Areas In Malaysia Research Articles

IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY AT ACCIDENT-PRONE AREAS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN GLOW-IN-THE-DARK AND CONVENTIONAL ROAD MARKING

Driving at night is challenging due to poor vision, poor road visual guidance, and the need to encounter bright light sources. Factors like lack of street lighting, fading, and lack of reflectivity by road studs and retro-reflective materials affect road users' vision at night. Commentators have pointed out there is a critical demand to improve road safety in preventing road accidents and hazards that caused by the poor visibility of road markings and inadequacy lighting. Although road safety management has been given an important focus by the Ministry of Transportation Malaysia to achieve 50% reduction of road accidents by 2030, there is a critical demand to improve the present road markings method to overcome the issues of poor visibility or unclear road markings and inadequacy lighting that may trigger potential hazards to road users at night, with a new innovative road marking technology. Therefore, this paper is prepared with the objective to present the outcome of comparative study between the present conventional road markings and the newly innovative technology of glow-in-the-dark method with specific reference to the road safety management in Malaysia. This study employed a questionnaire survey to interview fifty-one (51) respondents that have experience of driving at night, with the objectives to get their opinions on present condition of road markings in Malaysia, and how the newly innovative technology glow-in-the-dark can improve road safety in Malaysia. The study outcome revealed that the glow-in-the-dark is deemed appropriate to enhance the visibility during low-light conditions as compared to the present conventional road markings. Although the initial cost is higher, the economic advantages of glow-in-the-dark in reducing the streetlight usage, lower electrical costs, and substantially extended lifespan have made this newly innovative road marking outweighed the downsides and economically wise choice to revolutionize road safety management practice at the accident-prone areas in Malaysia for achieving the SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being.

The Analysis of Tourism Attitudes using Natural Language Processing Techniques: A Case of Malaysian Tourists

The spread of COVID-19 has had a significant impact on all facets of the global tourism sector, particularly in Thailand, one of the world’s leading travel destinations. At the height of the epidemic, many countries imposed a nationwide lockdown, prohibiting all citizens from leaving the country and all foreign tourists from entering. This led to a global shutdown that significantly affected the daily lives of billions of people and seriously impacted the travel and tourism industry. After a two-year hiatus due to the epidemic, the situation eased and the lockdown restrictions were lifted. An interesting question is how visitors’ attitudes and preferences changed when compared to the time before the outbreak. This study attempts to answer this question by focusing on Malaysian visitors’ attitudes and perceptions toward destinations in southern Thailand. The study examines the perceptions of Malaysian Twitter (now X) users from three areas in Malaysia; Kedah, Perlis, and Kuala Lumpur, by employing Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques such as sentiment analysis and topic modeling. Then, tweet data before and after the lockdowns were gathered, analyzed, and compared. For sentiment analysis, it was found that, when neutral tweets were disregarded, results both before and after the COVID-19 lockdowns revealed that the attitudes conveyed by Malaysian tourists were overall positive especially a territory and a state that are more far away from Thailand, i.e., Kuala Lumpur and Kedah. The results from the topic modeling analysis showed a meaningful distinction between before and after the COVID-19 lockdowns. Practical suggestions are offered for tourism policymakers to identify and address both the strengths and weaknesses of tourism development in Southern Thailand.

ADVANCED SMART PARKING BARRIERS: DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND IMPACT ON URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

This study investigates the creation and execution of an intelligent individual parking barrier system aimed at resolving urban parking difficulties in Malaysia. The project adheres to a systematic methodology that includes conceptual design, detailed design, prototype creation, testing and validation, data analysis and refinement, and implementation and deployment. The system's lifetime and efficacy are guaranteed by the inventive use of durable materials and advanced sensor technologies. Additionally, convenience and security are enhanced by a user-friendly wireless control system. The data analysis confirms that the system is highly reliable, with sensors that have a 95% success rate in detecting events and low delay in wireless control operation. The concept is in line with larger smart city projects, such as the Kuala Lumpur Smart City Blueprint, which aims to promote parking options that are both efficient and secure. In addition, the system promotes environmental sustainability by minimizing emissions related to the search for parking. It also aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, namely SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). This study showcases the possibility of implementing the proposed system on a large scale in different urban areas in Malaysia, therefore leading to the development of more intelligent and effective urban infrastructure.

