Agribusiness Area Research Articles

Strategy of Development of Sustainable Red Chili Agribusiness Areas in North Sumatra Province

The development of sustainable red chili agribusiness areas in North Sumatra Province is a challenge that involves various aspects, including cultivation technology, farmer institutions, supply chain efficiency, government policy support, and environmental sustainability. This study aims to identify and formulate a sustainable red chili agribusiness development strategy that can increase farmers' productivity and welfare without sacrificing the environment. Through a qualitative approach, data were collected from in-depth interviews with farmers, agribusiness stakeholders, as well as a review of government policies related to sustainable agriculture. The results show that the application of precision agriculture technology, such as drip irrigation systems and integrated pest management, can significantly increase productivity while preserving natural resources. Strengthening farmer institutions, such as cooperatives, is also very important in coordinating production, improving market access, and stabilizing farmers' income. In addition, supply chain efficiency through the construction of storage and distribution centers will reduce post-harvest losses and price fluctuations, while government policy support is needed in the provision of agricultural infrastructure and stable price regulation. In conclusion, the sustainable development model of red chili agribusiness areas must include synergies between environmentally friendly technologies, strong institutions, efficient supply chains, and proactive policy support. With this model, red chili agribusiness areas in North Sumatra can develop sustainably, contribute to food security, and improve farmers' welfare.

Development of Agribusiness in Tiwi, Albay

This study determined the status of agribusiness in Tiwi, Albay, as basis for the development of business plan. Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub- problems: 1) What are the areas of agribusiness in the Municipality of Tiwi, Albay?; 2) What are the status of agribusiness along; crop production, animal production, aquaculture production, and agri-support services and manufacturing?; 3) What are the contributions of the above areas in the agribusiness in Tiwi, Albay?; 4) What are the problems encountered in agribusiness?; and 5) What business plan may be proposed to address the problems encountered in agribusiness? The study involved presenting the agribusiness sectors contributions through tables and charts, emphasizing their economic impact and community significance. It addressed challenges by organizing issues like infrastructure or market access, supported by relevant data or case studies. It proposed a comprehensive business plan targeting specific problems with detailed strategies, cost estimates, and potential outcomes. Descriptive surveys are crucial in agribusiness research, providing detailed insights into agricultural practices and factors affecting productivity within a specific population. These surveys utilize statistical tools such as frequency percentage and weighted mean to accurately depict response distribution and measure the significance of variables. Synthesizing findings and ensuring proper citation and definition of terms in research helps draw meaningful conclusions and contribute to a broader understanding of agribusiness practices in the region. Incorporating literature demands a structured approach, starting with an introduction highlighting the topic's significance, organizing sources thematically or chronologically, and synthesizing findings while ensuring proper citation and defining terms for clarity. Descriptive surveys in agribusiness employed tools like frequency percentage to depict response distribution and weighted mean to gauge variable significance, offering precise insights into agricultural practices and factors affecting productivity within the surveyed population.

Plant Disease Detection Using Machine Learning & Image Processing

Most of individuals on earth make their living for the most part from horticultural work. Assuming there are any issues in that essential area, the populace's way of life will endure. Accordingly, it's vital for keep the agribusiness area in the right equilibrium by protecting something very similar from destructive impacts like plant sicknesses, dryness, and so on. In the rural area, ranchers get more cash-flow from cultivation than from different yields. These plants are helpless against numerous sicknesses rapidly, and early manual illness determination in crops is extremely difficult. stage. AI methods are utilized instead of manual illness distinguishing proof, which could prompt blunders. Picture.The impacted region of the picture is caught to finish the handling. Keyword: Image Processing, Resnet, Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Random Forest, Plant Diseases.

