Arid Area Of Northwestern China Research Articles

A chromosome-level genome assembly provides insights into the local adaptation of Tamarix austromongolica in the Yellow River Basin, China.

Tamarix austromongolica is endemic to the Yellow River Basin and has adapted to diverse ecological settings in the region, including the arid areas of northwestern China and the saline soil regions of the Yellow River Delta. However, the genetic basis of its local adaptation remains unclear. We report a chromosome-level assembly of the T. austromongolica genome based on PacBio high-fidelity sequencing and Hi-C technology. The 12 pseudochromosomes cover 98.44% of the 1.32 Gb assembly, with a contig N50 of 52.57 Mb and a BUSCO score of 98.2%. The genome comprises 913.6 Mb (68.83%) of repetitive sequences and 22,374 protein-coding genes. Genome evolution analyses suggest that genes under positive selection and significantly expanded gene families have facilitated T. austromongolica's adaptability to diverse environmental factors and high resistance to diseases. Using genotyping-by-sequencing, we conducted population structure and selection analyses of 114 samples from 15 sites. Two genetic groups were identified, and 114 and 289 candidate genes were assigned to the populations of the northwestern and eastern parts of the Yellow River, respectively. Furthermore, we discovered numerous candidate genes associated with high-altitude adaptability and salt tolerance. This research provides valuable genomic resources for the evolutionary study and genetic breeding of tamarisk.

Dynamic evolution and simulation of habitat quality in arid regions: A case study of the Hexi region, China

Habitat quality is an important characterization of the health level of ecosystems. Unreasonable development activities have led to a degradation in habitat quality and loss of biodiversity, especially in the arid areas of northwest China where the ecological environment is fragile. In this study, we focused on the arid area in northwestern China (Hexi region). By integrating the InVEST model and PLUS model, we evaluated the dynamics of habitat quality in the Hexi region from 1990 to 2020 under the background of land use change, and simulated the habitat quality in this area in 2030 under different scenarios. The results showed that: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the areas of farmland, waterbodies, and built-up land increased by 2343.26 km2, 416.42 km2 and 739.28 km2 respectively, and the area of unutilized land decreased by 3020.36 km2. In terms of changes in land use type, unutilized land changed the most. (2) From 1990 to 2020, the habitat quality increased by 1.07 %, spatially showed a high distribution pattern along the Qilian Mountains and a low distribution pattern in the remaining area. The spatial change was dominated by stabilization, and the rank change was mainly from poor habitat quality areas to good habitat quality areas. (3) Under the scenario of natural development (ND), the future built-up land area will rapidly increase by 989 km2. In the ecological protection (EP) scenario, the areas of forest and grassland will increase by 10476 km2, the expansion of cultivated land and built-up land will be effectively curbed, and the habitat quality will be greatly improved. (4) In 2020–2030 (ND scenario), land use change will cause a certain degree of degradation of habitat quality. In 2020–2030 (EP scenario), land use change will promote the improvement of habitat quality. In addition, through this study, we provide a new method to quantify the relationship between land use and habitat quality.

Multipurpose animal utilization underpinned early Bronze Age subsistence of an oasis in an arid area of northwestern China

Multipurpose animal utilization underpinned early Bronze Age subsistence of an oasis in an arid area of northwestern China

Improving the Key Enzyme Activity, Conversion Intensity, and Nitrogen Supply Capacity of Soil through Optimization of Long-Term Oilseed Flax Rotation Planting Patterns in Dry Areas of the Loess Plateau of China

