Irreversible'. However, disappointment arose after the Comfort Women Agreement was agreed upon by the Jugun Ianfu, even though the Japanese side greatly appreciated and supported the reconciliation efforts. This study aims to analyze how the effectiveness of the regime after the Comfort Women Agreement was officially agreed upon in resolving the problems of comfort women by using the analytical framework of Arild Underdal's theory about regime effectiveness. The research was conducted using qualitative methods and analyzed the responses from the RoK countries and Japan after the Comfort Women Agreement was agreed in an effort to resolve the problems of comfort women through Output, Outcome, and Impact. This study found that there were differences in response in efforts to resolve the comfort women's problem between RoK and Japan after the Comfort Women Agreement was agreed. The survivors of Jugun Ianfu with an alliance of civil society rejected the outcome of the Comfort Women Agreement.

PERKEMBANGAN SISTER CITY SURABAYA-GUANGZHOU DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEMAJUAN KOTA SURABAYA

Sister city is a concept which refer to a cooperative initiative set upbetween two cities from two different country of origin. Surabaya is one ofwell-known cities in Indonesia which actively engage in such programs,among them are cooperation with Guangzhou, China; Busan, SouthKorea; and Kitayushu, Japan. However, a focus on sister city initiativesbetween Surabaya and Guangzhou seems to be relatively understudied.This research is aimed to uncover the dynamics of Surabaya-Guangzhousister city initiative and how is it impacting Surabaya specifically. Toexplain this, the author put some emphasis on the concept “sister city”and employing Arild Underdal’s Regime Effectivity Model. a qualitative descriptiveresearch method is undergone with data gatehered throughliterature studies, as well as direct interview. This research found thatthe initiative has resulted in relatively ineffective outvomes under theindicator of level of collaboration, problem malignancy, and problemsolving. Nevertheless, the sister city between the two cities has given anumber of contributions to the growth of Surabaya.

The Effectiveness of ASEAN Cooperation in Marine Environmental Protection (MEP) in South China Sea (SCS)

This research aims to examine ASEAN cooperation in responding to issues related to marine environmental security due to the exploration of resources in the South China Sea (SCS) region. This research analyze two aspects of environmental security, consist of (1) ASEAN’s collective role in maintaining environmental security and production in the SCS to realize environmental and human security, and (2) the effectiveness of ASEAN cooperation in responding to environmental problems in the SCS through international regime effectiveness theory developed by Arild Underdal. This study utilized a qualitative method by comparing the development of ASEAN MEP cooperation and problem-solving capacity before and after the Declaration for a Decade of Coastal and Marine Environmental Protection in the South China Sea containing institutional setting, power distribution, instrumental leadership, and collaboration level between ASEAN, the epistemic community, and behavioral changes. Data and information obtained from primary sources such as ASEAN official documents and secondary sources consisted of scientific journals and web articles. The findings indicate that ASEAN MEP cooperation has developed towards effectiveness but has not reached the optimum point in solving maritime problems in the SCS.

What the Framework Convention on Climate Change Teaches Us About Cooperation on Climate Change

Arild Underdal has been at the center of an important community of scholars studying global environmental governance. Since the 1990s that community, along with many other scholars globally, has offered important insights into the design and management of international institutions that can lead to more effective management of environmental problems. At the same time, diplomats have made multiple attempts to create institutions to manage the dangers of climate change. This essay looks at what has been learned by both communities—scholars and practitioners—as their efforts co-evolved. It appears that despite a wealth of possible insights into making cooperation effective very few of the lessons offered by scholars had much impact during the first two decades of climate change diplomacy. Indeed, basic concepts from cooperation theory and evidence from case studies—many developed in Arild’s orbit—can explain why those two decades achieved very little real cooperation. The new Paris agreement may be changing all that and much better reflects insights from scholars about how to build effective international institutions. Success in the Paris process is far from assured and scholars can contribute a lot more with a more strategic view of when and how they have an impact.

Editorial to the Issue on Climate Governance and the Paris Agreement

This thematic issue of <em>Politics and Governance</em> serves as a Festschrift in honor of Professor Dr. Philos. Arild Underdal on his 70<sup>th</sup> birthday. In this editorial, the guest editors summarize a few of Professor Underdal’s many academic merits and achievements. They also provide a synopsis of each of the ten contributions to the Festschrift, which focuses on climate governance in general and the 2015 Paris Agreement in particular.