The strategy for developing the Kalipucang dairy farming agribusiness area as a dairy village agroedutourism using the business model canvas

Introduction: Efforts to enhance the agribusiness sector, particularly in dairy farming, require integrated development alongside other local potentials. This study aims to establish a model for dairy cattle agribusiness development integrated with the village's superior potential, utilizing the Business Model Canvas (BMC). Methods: The research involved mapping the dairy cattle agribusiness in Kalipucang Tutur Pasuruan Village using the BMC framework. The study analyzed the fulfillment of the nine BMC element blocks and identified strategies for enhancing productivity through SWOT analysis. Results: The mapping revealed that the dairy agribusiness in the village offers animal husbandry educational tours and satisfies the BMC element blocks. However, there is a need for strategic enhancements to boost productivity. The strategic analysis also identified the potential for developing agroedutourism due to the advantageous location near tourist spots. Conclusion: The integration of dairy cattle agribusiness with local potentials, as outlined in the BMC mapping, presents opportunities for further development. Strategic recommendations derived from the SWOT analysis provide insights for optimizing productivity and leveraging the area's potential for agroedutourism.

International migrations and work: Venezuelans in agribusiness areas in Rio Grande do Sul

Resumo A participação dos migrantes internacionais no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro mudou a partir do ano 2010, com uma expressiva atuação do setor do agronegócio na inserção deles como força de trabalho. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar a inserção de imigrantes venezuelanos como trabalhadores em áreas do agronegócio no Rio Grande do Sul e as condições de trabalho à qual são submetidos; especificamente na agricultura, pecuária e frigoríficos nos municípios Júlio de Castilhos e Venâncio Aires. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que fez uso de fontes primarias mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas, fontes secundárias e revisão bibliográfica. Concluiu-se que as condições de trabalho correspondem às tipicamente retratadas no agronegócio: muito esforço físico, longas jornadas, contratações sazonais, baixos salários, risco à saúde ou à segurança e ações mediadoras sindicais e governamentais enfraquecidas, provocando sofrimento e frustrações. Ademais existe uma desconexão entre a formação ou experiência trazidas e a baixa qualificação necessária para exercer as atividades que absorvem os imigrantes no agro; contudo, eles conseguem aproveitar seu capital cultural para ressignificar sua presença. Por isso, estudos que visem mudar a visão de problema dos Estados são necessários, para destacar as contribuições das migrações à economia, à cultura e à sociedade.

Analysis of the Financial State and Efficiency of Activities of Organic Producers in Russia

Is denoted to the analysis of the financial condition and efficiency of organic producers to assess the potential for the development of organic agriculture in Russia. Methods of comparative and coefficient analysis, estimation of trends in time series, statistical groupings, and studies of the general properties of the sample were used. The source of information was the data of the accounting (financial) statements of organic producers for 2019-2021 from the State Information Resource for Accounting (Financial) Statements of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that organic crop production prevails in Russia, although this industry is inferior in terms of financial potential to other areas of agribusiness. The most financially stable and solvent can be called the production of organic livestock products, processing, and canning of organic products. The noted trend is more characteristic of the level of large agricultural enterprises. It should also be taken into account that, in general, only a small part of the enterprises in the analyzed population has reached the standard level of financial stability and performance indicators, which may generally indicate the low financial potential of organic producers in Russia and the need to attract available financial resources from external sources. The novelty of the study lies in the comparative assessment of production efficiency at enterprises of various scales of activity and different specializations in the production of organic products. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of sound proposals of organizational and financial orientation to ensure a realistically achievable increase in the efficiency of organic production in Russia, taking into account the identified resource potential.

Strategic planning in agribusiness

Agricultural businesses operate in a complex and dynamic environment, with many challenges and opportunities. It is therefore essential for these businesses to have a strategic plan. It is a critical process that helps businesses navigate in a complex and uncertain environment and achieve long-term goals and objectives. In this article, we have conducted a bibliometric analysis of academic journals to investigate the extent to which strategic planning is a researched topic in agribusiness enterprises. We found that there is no concentrated research, with only three keywords appearing in the literature with at least five repetitions. Even of the two repetitions, only 22 were found. The clustering of keywords helps to identify research directions. The results of a survey of 134 enterprises were then presented. The majority of enterprises do not have a long-term plan or even a written vision. We found that SWOT analysis is still the most common planning method among the companies surveyed. It was also found that there is no difference between industries in this respect. Significant differences were only found in relation to company size, with all large companies having a strategic plan and the vast majority of SMEs not. Only 17 out of 132 firms have a plan longer than three years, and 32 do not have any plan at all. Strategic planning can help to address many of the challenges in the agribusiness area, and it is therefore proposed to improve the proportion of firms planning through knowledge transfer.