Various crop rotation patterns can result in differences in nutrient consumption and the accumulation of toxic substances in the soil, indirectly impacting the soil environment and its nutrient supply capacity. Implementing optimized crop planting practices is beneficial for maintaining the favorable physical and chemical properties of farmland soil in the arid area of northwestern China. This study aimed to establish a crop rotation pattern to improve key enzyme activities and soil nitrogen conversion efficiency, as well as understand the underlying mechanism for enhancing nitrogen supply capacity. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of four flax planting patterns, which included 13 crop rotation patterns with different crop frequencies: 100% Flax (Cont F), 50% Flax (I) (WFPF, FPFW, PFWF, FWFP), 50% Flax (II) (FWPF, WPFF, PFFW, FFWP), 25% Flax (WPWF, PWFW, WFWP, FWPW), on the key enzyme activities and the rate of soil nitrogen conversion, as well as the nitrogen supply capacity. Here, F, P, and W represent oilseed flax, potato, and wheat, respectively. The results indicated that the wheat stubble significantly increased the intensity of soil ammonification and denitrification before planting. Additionally, the activity levels of soil nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase under wheat stubble were significantly increased by 66.67% to 104.55%, while soil urease activity significantly decreased by 27.27–133.33% under wheat stubble compared to other stubbles. After harvest, the activities of soil nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase under the wheat stubble decreased significantly, and the intensity of soil ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification reduced significantly by 7.83–27.72%. The WFWP and FWFP treatments led to a significant increase in soil nitrogen fixation intensity under various crop rotations after harvest and significantly increased the levels of inorganic nitrogen in the soil before the planting of the next crop. This study suggests that the long-term rotation planting patterns WFWP and FWFP can significantly enhance the key enzyme activities of soil nitrogen conversion and significantly improve soil nitrogen conversion before crop sowing. This may increase the rate of soil nitrogen transfer and raise the available nitrogen content of the soil. These findings are crucial for reducing soil nitrogen loss and improving soil nitrogen nutrient supply capacity in dry areas of the Loess Plateau of China.

Yield performance, land and water use, economic profit of irrigated spring wheat/alfalfa intercropping in the inland arid area of northwestern China

Yield performance, land and water use, economic profit of irrigated spring wheat/alfalfa intercropping in the inland arid area of northwestern China

An integrated distributed robust optimization framework for agricultural water-food-energy management integrating ecological impact and dynamic water cycle processes

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) appeal to decision-makers to consider the impact of agriculture on different aspects, including the economic, social, ecological and environmental influences. This study establishes an integrated distributed water-food-energy management model that simultaneously considers resource-saving, economic development, ecological restoration, social security guarantee and environmental improvement to realize sustainability according to optimal resource allocation. The developed model considers the full dynamic of the water cycle, including water exchanges between river, canal, soil and aquifer. The irrigation units are regarded as decision units and hydrological response units, which are determined based on the canal distribution. A net-primary-productivity-based method is proposed for ecological and environmental benefits of agricultural production. Additionally, a comprehensive multi-objective robust programming is proposed to deal with uncertainties in both objectives and constraints, with optimality and feasibility robustness guaranteed. Taking an arid area in northwestern China as a working example, the modeling outputs offer strategies for water and energy uses under 27 risk scenarios. The feasibility robustness analysis uncovers the degree and source of risks faced by different vegetation and decision units. The optimality robustness analysis shows the influence of different uncertainties on the objectives and helps recognize sensitive objectives. These outputs can satisfy decision-makers with different risk preferences, reveal the independent and mutual effects of different uncertainties, and help recognize the key indicators of sustainable development.

Intercropped alfalfa and spring wheat reduces soil alkali-salinity in the arid area of northwestern China

Intercropped alfalfa and spring wheat reduces soil alkali-salinity in the arid area of northwestern China

Rational Allocation of Water Resources in the Arid Area of Northwestern China Based on Numerical Simulations