Treatment of Marine Clay Strength Behavior by Demolished Tile Materials and Cement

Known as a problematic soil in the civil engineering field, a sustainable solution to marine clay soil strength behaviour is needed. Another major concern in the engineering field is the solid waste management. Demolished Tile Material (DTM) is one of the largest contributors to construction waste. By utilizing DTM as a stabilizer product to treat marine clay soil, both problems can be minimized. The primary objective of this study is to assess the improvement in marine clay soil's strength characteristics through the addition of DTM and cement. Various proportions of DTM (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20%) were incorporated into the soil, with a constant 10% cement content. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) measurements were taken at different curing times (0, 7, 14, 28, and 60 days). Results indicate a significant increase in UCS after treating marine clay with DTM and cement, with the most substantial improvement observed at 16% DTM content. The study also emphasizes the role of curing time in enhancing soil strength. The research findings shows that the potential of repurposing DTM for soil stabilization, reducing construction waste, and promoting environmentally responsible construction practices. This study also contributes to the sustainable development of marine clay areas in Malaysia and offers valuable insights for soil engineering and waste management in construction projects.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in blood serum of adults living in high and low-traffic volume areas in Malaysia: A comparative cross-sectional study

Ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originate predominantly from fuel combustion of motor vehicles and have the potential to affect human health. However, there is insufficient knowledge regarding serum PAHs health risks among the Malaysian population. This study aims to compare PAH concentrations, distributions, correlations, and health risks in 202 blood serum samples drawn from residents living in high-traffic volume areas (Kuala Lumpur) and low-traffic volume areas (Hulu Langat) in Malaysia. Solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to extract and analyze blood serum samples. Questionnaires were distributed to obtain sociodemographic and contributing factors of serum PAHs. The mean total PAHs concentration in serum of the Kuala Lumpur group was 54.44 ng g−1 lipids, double the Hulu Langat group's concentration (25.7 ng g−1 lipids). Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IcP) and acenaphthene (ACP) feature the most and least abundant compounds in both study groups. The mean concentrations of IcP and ACP in the Kuala Lumpur and Hulu Langat groups were 26.8 vs 12.68 and 0.27 vs 0.14 ng g−1 lipids, respectively. High-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs) composed 85% of serum total PAHs in both groups. Significant correlations were found (i) between the individual serum PAH congeners (p < 0.01) and (ii) between serum PAHs and total lipids (p < 0.01). According to the questionnaire data, high traffic volume and outdoor hobbies were the only contributory factors that confirmed significant relationships with serum PAHs (p < 0.001). Health risk assessment was computed using benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) equivalent (BaPeq) and demonstrated that the Kuala Lumpur group has twofold greater carcinogenic risk than the Hulu Langat group (16.11 vs 7.76 ng g−1 lipids). Our study reveals that traffic volumes notably impact serum PAH levels and general health among the Malaysian population.

What makes consumers buy from the informal rather than formal retail market? A consumption value perspective

Purpose This paper aims to understand consumption values buying from informal retail markets (i.e., street vendor retailing). It also explores why consumers prefer daily necessary goods from the informal compared to the formal retail market (such as supermarkets, retail chain outlets and e-commerce). Design/methodology/approach Employing the qualitative research approach, this study collected data from nine respondents in two areas in Malaysia. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using the thematic analysis technique. Only representative verbatim codes were presented under five themes of consumption value theory. Findings Consumers are triggered by the convenience, ease, and exclusive products (conditional value), friendly and known relationship with informal sellers, as well as the availability of some particular food items (emotional value) and lower price and freshness of groceries (functional value) while buying from informal compared to formal retail vendor. Research limitations/implications This study provides knowledge implications to the consumption value theory. Functional, emotional, and conditional values are the dominant components of purchase behaviour in informal compared to formal retail channels. Social values are common, whereas epistemic value is more substantial in formal retailing. Practical implications Findings are helpful for informal retail businesses to understand consumers' buying behaviour. Informal retail owners should ensure that commodities are fresh, highly affordable and available in the local communities. Building a friendly relationship with consumers would be a key to the success of this retail sector. Social implications Authorities should support informal sellers to set up mobile retail stores in residential areas. This effort would offer greater convenience to both parties in informal businesses and ensure informal sellers' financial and social well-being. Originality/value Despite the widespread acceptance of buying goods from informal retail vendors, research on consumption value in informal retailing is largely overlooked. Previous research primarily deals with formal market phenomena due to their size and economic contribution. Consequently, current literature lacks an understanding of why consumers prefer to buy from informal retail vendors for their daily groceries when the formal retail channel could fulfil similar needs. Using a qualitative research design, this research uncovers consumers' buying motives from informal compared to formal vendors.

The contributions of grandparents to preadolescent grandchildren's social skills in rural Malaysia.