Economic Performance of Enterprises Promoted under ARYA and Relationship with Entrepreneurial Competencies

Attracting and retaining youth in agriculture (ARYA) is a national programme of Indian Council of Agricultural Research implemented through Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) since 2016-17. The present investigation was carried out in 2021-22 with a total of 684 rural youth, randomly identified from among the functional units under various enterprises. Among the nine major enterprises promoted under ARYA, performance of poultry units were better in terms of operational duration and total turnover per enterprise despite incurring higher expenditure. Nursery enterprises showed the highest net income per unit and also created maximum assets. On the other hand, benefit-cost ratio was higher in piggery enterprises and per day net income was highest in processing and value addition units. More employment generation was recorded in fish and goat farming enterprises. The results indicated that each of the agri business areas have strengths on different parameters. Besides the choice of enterprises that are locally viable, the entrepreneurial competency of the entrepreneurs was essential to sustain the enterprises. Successful entrepreneurship promotion has the possibilities for attracting and retaining youth in rural areas through technology-supported agribusiness development.

Transformation of the Governance of the Farmer Groups Association towards Farmer Corporation in The Shalot Area of Solok Regency, Indonesia

The main problem in the development of the shallots business in the Solok Regency production center is the weakness of farmer institutional governance and market access. This article aims to formulate a strategy for the transformation of farmers institutional governance in the direction of the farmers corporate institutional governance. This study was conducted in July-August 2019. The results show that the institutional performance of the farmer groups association is at a medium level measured by the role and business activities, while the cooperative is at a level that is less developed in encouraging the development of farmer institutions towards corporate institutions that ongoing in the shallots agribusiness area. Institutional governance performance of the farmers group association and cooperatives has shown that they have begun to work, but the mechanism of work and coordination has not been effective. Strategies for transformation of institutional governance farmer group assosiation and cooperatives into farmer corporation can be done by adding new structures by participating in integrated agribusiness systems and businesses, expanding market goals and segments, developing new related businesses, and strengthening horizontal corporate institutional governance and horizontally vertical through integrated agribusiness partnership.

Incidence of penile neoplasia associated with the use of pesticides in the Irrigated Perimeter Jaguaribe Apodi - Ceará, Brazil: An in silico approach

The insertion of irrigated perimeters and the intensive use of pesticides made the Baixo Jaguaribe region one of the most critical areas of agribusiness in Ceará. However, the excessive use of pesticides has been associated with increased cases of premature births, congenital malformations and mainly neoplasms, especially penile cancer. Objective: To characterize in silico the pesticides of the triazine group used in the Jaguaribe-Apodi Irrigated Perimeter in the Baixo Jaguaribe region to investigate the relationship between penile cancer associated with the use of pesticides. Methodology: It was given through molecular modeling using Classical Force Field (MMF94) to obtain more stable structures and physicochemical properties and molecular docking to elucidate the possible inhibition between ligand (triazine)-protein (p53). Results: The electronic and structural characterization established that the pesticides of the triazine group are soluble and have no rotation, their double bonds are derived from the heterocyclic ring in their conformations and the stability energies are relatively high. Conclusions: Regarding molecular docking, ametryn and atrazine are likely to initiate a carcinogenic response to workers in the Jaguaribe-Apodi Irrigated Perimeter, i.e., penile cancer, while cyromazine ligand shows no interactions with p53 protein; thus, it does not act with inhibitory potency.