Adding a series of surface-water transfer projects still cannot solve the current water shortages in the arid area of northwestern China. Selecting a rational allocation plan for the water resources is the key to coordinating water use for the national economy and ecological environment. In this study, taking the Wuwei Basin as the study area, long-term data of source-sink terms from 2007 to 2018 were analyzed. Following the calibration and validation of the numerical simulation model of the groundwater system, the data was highly fitted. Based on this model, the groundwater system balance, water level variations, and suitable ecological water level area in 2050 under four water resource allocation plans were compared. Under plan 4, the groundwater resources change from an average decrease of 7656.4 × 104 m3·yr−1 from 2007 to 2018, to an increase of 4624.6 × 104 m3·yr−1 in 2050, which means the groundwater systems are almost in a positive balance state. Compared with 2018, the water level with small groundwater depth drops by 2.2–5.7 m, while that with large groundwater depths steadily rises by 2.7–8.6 m. In addition, it can maintain the 9 km2 natural oasis wetland area and the 116 km2 well-growing natural vegetation area, which can effectively promote the benign evolution and efficient, balanced sustainable development of the regional water resources, economy, and ecological environment.

Simulated impacts of the wetter arid area of Northwestern China on the energy budget and atmospheric circulation over Tibetan Plateau and central part of North China plain in summer

This paper examines the local and non-local climatic effects of wetter arid areas of Northwestern China (ANWC) in summer using a fully coupled climate model. In response to soil moisture increase, the local air temperature significantly decreases, and precipitation increases in summer. The wetter ANWC results in a warmer and rainless climate over the Central part of North China Plain (CNCP). While the influence of increasing soil moisture on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) precipitation is negligible due to the high altitude. A cooler climate over ANWC leads to an abnormal descending motion occurring. Meanwhile, an anomalous high pressure and an abnormal anticyclonic circulation occurs in 500 hPa over the west of ANWC. Correspondingly, a huge anomalous cyclone circulation occurs over the northeastern part of China and Mongolia, which can hinder the northward movement of the East Asian summer Monsoon (EASM) and reduce the water vapor transport into Central China Plain. As a result, the weakened EASM thus leads to rainless over CNCP. As soil moisture increases over ANWC is stronger, the magnitudes of the influence on the atmospheric field become larger. This study highlights the wetter ANWC effect on local climate and provides more information about the mechanism of wetter ANWC remote effect on non-local climate.

Quantitative identification of groundwater contamination sources by combining isotope tracer technique with PMF model in an arid area of northwestern China

Nowadays, groundwater quality has deteriorated because of intensive human activities. It is important to accurately identify the pollution source for controlling the deterioration of groundwater quality. However, the accuracy of the current source analysis method needs to be improved. In this study, we combined hydrochemical method, isotope tracing technique and PMF model, for the first time, to trace the source of groundwater pollution in Beichuan River basin, Qinghai Province, China. According to the results, there were 35.8% of Fe, 34.1% of total hardness, 24.3% of SO42− and 8.09% of NO3− samples exceeded the Grade III standards for Groundwater quality in China, which indicated that the groundwater in the study area has been significantly affected by human activities. Hydrochemical method suggested that the chemical component originated from rock weathering, cation exchange and mineral dissolution. Based on isotope tracing technique (δ15N–NO3-, δ18O–NO3-, δ34S–SO42− and δ18O–SO42−), the primary sources of nitrate and sulfate in groundwater were soil nitrogen and oxidation of sulfide minerals in the forest area, domestic sewage and oxidation of sulfide minerals in the urban and industrial area, and mixed sources in the village and agricultural area. Finally, the pollution source of groundwater was distinguished by combining the PMF model, isotope tracing technique and hydrochemical method. Results showed that the main pollutant of groundwater is domestic sewage in the urban, village and industrial area. The contribution rates to groundwater pollution were 60.7%, 60.8% and 57.8%, respectively. However, in the forest and agricultural area, the main source changed to water-rock interaction and chemical fertilizer, and the contribution rates to groundwater quality were 53.5% and 61.0%, respectively. Our results suggested that the coupling tracing methodology can improve the accuracy of source resolution in the water environment and it can be applied to other areas of the world.

Phylogeography of Amygdalus mongolica in relation to Quaternary climatic aridification and oscillations in northwestern China.