American engagement and the pathways to Arab–Israeli peace

This close empirical study of decades of US efforts to bring peace between Arab states and Israel helps reflect on Arild Underdal and Oran R. Young’s leadership typologies. Distinguishing between coercive leadership based on the incentives and sanctions that robust capabilities make possible and instrumental leadership focused more on talking, skilled mediation, and policy innovation is useful. However, this US mediation demonstrates that the two are not wholly distinct as previously suggested. The narrative of US efforts from Richard M Nixon to William J Clinton, including 22 cases of US involvement in Arab–Israeli mediation, suggests successful US mediation has been based on four factors. US involvement has led to breakthroughs when the US administration was highly engaged and kept at the problem after an initial diplomatic setback; benefitted from an exogenous event; managed that event to the US advantage; and dealt with strong Arab and Israeli partners.

Toward policy integration: Assessing carbon capture and storage policies in Japan and Norway

The objective of this paper is to develop independent and systematic criteria for assessing CCS policy in terms of its level of policy integration. We believe that we should assess CCS policy in terms of the distance to an ideal integrated CCS policy in order to keep track of its trajectory toward sustainable development. After reviewing the existing literature of environmental policy integration, an assessment framework for integrated CCS policy is developed based on Arild Underdal's notion of ‘integrated policy’ then, its usefulness is demonstrated by applying it to CCS policies in Japan and Norway. In the final part, we summarize the findings of the cases and conclude with some observations regarding explanatory factors of the difference in terms of the achieved level of policy integration between Japan and Norway's CCS policies, and some policy implications derived from the analysis based on the framework.

Toward Effective International Cooperation on Climate Change: Numbers, Interests and Institutions

Arild Underdal's “law of the least ambitious program” is properly pessimistic about the prospects for cooperation in the international system where nations must give their consent to be bound by meaningful commitments. Those pessimistic expectations are now being revealed in the collective efforts to address the problem of climate change, notably through the Kyoto Protocol. Over-coming Underdal's law requires narrowing the numbers of countries that participate in key climate agreements and tailoring membership so that just the most important countries are engaged and there are strong incentives to avoid defection. At the same time, the effectiveness of cooperative efforts would gain from fuller use of nonbinding instruments, review procedures and high level conferences—as were put to effective use in the North Sea cooperation, for example— in addition to legally binding international law through instruments such as the Kyoto Protocol. Sadly, most of the conventional wisdom runs the opposite direction, favoring binding treaties among large numbers of countries.

The Scholarship of Arild Underdal

In this introduction to Arild Underdal’s scholarship, I place particular emphasis on his early work—his “magister” thesis and his doctoral dissertation. There are three reasons for this. As his main advisor for the magister thesis, and a member of his doctoral committee, I am particularly familiar with these two works. Second, I believe that an introduction to Underdal’s early work might be helpful for understanding his later contributions. Finally, while most readers of this journal are likely to know Underdal’s more recent books and articles already, they might be less familiar with his early work.

The Limits of the Law of the Least Ambitious Program

Arild Underdal's work on the Law of the Least Ambitious Program (LLAP) is a significant contribution to our understanding of the logic of international collaboration. The LLAP, however, applies only under particular conditions. After comparing the law to the joint decision trap and the veto player concept, we discuss four observations that tend to limit the law's domain. First, while the LLAP is intended to apply to decision-making under unanimity, in a number of international bodies decisions are made by some kind of majority voting. Second, the LLAP assumes that the alternative to collective agreement is individual decision-making, yet in practice the relevant alternative (the “reversion rule”) is often the continuation of some pre-existing collaborative arrangement. Third, whereas the LLAP assumes that the unanimity rule invariably favors the least ambitious program, there are interesting cases where this assumption does not hold. Finally, the LLAP does not take into account that the outcome of international decision-making not only depends on the decision rule and the reversion rule, but also on the voting sequence.

Explaining cosmetic compliance with international regulatory regimes: The implementation of the Basle Accord in Japan, 1998–2003

A central theme of much recent international political economy (IPE) scholarship has been the question of what determines compliance with international regulatory regimes.1 The contemporary debate ...