Development and Evaluation of Solar Agro Sprayer

Abstract: In the agribusiness area, the splashing of pesticides is a significant assignment to shield the harvests from bugs for getting high returns. Be that as it may, ranchers have been fundamentally utilizing customary ordinary procedures like handworked and fuel worked sprayer frameworks for splashing pesticides. Fuel is costly and in many spots, fuel may not be accessible. Assuming that hand-worked splash frameworks are utilized, the work efficiency diminishes and the effectiveness will be low. The utilization of sun based energy framework is a substitute answer for these restrictions. Subsequently, a sun-based controlled horticultural pesticide sprayer is planned and created. The framework was planned and manufactured by considering boundaries like wanted splashing limit, low weight, minimal expense, easy to use nature, high working time, and quicker inclusion of region. Along these lines, the sunlight-based sprayer was created to be an incentive for cash items in the farming area. For planning the model, the regular sprayer framework was examined to figure out the instrument for the showering process. Numerical models were created in the wake of embracing appropriate suspicions for computation of force of the engine expected for showering a known amount of liquid. The parts expected for the framework were chosen by settling for known input esteems and thinking about their accessibility in the market. The framework was created and plans were made on the framework to make it versatile and to permit the client to convey it on his back while inactivity. The framework was created by the plan boundaries and field tried by the standard test conditions. Keywords: Pesticide, Solar sprayer, Application rate, Field capacity, Solar Energy

Determinants and strategies of social forestry development for integrated coffee agribusiness in the foot of mount Argopuro area, Jember regency

LMDH “Rengganis” Pakis Village, District, Jember Regency has received the Recognition and the Forestry Partnership (“KULIN-KK”) from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, covering an area of ± 1,032.19 hectares. The forest land is cultivated by 536 families by planting robusta coffee. The research objective is to describe the determinants and strategies for developing an integrated coffee agribusiness area through the social forestry program. The methodology used is descriptive exploratory with an expert system approach. The analysis technique used is cognitive mapping analysis and hierarchy process analysis. Conclusions: (a) Five priority factors are the main determinants of coffee agribusiness development in social forestry programs, namely: legal certainty in forest use, dynamics and cooperation in forest village farme business groups, downstream processing of smallholder coffee products, shortening the trade system chain, support for facilities and infrastructure from the government; (b) Strategy for developing an integrated coffee agribusiness area based on priorities, namely (1) Objectives: developing an integrated coffee agribusiness area in a forest village; (2) Stakeholders, namely: forest farmers/members of LMDH, LMDH Management, LMDH Business Unit, Perhutani, Government, (2) Integrated Coffee Agribusiness Area Development Program: social engineering to increase cooperation in forest village farmer groups, engineering technology to increase coffee productivity, engineering technology downstream processing ofpeople’s coffee, economic engineering to design an efficient coffee marketing chain, development of integrated agro-tourism based on agribusiness and processing of products from social forestry programs, namely coffee and durian commodities.

Analysis of the Agropolitan Area Development in the Sumber sub-district, Probolinggo Regency in 2020

The research, entitled Analysis of the Agropolitan Area Development in the Sumber sub-district, Probolinggo Regency in 2020 aims: (1) To analyze the potential development of production centers and programs in the Agropolitan Area in Sumber Sub-district (2) To analyze facilities and infrastructure need for developing agropolitan areas in the sub-district Sumber for 5 years (3) Determine the strategy for developing agropolitan areas in the Sumber Sub - district. Samples or informants were selected by purposive sampling method that consists of: (1) Regional Government, (2) group of farmers working on superior commodities, (3) marketing institutions in agropolitan areas. The data analysis method is divided into three models, namely (1) SWOT analysis, (2) Mapping production centers and superior commodities, (3) agropolitan area development strategy.The results of the research are (1) The leading commodities in the agropolitan area of the Sumber sub-district are potatoes, carrots, cabbage, leeks and dairy cows. The priority villages are Ledokombo and Pandansari. The agropolitan area development program is an increase in the production of food crops, horticulture and animal husbandry, increased processing of products, increased marketing and increased institutional support, (2) the conditions of production transportation , marketing and infrastructure facilities are not good, (3) agribusiness area development strategy is to optimize the strength / potential that is owned to take advantage of the opportunities available Keywords—: Development Strategy; Agropolitan; SWOT analysis