Quaternary period geological events and climatic oscillations significantly affect the geographic structure and genetic diversity of species distribution in arid northwestern China. Amygdalus mongolica is a relict and endangered shrub that occurs primarily in arid areas of northwestern China. Based on variation patterns present at three cpDNA regions (psbK-psbI, trnL-trnF and trnV) and in one nDNA sequence (ITS1-ITS4) in 174 individuals representing 15 populations, the spatial genetic structure and demographic history of A. mongolica was examined across its entire geographic range. The 17 different haplotypes and 10 ribotypes showed two lineages, distributed across the Western (Mazong Mountains, Hexi Corridor, and Alxa Left Banner) and Eastern regions (Urad Houqi, Yinshan Mountains, Urad Zhongqi, and Daqing Mountains) according to the median-joining network and the BI (Bayesian inference) and ML (Maximum likelihood) trees. AMOVA analysis demonstrated that over 65% of the observed genetic variation was related to this lineage split. The expansions of the Ulanbuhe and Tengger deserts and the eastward extension of the Yinshan Mountains since the Quaternary period likely interrupted gene flow and triggered the observed divergence in the two allopatric regions; arid landscape fragmentation accompanied by local environmental heterogeneity further increased local adaptive differentiation between the Western and Eastern groups. Based on the evidence from phylogeographical patterns and the distribution of genetic variation, A. mongolica distributed in the eastern and western regions are speculated to have experienced eastward migration along the southern slopes of the Lang Mountains and westward migration along the margins of the Ulanbuhe and Tengger deserts to the Hexi Corridor, respectively. For setting a conservation management plan, it is recommended that the south slopes of the Lang Mountains and northern Helan Mountains be identified as the two primary conservation areas, as they have high genetic variation and habitats that are more suitable.

Effects of plastic mulching on soil CO2 efflux in a cotton field in northwestern China

In Northwestern China, more and more traditional cultivation system (TC) with no mulching and flood irrigation have been replaced by modern cultivation technology (MC) combining plastic film mulching with drip irrigation. Does plastic film mulching increase or reduce soil CO2 emission in arid areas? In order to study the effects of plastic mulching on soil CO2 efflux, a field study was conducted to compare soil CO2 concentration, soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature and moisture between the TC treatment and the MC treatment during a cotton growing season in Northwestern China. The seasonal patterns of soil profile temperature and soil moisture in the TC treatment were similar to that in the MC treatment. The mean value of soil profile temperature in the MC treatment was higher than that in the TC treatment. Except for soil moisture at 15 cm depth, the mean value of soil moisture at 5 cm and 10 cm depths in the MC treatment was higher than that in the TC treatment. The variation patterns of soil CO2 concentration and soil CO2 efflux in MC treatment were different to that in the TC treatment. Although the peak of soil CO2 concentration in the TC treatment was earlier than that in the MC treatment, the duration of soil CO2 concentration with high values in TC treatment was shorter than that in the MC treatment. Based on the model of Fick’s first diffusion law, soil surface CO2 efflux in the MC and TC treatments were determined. The surface CO2 efflux in the TC treatment calculated by Fick’s first diffusion law model was in good agreement with the value measured by chamber method. The seasonal curve of soil surface CO2 efflux in the MC treatment indicate the similar pattern with that in the TC treatment, and the rate of CO2 efflux was lower in the MC system. In the MC treatment, the seasonal variation of soil surface efflux was explained more by soil moisture than by soil temperature. However, in the TC treatment, the seasonal variation of soil surface efflux was explained more by soil temperature than by soil moisture. Over the completely experimental period, accumulated rates of soil CO2 efflux were 361 g C m−2 and 474 g C m−2 for the MC and TC system, respectively. We concluded that converting agricultural practices from traditional cultivation to the plastic mulching cultivation could reduce soil CO2 efflux by approximately 110 g C m−2 year−1 in agricultural land in arid areas of Northwestern China.