This study aimed to generate localized knowledge by investigating the perceptions and experiences of preadolescent grandchildren and grandparents regarding grandparenting and intergenerational interactions and how these processes were related to the social skills of preadolescents from three ethnic groups in Malaysia. Using a concurrent quantitative-qualitative mixed method research design, Chinese, Malay, and Indian preadolescents (N = 465; ages 9-12 years old; M = 10.27 years; SD = 1.03) from rural areas in Malaysia completed a self-administered quantitative survey; furthermore, 25 grandparents participated in one-on-one interviews. Survey findings showed that preadolescent grandchildren who reported higher grandparental warmth and support had greater social skills, mediated by positive grandparent-grandchildren (GP-GC) relationships. The GP-GC relationship and preadolescent social skills association was stronger for skipped generation compared to three-generation households. Interview findings revealed that grandparents expressed unconditional love and autonomy support in their grandparenting roles by guiding and encouraging their preadolescent grandchildren to make decisions. The GP-GC interactions served as a dynamic force in promoting preadolescents' social skills. By employing a decolonized approach and drawing on the lived experiences of grandparents from three ethnic backgrounds in rural Malaysia, the study provided an understanding of grandparenting practices and their general implications across the three ethnic groups. The interview responses highlighted both commonalities and specificities in grandparenting practices and relationship dynamics shaped by religious, class, and sociocultural dimensions in rural Malaysia.

Predicting Haze Phenomenon using Chaos Theory in Industrial Area in Malaysia

Predicting Haze Phenomenon using Chaos Theory in Industrial Area in Malaysia

The Distribution of Public Tobacco Cessation Clinics in Relation to the Socioeconomic Status of the Malaysian Population

Objective: To identify, locate, and examine the distribution of public tobacco cessation clinics in all Malaysian states using a Geographical Information System (GIS) and determine the relationship between the distribution of public tobacco cessation clinics and the population's socioeconomic status. Material and Methods: All registered public tobacco cessation clinics in each state were identified through the mQuit website. Based on the extracted addresses, each clinic's coordinates (longitudes and latitudes) were traced using Google Maps and transferred into Geographical Information System (GIS) for mapping purposes. Results: Wilayah Persekutuan (W.P.) Kuala Lumpur recorded the lowest ratio of public tobacco cessation clinics to the number of smokers, with 1:25,265 (one clinic to 25,265 smokers), while the highest ratio was in W.P. Putrajaya, with 1:2,118. In relation to socioeconomic status, the highest mean household income was recorded in W.P. Kuala Lumpur (mean gross income: RM 11,692), the same state with the lowest ratio of public tobacco cessation clinics. In contrast, Kelantan had the lowest mean household income (mean gross income: RM 4,214), and the ratio of public tobacco cessation clinics to the number of smokers was 1:8,383. The distribution of public tobacco cessation clinics was highly concentrated in the capital area compared to other areas in Malaysia. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the distribution of public tobacco cessation clinics using GIS. The findings showed an unequal distribution of public tobacco cessation clinics, with low distribution, especially in Sabah and W.P. Kuala Lumpur.

Knowledge and Practices on Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls in Rural Areas in Malaysia

Learning about menstrual hygiene is one of the most important aspects of health education, especially for adolescent girls. Many adolescent girls have insufficient knowledge about menstrual hygiene awareness, which can lead to unhealthy behaviours and practices during menstruation. This study set out to observe the knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent girls in rural areas. One hundred adolescent girls from the rural areas located in Negeri Sembilan were involved in this study. Respondents need to fill up three parts of the questionnaire, i.e., demographic information, general information about menstruation, and menstrual hygiene practices. Results from this study found that the majority of the respondents attained menarche at the age of 12-15 years. The main source of information about menstruation among respondents is obtained from their mothers (60%). In practice, around 69% of them change their sanitary pads thrice daily. Most respondents (80%) dispose of used sanitary pads in the dustbin. Also, 60% reported changing sanitary pads at school. Concisely, 90% of them still need more information about menstruation and menstrual hygiene. Hence, educating them on this issue is essential so they can practice properly and hygienically during menstruation.

Cold War Elements: a Discussion on the Influence of the Cold War on the Communist Party of Malaya from 1948 to 1989

Abstract The Communist Party of Malaya (cpm) evolved under the impact of the Cold War. Considering that the cpm was a left-wing political party that had a significant impact on many areas of Malaysia, this study tries to identify and investigate the causes of the cpm’s inability to win the political fight from 1948 to 1989. Both domestic and internal party issues, along with the Cold War scenario, were a significant component that could not be neglected by the researchers.