Area-based citrus commodity development to grow the regional economy of Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province

The Development of Horticultural Agribusiness Areas (PKAH) is one of the implementations of the Ministry of Agriculture’s policy, where the development of superior commodities is directed at developing areas which are integrated vertically and/or horizontally with the consolidation of productive businesses based on community economic institutions that are highly competitive in local and international markets. This development study was carried out in one major citrus agribusiness area in Indonesia, namely Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province since January 2017 to December 2018. The aim of the study was to develop citrus agribusiness in Nunukan, North Kalimantan. The method used participatory development conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture, local government and farmer groups to formulate policy recommendations based on the results of applied research on farmers’ land in the border areas of Indonesia and Malaysia. The approach included the establishment of demonstration plots for technology implementation of Integrated Management of Healthy Citrus Orchard (IMHCO), field assistance, and program evaluation. This involved four farmer groups and 17 farmers. Primary data were collected by survey and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that (1) the establishment and maintenance of the demonstration plots which were managed properly and consistently had been carried out on new crops and productive crops of 10 hectares each; (2) farmers assisted intensively had applied 95% of the IMHCO technology, while farmer groups nearby the location of IMHCO treatment had applied 80-90% of the IMHCO technology, and less active farmers only applied 55% of the IMHCO technology; (3) farmers had comprehended all the technology components in IMHCO, indicated by the understanding and application scores ranged from 2.38‒3.00.

Farmers’ institutional transformation in the shallot area of Malang District, Indonesia

The main problem in developing the shallot area in Malang District is the weak institutional consolidation of farmers. This article aims to formulate a strategy for the transformation of existing farmer institutions towards the institutionalization of farmer corporations in the shallot area. The research method was carried out with a case study approach through in-depth interviews with eight units of farmer group management, four farmer group associations, and one cooperative institution in two sample subdistricts, namely Ngantang and Pujon, in Malang District, East Java Province. The research was conducted in July 2019. The results showed that the institutional performance of the farmer group association was at a moderate level measured by the role and business activities, while the cooperative was at a less developed level in encouraging the development of competitive and sustainable shallot agribusiness areas. The institutional performance of farmer group associations and cooperatives has shown that they are starting to work, but the working mechanism is not yet effective. The strategy for the institutional transformation of association and cooperatives towards farmer corporations can be carried out by adding new structures to follow an integrated agribusiness, expanding the objectives to be achieved, adding new business activities, and strengthening horizontal and vertical through integrated agribusiness partnerships.

Analysing the dynamics of land use in the context of current conservation policies and land tenure in the Cerrado – MATOPIBA region (Brazil)