干旱区绿洲城镇景观生态风险时空变化分析——以张掖绿洲乡镇为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 干旱区绿洲城镇景观生态风险时空变化分析——以张掖绿洲乡镇为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202105111234 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家社科基金重大项目（18ZDA053）；国家自然科学基金项目（41661035） Spatio-temporal evolution of landscape ecological risk in oasis cities and towns of arid area: A case study of Zhangye Oasis Township Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: National Social Science Foundation of China（No.18ZDA053）; National Natural Science Foundation of China,（No.41661035） 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:科学评估与分析干旱区绿洲乡镇景观生态风险，对优化绿洲土地资源管控和维护干旱区绿洲生态系统稳定性具有重要现实意义。以张掖市绿洲乡镇为对象，基于土地利用数据和景观格局指数，结合ArcGIS空间分析功能，研究其景观生态风险时空特征及影响因素。结果表明：1987-2018年，耕地和建设用地变化明显，分别增加429.03 km2和236.26 km2；整体景观生态风险呈下降趋势，并呈"南北高、中间低"格局特征；各乡镇风险水平在空间上正向聚集，位于绿洲边缘地区的乡镇风险变化明显；人为活动干扰是近年风险水平变化的主要因素。研究成果可为西北干旱区绿洲生态保护与治理提供决策参考。 Abstract:The scientific assessment and analysis of landscape ecological risks in oasis towns is of great practical significance for optimizing management and control of oasis land resources and maintaining the stability of oasis ecosystem in arid areas. Based on land use data and landscape pattern index, combined with ArcGIS spatial analysis function, this paper studied the temporal and spatial characteristics and influencing factors of landscape ecological risk in oasis towns in Zhangye City. The results showed that the cultivated land and construction land have changed significantly from 1987 to 2018, with an increase of 429.03 km2 and 236.26 km2, respectively. The overall landscape ecological risk level showed a downward trend and the pattern of high in the north and south while low in the middle. The risk level of each township is positively aggregated in space, and the dramatic change of the estimated risk was also found on the edge of the oasis. Human disturbance is the main factor of risk level change in recent years. The research results can provide decision-making reference for ecological protection and management of oases in arid areas of northwestern China. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Simulated Impacts of the Wetter Arid Area of Northwestern China on Energy Budget and Atmospheric Circulation Over Tibetan Plateau and Central Part of North China Plain in Summer

Simulated Impacts of the Wetter Arid Area of Northwestern China on Energy Budget and Atmospheric Circulation Over Tibetan Plateau and Central Part of North China Plain in Summer

Quantitative Identification of Groundwater Contamination Sources by Combining Isotope Tracer Technique with Pmf Model in an Arid Area of Northwestern China

Quantitative Identification of Groundwater Contamination Sources by Combining Isotope Tracer Technique with Pmf Model in an Arid Area of Northwestern China

National-scale distribution and its influence factors of calcium concentrations in Chinese soils from the China Global Baselines project

The China Geochemical Baselines (CGB) project provides geochemical baselines for nearly all chemical elements, including Ca, by sampling transported soils at a density of 1 sample per approximately 3000 km2 across nearly all of China. A total of 3382 top samples (TS) were collected at depths of 0–25 cm and 3380 deep samples (DS) at depths >100 cm. The median (background) values of Ca in the TS and DS were 1.96% and 1.84%, respectively. On the spatial distribution maps, Ca concentrations generally decreased from northwestern to southeastern China. The natural climate, especially the aridity/humidity status, primarily influences this national-scale distribution. The median Ca values were ranked as follows: arid (4.61% in the TS and 4.15% in the DS) > semi-arid (2.73% in the TS and 2.55% in the DS) > sub-humid (1.37% in the TS and DS) > humid (0.56% in the TS and 0.52% in the DS) areas. In the arid areas of northwestern China, evaporite minerals can be deposited in soils, resulting in a regional high-Ca background. In the humid regions of southeastern China, soil water readily leaches Ca, leading to a regional low-Ca background. The highest Ca concentrations sparsely distributed in northwestern China (>90% quantile, Q90) and the higher Ca contents in the semi-arid and sub-humid areas (Q75–Q90) are linked to the parent Ca-bearing rocks. While no high Ca concentrations exist in both the TS and DS in southeastern China, although carbonate rocks are widely distributed. The lowest Ca concentrations distributed in southeastern China (<Q10) are predominately a result of continuous exposure to human-induced acid rainfall. Both natural and anthropogenic factors control the Ca concentrations and distribution in Chinese soils.

