Area Of Information Systems Research Articles

On Crafting Effective Theoretical Contributions for Empirical Papers in Economics of Information Systems: Some Editorial Reflections

The terms theory and theoretical contributions evoke mixed reactions in the information systems discipline, especially among empirical researchers in the economics of information systems (Econ-IS) area. Although some see such contributions as the raison d’etre for academic scholars engaged in research, others feel that the discipline has developed a fetish for theory, with reviewers and editors often demanding an unreasonable level of theoretical contributions for empirical manuscripts to succeed in the review process. Moreover, there exists a great deal of diversity in the conception of what constitutes a reasonable theoretical contribution, especially within empirical work, across editors and reviewers, leading to frustration with the review process and disappointment with editorial decisions. Given the different types of theoretical contributions that may be suitable for a given manuscript and recognizing the changing nature of empirical work within Econ-IS, we attempt to shed some light on theoretical contributions within empirical Econ-IS research, paying attention to their nature, types, and impact. Specifically, we start by reflecting on the typical theory-related comments we have seen in review packets that we generalize to a set of critiques often related to empirical papers. Subsequently, we provide a working definition of a theoretical contribution and the components that make up such a contribution. We then propose a taxonomy of theoretical contributions typically observed in Information Systems Research (ISR). Based on this taxonomy of contributions, the typical critiques observed in empirical Econ-IS papers, and a set of published papers, we provide some broad guidelines for how authors may craft an effective theoretical contribution for submission to ISR. We also discuss a pathway for manuscripts that do not (seek to) offer significant theoretical contributions. Such manuscripts are welcome, but we believe that a very high bar of practical impact must be met for them to succeed in the review process. Based on the guidelines and suggestions made here, our hope is that authors and evaluators will participate in the review process with a shared understanding of the elusive notion of theoretical contributions.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Desa Berbasis Web Menggunakan OpenSID di Desa Ngraket Kecamatan Balong Kabupaten Ponorogo

The Village Information System is an integral part of the implementation of the Village Law. Village Law Article 86 concerning Village Development Information Systems and Rural Area Development clearly requires that villages have the right to access information through information systems developed by the Regency or City Regional Government. Together with the rapid development of technology, the need for fast, accurate, easy and practical data processing has become a demand. This also applies to data management in village government institutions, where each village is required to provide the best service to the community in various fields such as writing letters, population data collection, and other needs related to services at the village office. However, most of the service processes still use conventional methods. Therefore, we propose the use of a web-based community service application in Ngraket Village. This application is designed using a web platform so that it can be accessed online, allowing the people of Ngraket Village to enjoy Village services more quickly and easily. The implementation of this Village website must be carried out actively and the content must be in accordance with the menu available on the website. The implication of implementing a website-based village information system is to increase transparency, community participation and information accessibility. With this application, it is hoped that the quality of the service process to the people of Ngraket Village can increase significantly.

TECHNOLOGY FOR AUTOMATED CONSTRUCTION OF DOMAIN DICTIONARIES WITH SPECIAL PROCESSING OF SHORT DOCUMENTS

Context. The task of automating the construction of domain dictionaries in the process of implementing software projects based on the analysis of documents, taking into account their size and presentation form.
 Objective. The goal of the work is to improve the quality of the dictionary based on the use of new technology, including special processing of short documents.
 Method. A model of a short document is proposed, which presents it in the form of three parts: header, content and final. The header and final parts usually contain information not related to the subject area. Therefore, a method for extracting content based on the use of many keywords has been proposed. The size of a short document (its content) does not allow determining the frequency characteristics of words and, therefore, identifying multi-word terms, the share of which reaches 50% of all terms. To make it possible to identify terms in short documents, a method for their clustering is proposed, based on the selection of nouns and the calculation of their frequency characteristics. The resulting clusters are treated as ordinary documents, since their size allows for the selection of multi-word terms. To highlight terms, it is proposed to select sequences of words containing nouns in the text. Analysis of the frequency of repetition of such sequences allows us to identify multi-word terms. To determine the interpretation of terms, a previously developed method of automated search for interpretations in dictionaries was used.
 Results. Based on the proposed model and methods, software was created to build a domain dictionary and a number of experiments were conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the developed solutions.
 Conclusions. The experiments carried out confirmed the performance of the proposed software and allow us to recommend it for use in practice for creating dictionaries of the subject area of various information systems. Prospects for further research may include the construction of corporate search systems based on dictionaries of terms and document clustering.