The side effect of the expansion of agricultural activities in the Brazilian Cerrado resulted in a loss of its native vegetation, biodiversity decline, and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Recent expansion has mainly occurred in the northern Cerrado, a region known as MATOPIBA, which is the latest agricultural frontier in Brazil and is largely cultivated for agricultural commodities. In this paper, we investigate the spatiotemporal behaviour of Cerrado vegetation and agricultural areas in the Cerrado – MATOPIBA (CM) region between 1990 and 2017. Moreover, we analyse the planted area expansion of soybean and other important crops for the region and their productivity, and examine how pasturelands have changed over time. We also present a map of private rural lands and analyse whether they comply with the national Forest Code (FC) regarding in-farm areas of natural vegetation that ought to be preserved by law. Finally, we estimate how much of the current deforestation rates could be avoided in the CM region if the Soy Moratorium (SoyM) or the FC are implemented. Results show a loss of almost 8.4 Mha of the Cerrado vegetation in the study area and an expansion of 4.3 Mha of agricultural lands between 1990 and 2017. Our analysis indicates that soybean planted areas expanded by 326% between 2000 and 2017 and that soybean average productivity increased from 2483 kg/ha in 2000 to 2906 kg/ha in 2017. In addition to soybean, other crops also contributed to the agribusiness economy in the CM region, with corn being the crop with the greatest expansion of planted areas over the same period (643,443 ha), and cotton the cultivation with the highest increase in productivity (from 2300 kg/ha to 3822 kg/ha) in these 17 analysed years. Pasturelands expanded from 6.4 Mha in 2000 to 9.8 Mha in 2017. In 2018, private rural properties consisted of only 7188 large properties and occupied 19.5 Mha, whereas small and medium properties accounted for 136,586 farms and covered a total of only 17.5 Mha. With respect to the national FC, the deficit of preservation areas in the CM region, in relation to the agricultural area of each municipality, totalled almost 1.4 Mha in 2017, with large properties responsible for 57% of this deficit. Looking at the policies and mechanisms to protect the native vegetation of the CM region, we have that 17,219,250 ha can still be legally deforested on the rural properties in this region; and, if the SoyM was expanded to the Cerrado – MATOPIBA region, almost 900,000 ha covered by native vegetation on the categories of farms selected would have been prevented to be converted to soybeans since 2010. The findings from this paper provide a comprehensive understanding of the land use and land cover changes and of the Cerrado deforestation patterns in the CM region for the last decades, and gather information on conservation policies in place to suggest improvements. Several datasets were combined, mainly focus on quantitative analysis, to investigate the geospatial dynamics of natural and agribusiness areas in the study region, and suggest the need to reinforce the preservation of Cerrado native vegetation areas, particularly those that are liable to be legally deforested.

Solar Irrigation System, Auto Fencing, Monitoring and Control using IOT

Agricultural strategies are changing quickly as a result of late advances in sustainable power innovation. The new headways in environmentally friendly power can be adequately utilized in the agribusiness area to decrease reliance on regular harvests water system procedures and petroleum derivatives. The Solar-Powered Smart Irrigation System intends to give an IoT arrangement in computerizing the watering interaction utilizing an Arduino-based microcontroller and sensors. It is an energy proficient and eco-accommodating framework that produces power from the photovoltaic cells to supply water to the plants from the water siphons. The watering cycle is driven by the dampness substance of the dirt utilizing sensors. Edge limit are set for soil dampness sensor to guarantee productive and viable utilization of water asset. The fundamental microcontroller unit controls the framework at whatever point the sensor is across limit esteem. Likewise, the framework has implicit temperature and dampness sensors to screen the environment condition on the particular climate. Another sensor is carried out to gauge the water tank level which fills in as capacity limit that provisions the water to the framework. With the incorporation of IoT, mechanized water system can be effectively access and distantly checked over the versatile application through a remote specialized gadget. With these shrewd water system procedures, it replaces the customary water system framework that helps decline the manual intercession and mix-ups

Analysis of the Agropolitan Area Development in the Sumber sub-district, Probolinggo Regency in 2020

The research, entitled Analysis of the Agropolitan Area Development in the Sumber sub-district, Probolinggo Regency in 2020 aims: (1) To analyze the potential development of production centers and programs in the Agropolitan Area in Sumber Sub-district (2) To analyze facilities and infrastructure need for developing agropolitan areas in the sub-district Sumber for 5 years (3) Determine the strategy for developing agropolitan areas in the Sumber Sub - district. Samples or informants were selected by purposive sampling method that consists of: (1) Regional Government, (2) group of farmers working on superior commodities, (3) marketing institutions in agropolitan areas. The data analysis method is divided into three models, namely (1) SWOT analysis, (2) Mapping production centers and superior commodities, (3) agropolitan area development strategy.The results of the research are (1) The leading commodities in the agropolitan area of the Sumber sub-district are potatoes, carrots, cabbage, leeks and dairy cows. The priority villages are Ledokombo and Pandansari. The agropolitan area development program is an increase in the production of food crops, horticulture and animal husbandry, increased processing of products, increased marketing and increased institutional support, (2) the conditions of production transportation , marketing and infrastructure facilities are not good, (3) agribusiness area development strategy is to optimize the strength / potential that is owned to take advantage of the opportunities available Keywords—: Development Strategy; Agropolitan; SWOT analysisÂ

Bradyrhizobium as the Only Rhizobial Inhabitant of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Nodules in Tropical Soils: A Strategy Based on Microbiome for Improving Biological Nitrogen Fixation Using Bio-Products.