Reviews

Books reviewedNicky Chambers, Craig Simmons and Mathis Wackernagel, Sharing Nature’s Interest: Ecological Footprints as an Indicator of SustainabilityJonathan Dimbleby, From Here to Sustainability: Politics in the Real WorldH. Hötker, E. Lebedeva, P. S. Tomkovich, J. Gromadzka, N. C. Davidson, J. Evans, D. A. Stroud and R. B. West (eds.), Migration and International Conservation of Waders: Research and Conservation on North Asian and European FlywaysSteiner Andresen, Tora Skodvin, Arild Underdal and Jorgen Wettestad, Science and Politics in International Environmental Regimes: Between Integrity and InvolvementSteven Dovers (ed), Environmental History and Policy: Still Settling AustraliaAntoine S. Bailly, Philippe Cadene, Jean–Paul Ferrier, Lay J. Gibson, Eric Glenn, Jean–Pierre Lozato–Giotart and Jean–Pierre Paulet, Les treès grandes villes dans le mondeAndrew M. Marton, China’s Spatial Economic Development: Restless Landscapes in the Lower Yangzi DeltaPeter A. Rogerson, Statistical Methods for GeographyR. J. Buresh, P. A. Sanchez and F. Calhoun (ed.), Replenishing Soil Fertility in AfricaMaurits Van Den Berg, Land Use Systems Research on Strongly Weathered Soils in South and South–east BrazilLisa M. Benton and John Rennie Short (ed.), Environmental Discourse and Practice: A ReaderH. Arnberger and E. Arnberger, The Tropical Islands of the Indian and Pacific OceansSolon L. Barraclough and Krishna B. Ghimire, Agricultural Expansion and Tropical Deforestation: Poverty, International Trade and Land UseLesley Head, Cultural Landscapes and Environmental ChangeA. Stewart, A. S. Fotheringham, C. Brunsdon and M. Charlton, Quantitative Geography: Perspectives on spatial data analysisDavid Green (ed.), GIS: A sourcebook for schoolsRobert W. Dixon–Gough, European Coastal Zone Management: partnership approachesB. V. Bodungen and R. K. Turner (ed.), Science and Integrated Coastal ManagementJorge E. Hardoy, Diana Mitlin and David Satterthwaite, Environmental Problems in an Urbanizing World

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:Felix Dodds, Earth Summit 2002: A New DealCatherine Redgwell, Intergenerational Trusts and Environmental ProtectionEllen Hey, Reflections on an International Environmental CourtCarsten Schmidt, Designing International Environmental Agreements: Incentive Compatible Strategies for Cost‐Effective CooperationSteinar Anderson, Tora Skodvin, Arild Underdal and Jorgen Wettstad, Science and Politics in International Environmental Regimes: Between Integrity and InvolvementAlan Russel and John Vogler, The International Politics of Biotechnology: Investigating Global FuturesHan Somsen, The Yearbook of European Environmental Law, Volume I, 2000Petr Pavlinek and John Pickles, Environmental Transition: Transformation and Ecological Defence in Central and Eastern EuropeA. Abramson and D. Thoedossopoulos, Land, Law and Environment: Mythical Land, Legal Boundaries

The politics of international environmental management. Arild Underdal (editor), Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997. ISBN 0‐7923‐3685‐2. DG 176.00/US $107.00/£70.50. 184 pp.

Journal of Environmental Policy and PlanningVolume 2, Issue 2 p. 169-171 Book Review The politics of international environmental management. Arild Underdal (editor), Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997. ISBN 0-7923-3685-2. DG 176.00/US $107.00/£70.50. 184 pp. Paul Wapner, Paul Wapner School of International Service, American University, Washington, DC, USASearch for more papers by this author Paul Wapner, Paul Wapner School of International Service, American University, Washington, DC, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 June 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7200(200004/06)2:2<169::AID-JEPP34>3.0.CO;2-4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue2April/June 2000Pages 169-171 RelatedInformation

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Book Review : Arild Underdal: The Politics of Fisheries Management: The Case of the Northeast Atlantic. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1980

Book Review : Arild Underdal: The Politics of Fisheries Management: The Case of the Northeast Atlantic. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1980