Development of an Adaptive Human-centered Work Station for Fuel Cell Stack Assembly

Facing the challenges of modern production, such as increased product variability and individuality, assembly systems must strive for maximum flexibility. Consequently, despite the continuous advancements in automation, the human workforce retains its crucial role in industrial assembly due to its exceptional adaptability and learning capabilities. However, the industry is confronted with the additional challenge of addressing a shortage of skilled workers, managing ongoing demographic changes, and handling an increasingly heterogenous workforce in terms of age, skills, and experience. As a result, there is a growing emphasis on the efficient and ergonomic use of the human workforce. In this context, the concept of human-centered production systems has emerged as an important approach.The objective of this paper is to propose a general concept for the implementation of a human-centered assembly system that can adapt to different human characteristics in terms of anthropometry, functional capabilities, knowledge, and personal needs during the assembly process. This in-process adaptation is based on the tracking of human movements and actions during the assembly process using LiDAR and camera technology. The collected data is utilized to feed a recommender system that serves to suggest possible configuration optimizations in the assembly system dimensions of Working height, Range of vision, gripping area, and handedness, Lighting and Use of information and assistance systems, encompassing a laser projector, spatial augmented reality facilitated by a dynamic beamer, and intelligent tools.Subsequently this general approach is applied to the development of a work station designed for the assembly of fuel cell stack components.

The role of innovative systems in a small and medium enterprise

Motivation: The considerations contained in the article concern the issues of innovation in information systems of small and medium-sized enterprises. The results of the research on barriers faced when introducing innovation in the surveyed economic entities were presented. The focus was on the analysis of internal financial barriers.Aim: The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the internal barriers resulting from the implementation of innovative information systems and their impact on the management of small and medium-sized enterprises.Results: The results of the analysis indicate that the dominant innovations in information systems implemented in the surveyed enterprises are innovations in the area of information systems supporting finance and accounting.

Challenges on the Brazilian Information Systems Education: The Professors’ Perspective

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Contribution:</i> The main contribution of this study is to gather and report on the challenges faced by IS courses based on the professors’ perspectives. <p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <i>Background:</i> Information systems (ISs) area focuses on the interplay among people, processes/organizations, and technologies. As such, stimulating technical and nontechnical competencies are required from professors and students. For instance, despite the current number of IS bachelor’s degree courses, several difficulties have been faced, e.g., students dropout, novel careers in Computing and Informatics, and market waves. <p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <i>Research Questions:</i> What are the challenges and difficulties of IS Education, considering the professors’ perspective? <p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <i>Methodology:</i> A survey research was executed to collect data related to the IS courses, and a qualitative analysis was performed to answer the research question based on coding procedures. The nature of the research is exploratory and descriptive. <p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <i>Findings: </i>Results reveal the importance of continuous training for professors, the institutional policies to support students, the creation of hybrid courses to reduce barriers to students, and course class time offered in the mornings and afternoons.

WEB-BASED POPULATION DATA COLLECTION INFORMATION SYSTEM IN TEMA TANA VILLAGE

The Village Information System is an inseparable part of the implementation of Village laws. Village Law Article 86 concerning Village Development Information Systems and Rural Area Development clearly states that villages have the right to access information through information systems developed by regional or city governments. A system is a group of elements that are closely related to each other, which function together to achieve certain goals. Hardware and software. Hardware includes one notebook unit with eighth generation Intel Core i3 specifications, 4 Gb RAM, 256 Gb SSD. The software used includes the Windows 10 Pro 64bit operating system, Notepad++, XAMPP, Chrome, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Visio. The results obtained from this research are an administrative information system that can solve the problems faced by Tema Tana Village. From the results of the discussion it can be concluded that the administrative information system can answer the problems faced, including easier and faster data searching, data archiving does not take up much space. large because it has been replaced by digital storage, and data reporting can be presented quickly, completely, attractively and according to office need

ICT initiatives for vulnerable groups in Brazil: intended and unintended consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Despite the multitude of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), their successful implementation has been slow and faced more difficulties than anticipated. Although the deployment and use of ICT has become inevitable, many emerging countries have faced challenges in adopting ICT for the benefit of their entire population. During the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, ICT initiatives became a major issue, especially for vulnerable groups. The purpose of this study is to understand the intended and unintended consequences of ICT initiatives during the pandemic, through two case studies in Brazil covering relevant societal areas, namely social protection and public education. The results bring two main contributions. The first is an understanding of how social groups, negotiation mechanisms and technologies-in-practice are enacted to inform public policies and actions. The second concerns the production of knowledge for the Information Systems area, by revealing the challenges and opportunities brought by ICT to emerging markets in a post-Covid-19 reality.