Application of Multiple Detection Data in the Analysis of Snowstorm Processes in Xinjiang during the Central Asia Extreme Precipitation Observation Test (CAEPOT)

At present, there is insufficient research on the refinement of the vertical structure of winter snowstorm systems in arid areas, and, compared with the central and eastern China, the observation sites in arid areas of northwestern China are scarce. To deepen the understanding of dynamics and microphysical processes and improve the level of forecasting and warning of snowstorms in northwestern China, the Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi, carried out the Central Asia Extreme Precipitation Observation Test (CAEPOT) in Yili, Xinjiang, a typical arid region in China in February 2020. This paper uses multiple fine detection datasets obtained from the CAEPOT, including radar wind profiler, ground-based microwave radiometer, and millimeter-wave cloud radar to analyze macroscopic characteristics and microphysical changes of snowstorm system in Xinjiang. Studies have shown that the low trough with sufficient moisture, heat, power conditions, and weakening banded cloud system, which moved eastward from the Aral Sea to the west of Xinjiang during the snowstorm, were the key influencing system of this snowstorm. Before the snowstorm, the vertical shear of the horizontal wind field was severe, which aggravated the instability of the atmosphere, and there was upward motion in the lower atmosphere. A variety of physical quantities related to moisture showed a tendency to increase at the lower level and could be used as an early warning signal for snowstorm about 8 hours in advance, and the cloud and snow particles observed by millimeter-wave cloud radar were simultaneously developing upward and downward from 4 km, providing snowstorm warning 12 hours in advance. During the snowstorm, the horizontal wind speed and vertical speed were obviously enhanced, and the physical quantities related to moisture further increased, and, with the blocking and uplifting of the Tianshan Mountains, the snowstorm increased. The particles collided and grew while falling, resulting in a decrease in particle concentration and an increase in particle radius from high altitude to the ground, eventually resulting in near-ground reflectivity factor up to 30 dBz. In addition, reflectivity factor, physical quantities related to moisture, wind field, particle concentration, and particle radius all had a good correspondence with the beginning, end, and intensity of snowstorm, so when the physical quantities mentioned above weakened and stopped, snowstorm also weakened and stopped. In a word, this research is an important and meaningful work that provides more backgrounds and references for the forecast and warning of snowstorm in northwestern China.

Response and Modeling of Hybrid Maize Seed Vigor to Water Deficit at Different Growth Stages

Research is imperative to predict seed vigor of hybrid maize production under water deficit in arid areas. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in arid areas of northwestern China to investigate the effects of different irrigation strategies at various growth stages with drip irrigation under film mulching on grain yield, kernel weight, seed protein content, and seed vigor of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). Water deficit at vegetative, flowering, and grain-filling stages was considered and a total of 16 irrigation treatments was applied. A total of 12 indices of germination percentage, germination index (GI), shoot length (SL), and root length (RL) under different germination conditions (standard germination and accelerated aging); electrical conductivity (EC) of the leachate; and activities of peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in seeds were measured and analyzed using the combinational evaluation method (CEM). Furthermore, five water production functions (Blank, Stewart, Rao, Jensen, and Minhas) were used to predict seed vigor evaluated by CEM under water deficit. The results showed that leachate EC was higher under water deficit than that under sufficient irrigation. The SL, RL, and GI of different germination conditions increased under water deficit at the flowering stage. The Rao model was considered the best fitted model to predict the vigor of hybrid maize seeds under water deficit, and an appropriate water deficit at the flowering stage is recommended to ensure high seed vigor of hybrid maize production with drip irrigation under film mulching. Our findings would be useful for reducing crop water use while ensuring seed vigor for hybrid maize production in arid areas.