The mung bean has a great potential under tropical conditions given its high content of grain protein. Additionally, its ability to benefit from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) through association with native rhizobia inhabiting nodule microbiome provides most of the nitrogen independence on fertilizers. Soil microbial communities which are influenced by biogeographical factors and soil properties, represent a source of rhizobacteria capable of stimulating plant growth. The objective of this study is to support selection of beneficial bacteria that form positive interactions with mung bean plants cultivated in tropical soils, as part of a seed inoculation program for increasing grain yield based on the BNF and other mechanisms. Two mung bean genotypes (Camaleão and Esmeralda) were cultivated in 10 soil samples. Nodule microbiome was characterized by next-generation sequencing using Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA. More than 99% of nodule sequences showed similarity with Bradyrhizobium genus, the only rhizobial present in nodules in our study. Higher bacterial diversity of soil samples collected in agribusiness areas (MW_MT-I, II or III) was associated with Esmeralda genotype, while an organic agroecosystem soil sample (SE_RJ-V) showed the highest bacterial diversity independent of genotype. Furthermore, OTUs close to Bradyrhizobium elkanii have dominated in all soil samples, except in the sample from the organic agroecosystem, where just B. japonicum was present. Bacterial community of mung bean nodules is mainly influenced by soil pH, K, Ca, and P. Besides a difference on nodule colonization by OTU sequences close to the Pseudomonas genus regarding the two genotypes was detected too. Although representing a small rate, around 0.1% of the total, Pseudomonas OTUs were only retrieved from nodules of Esmeralda genotype, suggesting a different trait regarding specificity between macro- and micro-symbionts. The microbiome analysis will guide the next steps in the development of an inoculant for mung bean aiming to promote plant growth and grain yield, composed either by an efficient Bradyrhizobium strain on its own or co-inoculated with a Pseudomonas strain. Considering the results achieved, the assessment of microbial ecology parameters is a potent coadjuvant capable to accelerate the inoculant development process and to improve the benefits to the crop by soil microorganisms.

RURAL AGRIBUSINESS-BASED AGROPOLITAN AREA DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SUSTAINABILITY: REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH PERSPECTIVES

Regional development in developing countries is predominantly oriented towards exploitation of natural resources and tends to ignore environmental problems. Optimization of the utilization of natural resources towards the development of the agropolitan area has an impact on economic growth and increases farmers’ income in rural areas. This study aims to examine the significance of the development of agropolitan-based agribusiness areas in rural areas and the direct and indirect relationship of the development of agropolitan-based agropolitan areas to the improvement of community productive economic endeavors and ecosystem sustainability. Research data were obtained through observation, surveys, and documentation. The research method used a qualitative-quantitative combination in sequence. The results of the regression analysis show that the development of the agropolitan area has a significant effect on regional economic growth, and the results of the path analysis confirm that the development of the agropolitan area based on rural agribusiness has a significant effect on increasing the productive economy of the community and the ecosystem sustainability. The results of this study confirm that an increase in the productivity of the regional economic base sector has an impact on the development of agropolitan areas based on the rural agribusiness system in the direction of increasing community income and the regional economy. This article offers the concept of system integration in the development of agropolitan areas based on ecosystem sustainability and regional economic growth in developing countries. Keywords: Agropolitan Area; Economic Growth; Rural Agrobusiness; Economic Effort; Ecosystem Sustainability JEL Classification: Q5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10184