The Implementation of Knowledge Management System as the Basis for Public Services and Public Information in the Village Service Unit

The current technological development is progressing rapidly. However, the implementation of this technological advancement is still not optimally applied in all areas, especially in rural areas. Therefore, the application of Knowledge Management System (KMS) is necessary. According to Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning villages, in section 3 of the Village Law, Article 86 on the village information system and rural area development, it is stated in the first point that villages have the right to access information through the village information system developed by the local government of the district/city. Currently, the problems that occur in villages are the lack of maximum service and information, the scarcity of village officials in managing computerized data, and the lack of systematic archiving. By implementing KMS, it can be a solution for public services and information, as well as data processing and correspondence in the village, so that the community will receive excellent services from the village government.

Gender differences and transferring knowledge in database modeling

ABSTRACT Background and Context Gender research shows that women are better at reading comprehension. Other studies indicate a lower tendency in women to choose STEM professions. Since data modeling requires reading skills and also belongs in the areas of information systems and computer science (STEM professions), these findings provoked our curiosity. Objective Comparing student modeling errors across different error categories; Finding out whether learning the notations of one type of modeling, class diagram (CD), leads to fewer modeling errors in the next type, entity-relationship diagram (ERD); Finding out whether the reading advantage of women would manifest within a STEM activity of database modeling. Method We conducted a within-subject design experiment with college students. We manipulated the modeling type, which is a CD or an ERD, and observed its impact on the type and number of errors in modeling tasks. Findings Certain modeling aspects that are at a higher level of abstraction are much more prone to errors. Male students made more errors. There is a learning effect from one type of model to the other. Female students had much more significant learning from one model to the other. Implications Educators should invest time and effort into applying modeling activities where the error rate is higher. Since female students have an advantage over male students in several modeling aspects, it is further proof that female students’ lack of propensity for the STEM professions is based on a perceptual barrier regarding their ability to succeed and not on an inferiority in these domains.

Income differences between locations of 340B entities and contract pharmacies.

To estimate neighborhood income differences between the locations of 340B-covered entities and their contract pharmacies (CPs) and examine whether these differences vary between hospitals and grantees. Cross-sectional study. Using Health Resources and Services Administration 340B Office of Pharmacy Affairs Information System and zip code tabulation area (ZCTA)-level US Census Bureau databases, we created a unique data set that contains covered entities' characteristics, CP use, and ZCTA-level median household income in 2019 for more than 90,000 pairs of covered entities and CPs. We computed income differences between each pair and for a subset of pairs in which the pharmacy is within 100 miles of the covered entity for both hospitals and federal grantees. On average, median income in the pharmacy's ZCTA is about 35% higher than in the covered entity's ZCTA, with little difference between hospitals (36%) and grantees (33%). Roughly 72% of arrangements cover less than 100 miles; in that subset, income is about 27% higher for pharmacy ZCTAs, with little difference between hospitals (28%) and grantees (25%). In more than 50% of arrangements, the median income in the pharmacy's ZCTA is more than 20% higher than in the covered entity's ZCTA. CPs serve at least 2 purposes: They can increase low-income patients' access to medicines directly when a CP is closer to where a covered entity's patients live, and they can increase profits for covered entities (some of which are potentially passed on to patients) and CPs. We find that in 2019, both hospitals and grantees used CPs to generate income but generally they do not appear to contract with pharmacies located in neighborhoods where low-income patients are likeliest to live. Prior research findings have suggested that hospitals and grantees behave differently from each other with respect to CP use, but results of our analysis suggest the opposite.