Evaluating the ecological benefits of plantations in arid areas from the perspective of ecosystem service supply and demand-based on emergy analysis

Plantations can significantly improve the ecological environment of arid areas. However, in the arid area of Northwestern China, plantations consume several thousand cubic meters of water per hectare per year, which also has a negative effect. By evaluating the relationship between the supply and demand of ecosystem services, the positive and negative benefits of plantations can be effectively identified for regional sustainable development. This study took typical arid regions as examples and evaluated the changes in ecosystem services before and after the conversion of a desert shrub system to a plantation system based on emergy analysis. The relationship between the supply and demand of various ecosystem services from different stakeholder perspectives was investigated and combined with the degree of ecosystem service demand obtained from the participatory survey. Results showed the following. (1) The ecosystem services provided by vegetation increased, the ecosystem services provided by water resources decreased, and the total service decreased by 6.89E+17 sej. (2) The relationship between the supply and demand of ecosystem services provided by water resources was of the “low–high” type. Dust purification was of the “high–high” type, and carbon sequestration and soil conservation were of the “high–low” type. (3) From the perspective of citizens, the matching degrees of the supply and demand of dust purification and soil conservation services were 21.75% and 9.38% higher than those of farmers, respectively. From the perspective of farmers, the matching degrees of the supply and demand of water supply, water purification, power supply and sediment transport, and carbon sequestration were 9.90%, 10.96%, 3.22%, and 18.28% higher than those of citizens, respectively. In summary, attention should be given to the efficient use and conservation of water resources and the promotion of the coordinated development of ecosystem services by comparing the differences in matching degrees of supply and demand among different stakeholders when constructing plantations. Meanwhile, the distribution of water resources should be given attention to protect the water demand of citizens in a targeted manner for effectively improving the level of regional well-being.

Small wetted proportion of drip irrigation and non-mulched treatment with manure application enhanced methane uptake in upland field

Methane oxidation in upland areas plays a critical role in the global methane budget. A three-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two soil surface treatments including soil covered with black plastic film mulch (BM) and non-mulched treatment (NM), three fertilizer treatments including chemical NPK fertilizer (CF), cattle manure (CM) and their combined application of 50% chemical NPK fertilizer and 50% cattle manure (CF+CM), and three soil wetted proportion levels under drip irrigation including: 35% (P1), 55% (P2) and 75% (P3) on methane oxidation in potato field in the arid area of northwestern China. Results showed that seasonal cumulative methane uptake value was 1.1–4.9 kg hm−2 in potato upland fields. BM treatment decreased seasonal cumulative methane uptake by 17%–50% compared to NM treatment through increasing average soil temperature by 2.0–2.5 °C, increasing average irrigation interval by 0–15% and its barricade effect of gas exchange. CM treatment increased seasonal cumulative methane uptake by 7%–9% and 14%–108% in contrast to CF+CM treatment and CF treatment, respectively, due to the low nitrogen content under CM treatment. Different soil wetted proportions didn't significantly affect methane oxidation, while 35% of soil wetted proportion had the greatest methane oxidation rate. Methane flux was quadratically correlated (p = 0.001) to soil matric potential, and the optimal soil matric potential for methane oxidation was −24 kPa. In summary, this study investigated methane uptake in potato farmland contributing to methane flux budget estimation. Manure applied without mulch had more advantage on methane oxidation, and a soil wetted proportion level of 35% was recommended in this study, for favorable for methane oxidation.