The regulation of and through information technology: Towards a conceptual ontology for IS research

This special issue addresses a largely neglected area of Information Systems (IS) research – the regulation of and through Information Technology (IT). As with other human technologies, IT artefacts present risks and can harm individuals, groups, organisations, economies, and society: However, this remains a largely unexplored topic in IS research. Nevertheless, regulators, social commentators, the media, and the public have voiced their concerns about such risks, particularly those related to artificial intelligence (AI), cybersecurity, privacy, digital assets (e.g. cryptocurrencies), and the market dominance of digital platforms. Accordingly, regulations have been instituted or proposed to regulate IT artefacts in and across several business sectors. Additionally, in response to the informational challenges posed by a complex web of laws and regulations, regulators and business organisations have implemented IT artefacts to transform regulatory and supervisory processes or to enhance organisational risk management and compliance reporting capabilities. This special issue addresses the research challenges related to emergent issues surrounding the regulation of and through IT. In this editorial, we take stock of where the field currently stands. We advance a conceptual ontology of IT regulation to guide future research by specifying several taken-for-granted core concepts. By rendering the concepts, categories, and their relationships explicit, the model and its related research questions provide a firm foundation to generate a cumulative body of research on the regulation of and through IT.

Contributions of enterprise architecture to software engineering: A systematic literature review

AbstractEnterprise architecture is a growing trend that aims to help deal with the complexity of socio‐technical systems such as human organizations, as well as their information technology and systems areas. Nevertheless, the contribution of enterprise architecture to the field of software engineering remains unclear. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to see how enterprise architecture is used in software development and maintenance practice. To this end, we first carried out a search in the SCOPUS database and then organized the papers according to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge to determine what areas of software engineering are covered by each research study. To understand how enterprise architecture is used, we established a classification based on ISO 42010 and TOGAF. From the systematic literature review, we noticed that the early stages of development are the most impacted by the enterprise architecture. On the other hand, we observed that enterprise architecture is of assistance in the areas of engineering management, engineering processes, and engineering models and methods; these tasks are carried out by teams or managers using different, often agile, development methods or standards. In turn, we found that the most common categories are architecture descriptions; these are often used to facilitate communication and information‐sharing between different stakeholders, in addition to frameworks, which will help to establish common practices in the organization related to the joint use of enterprise architecture and software development.

Psychometric analysis of Integrated Digital Library User Success (IDLUS) Scale in academic digital library environment

Purpose The purpose of this study is to execute the application of confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modeling, to investigate the reliability and validity of the proposed integrated digital library user success (IDLUS) scale in academic digital library computing information system in the area of information management and systems. Design/methodology/approach The study analyzed 355 valid responses (MPhil and PhD) from the largest and oldest public sector university in Pakistan. Sample selection was calculated through a stratified random sampling technique from the four faculties of the University of the Punjab. The instrument was constructed based on the available two digital library and information system success models. The first model is Jung’s (1997) digital library user success model that is further composed of flow model (1977), end user computing satisfaction model (1987) and Joshi’s overall user satisfaction model (1990). Similarly, the second model is DeLone and McLean’s reformulated information system success (2003) theory. The question items used a five-point Likert scale and executed regression weights, standardized regression weights, convergent validity, variance extracted, construct reliability and discriminant validity to infer results. Findings Findings show that the IDLUS scale has excellent validity and reliability estimates. Research limitations/implications The study has theoretical implications for researchers and practical implications for information system developers. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this scale is the first-ever effort to measure the digital library user success in the context of Higher Education Commission-National Digital Library of Pakistan. Therefore, there was a dire need to conduct the psychometric analysis of the scale to examine the model fit statistics on the current sample in the particular cultural norms. Scale is based upon human factors taken from various Web success and information system success models from the fields of human–computer interaction information systems and computer-mediated communication.

CYBERSECURITY ASSURANCE IN SMART CITIES: A RISK MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE

ABSTRACT Smart cities are interconnected in a complex web of interdependent systems that are critical for functioning of smart services for better living. However, cybersecurity risks in smart cities are a growing concern for smart city councils and governments globally. As more city services are being brought online and connected with other services, the cybersecurity threat surface is also increasing. We experience a surge in exploitation of security vulnerabilities in smart service operations in cities on a global scale. Incidents of cyberattacks bringing down critical smart services like smart grids and other digital infrastructure are now occurring frequently. These cyberattacks are anticipated to increase further on a larger scale if smart city councils do not take a proactive approach toward cybersecurity risk management and assurance. Managing the cyber risks of smart cities is an understudied area of information systems and cybersecurity research domains that is necessary for the development of cyber-resilient societies. This paper attempts to address this gap. It is based on the premise that cybersecurity risks in smart cities cannot be avoided; instead, they must be proactively identified, assessed, and managed. This paper provides an overview of interdependent systems in smart cities, cybersecurity risks in the context of interdependent systems, and impact of recent cyberattacks on public services in cities across the globe. The significance of risk management and assurance in smart cities is introduced in this paper to address the cybersecurity risks arising from system of systems. Cybersecurity risk management utilizing NIST’s Risk Management Framework has been recommended in this paper for smart city councils through a step-wise approach, highlighting the necessary actions for effective operational cybersecurity risk assurance.

Perencanaan Kerangka Kerja Menggunakan The Open Group Architecture Framework-Architecture Development Method (TOGAF-ADM) pada Puskesmas Sukatani

Problems occurred at the Sukatani Health Center is that they do not have their own information system; they still use applications provided by the Health Office; furthermore, they have not fully utilized technology, only partially in processing reports. In accordance with the existing fact that the utilization of information systems is beneficial in business process activities. Hence, it is necessary to plan or design Information System architecture at the Sukatani Health Center to facilitate activities in carrying out business processes, especially in medical services and medical support in order to be more effective and efficient. Based on the research, information system architecture planning at the Sukatani Public Health Center is divided into two architectures: data architecture and application architecture. The data architecture resulted in a classification of 47 classes’ data from all business processes. The application architecture resulted in the classification of 21 application candidates in 6 information system areas; namely the patient admissions information system area consisted of 4 application candidates, the medical service information system area consisted of 6 application candidates, the medical support information system area consisted of 2 application candidates, the pharmacy installation information system area consisted of 3 application candidates, the nutrition installation information system area consisted of 2 application candidates, and the payment information system area consisted of 4 application candidates.

Ethical Standards for Information Systems Professionals - 30 years after “A Case for a Unified Code”

Technological advances increasingly mark our society, but also bring with them unique ethical challenges. In 1992, a paper entitled “Ethical Standards for Information Systems Professionals: A Case for a Unified Code” by Effy Oz was published in MISQ. Since then, much has happened in the area of technologies and information systems. New business contexts, methodological approaches, technologies, applications, and many other changes have occurred, requiring a renewed attention to ethical concerns and warranting a revisiting of the theme 30 years later. This article follows the same structure and methodological approach as used in Effy Oz’s work, focusing on the current versions of the ethical codes of leading organizations. The objectives are as follows: (1) to reflect on the changes made to the codes over 30 years, (2) to examine whether the recommendations proposed in Oz’s original work are reflected in the current versions of the codes, and (3) to conclude if the need for a unified code of ethics still prevails. The results indicate that, depending on the organization, the impact of the “passage of time” on the codes was different; several recommendations — which are still valid — are not fully reflected in the documents, thus continuing the need for a unified code of ethics (albeit with some different characteristics from those identified three decades ago).

Development of a Knowledge System for Data Management of the Pre-Production Stages

Preparation of projects introducing new production takes into account all aspects related to development and technical preparation of production, production of prototypes, familiarization with production, processing marketing sales support, as well as preparation of service support. PLM systems represent the tools for automating engineering activities in the product life cycle. These solutions are based on the idea of a close cooperation between individual areas involved in the final product, from its design to the end of its technical life. Collecting a large amount of data and information about the product under observation is typical for this kind of activity. PLM integrates the areas of computer aid, database and information systems, and computer networks. This article points to the creation of a knowledge-based application environment for data management of a small business with a description of its functions and possibilities of use.

A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Geographical Research: Machine Learning and Bibliometric Approach

The rampant COVID-19 pandemic swept the globe rapidly in 2020, causing a tremendous impact on human health and the global economy. This pandemic has stimulated an explosive increase of related studies in various disciplines, including geography, which has contributed to pandemic mitigation with a unique spatiotemporal perspective. Reviewing relevant research has implications for understanding the contribution of geography to COVID-19 research. The sheer volume of publications, however, makes the review work more challenging. Here we use the support vector machine and term frequency-inverse document frequency algorithm to identify geographical studies and bibliometrics to discover primary research themes, accelerating the systematic review of COVID-19 geographical research. We confirmed 1,171 geographical papers about COVID-19 published from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021, of which a large proportion are in the areas of geographic information systems (GIS) and human geography. We identified four main research themes—the spread of the pandemic, social management, public behavior, and impacts of the pandemic—embodying the contribution of geography. Our findings show the feasibility of machine learning methods in reviewing large-scale literature and highlight the value of geography in the fight against COVID-19. This review could provide references for decision makers to formulate policies combined with spatial thinking and for scholars to find future research directions in which they can strengthen collaboration with geographers.

Summary of the main change management models applicable for information systems area

Summary of the main change management models applicable for information systems area