Genetic diversity of the S-type small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from Sabah, Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia

Objective: To determine the genetic diversity of Plasmodium (P.) knowlesi isolates from Sabah, Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia, targeting the S-type SSU rRNA gene and including aspects of natural selection and haplotype. Methods: Thirty-nine blood samples infected with P. knowlesi were collected in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. The S-type SSU rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction, cloned into a vector, and sequenced. The natural selection and haplotype of the S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences were determined using DnaSP v6 and illustrated using NETWORK v10. This study's 39 S-type SSU rRNA sequences and eight sequences from the Genbank database were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11. Results: Overall, the phylogenetic analysis showed no evidence of a geographical cluster of P. knowlesi isolates from different areas in Malaysia based on the S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences. The S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences were relatively conserved and with a purifying effect. Haplotype sharing of the S-type SSU rRNA gene was observed between the P. knowlesi isolates in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, but not between Sabah, Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. Conclusions: This study suggests that the S-type SSU rRNA gene of P. knowlesi isolates in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, and Peninsular Malaysia has fewer polymorphic sites, representing the conservation of the gene. These features make the S-type SSU rRNA gene suitable for comparative studies, such as determining the evolutionary relationships and common ancestry among P. knowlesi species.

The Relationship Between Achievement Goal Orientation and Academic Buoyancy in Mathematics among Secondary School Students in FELDA Areas, Malaysia

Multiple studies have found a correlation between achievement goal orientation and academic buoyancy, which is the ability of students to overcome academic setbacks. Nevertheless, there is a lack of reference on achievement goal orientation for academic buoyancy among students in Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) areas of Malaysia, especially for future workforce development. Hence, this study aims to examine the relationship between achievement goal orientation and academic buoyancy in mathematics achievement among FELDA students. This study employed a correlational research design to collect quantitative data via questionnaires from 462 students. The descriptive statistics indicated that the average academic buoyancy value was moderate. In addition, avoidance of mastery and performance had higher descriptive mean values than mastery approach and performance approach. Academic buoyancy was also found to be moderately positively associated with the mastery approach (r = 0.538), the performance approach (r = 0.411), and the performance avoidance orientation (r = 0.381). Mastery avoidance orientation exhibited the weakest positive relationship (r = 0.184). These findings shed light on how to foster students' achievement goal orientation in their ability to overcome academic setbacks. A sign of mastery avoidance had informed a need to focus on mastery of content for increasing academic buoyancy.

Characterisation of storm runoff contamination from a tropical urban residential area in Malaysia

It has been quite a long time since the Malaysian government endorsed the Urban Storm Water Management Manual (USWMM) in 2000. Until now, there is no proper and detailed database on the non-point source contamination characteristics from various land uses in tropical regions of Malaysia. As such this study was conducted to fill part of the information gap pertaining to the nature of runoff quality in the tropical regions. The combined sewer outfall of a 6.14 ha residential area in Malaysia was studied to characterise the urban runoff quality generated due to tropical rain. As the drainage outlet discharges sullage and storm runoff through the same drainage network, hourly flow pattern and contaminant concentrations were determined both for sullage and storm runoff. Basic statistical analysis was conducted to determine the mean, standard deviation and event mean concentration values for the study area, for which such data was not available. It was observed that the runoff generated from the area is polluted due to high total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The runoff contained more total organic carbon (TOC) than total inorganic carbon (TIC). The EMC values of BOD, COD, TSS, TOC, total Kjeldhal nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen and orthophosphate were 35, 168, 177, 11, 0.32, 0.54, 0.16 mg/L, respectively. The presence of heavy metals in the runoff was low. The EMC values of lead, zinc, nickel, cadmium, chromium and copper were 0.061, 0.358, 0.002, 0.002, 0.025 and 0.022 mg/L, respectively. Due to the high quantity of rainfall, a significant amount of annual contamination loading is generated from the nonpoint sources of the residential area.

Bird diversity in Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve: Biological data of environmentally sensitive area in east coast Peninsular Malaysia

Malaysia had developed guidelines to develop and conserve environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs), which mainly based on physical attributes, disregarding the biological elements. A recent study has identified ten potential biological parameters to be integrated into the ESA classification, especially for permanent forest reserve. However, the information on biological parameters is still scarce and inadequate, requiring extensive research on species diversity and its distribution especially on bird assemblages. Hence, a study on bird diversity was conducted over five sampling sessions from April to July 2023 in one of ESA permanent forest reserve, Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve, located in east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 76 species from 32 families were documented based on observation which is 51 species of the total species recorded, 31 species by mist-netting and 12 species with bird calling. The diversity (Simpson Index = 0.952 to 0.974, Shannon Index = 3.045 to 3.638) between sessions was compared. Based on Chao 2 estimator, the total species richness in the study area was estimated to be between 77 and 80 species. This comprehensive documentation highlights the previously underreported bird diversity in the forest reserve, emphasizing the need for including biological parameters as a classification attribute for environmentally sensitive area in Malaysia.

South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS) II - a multi-country evaluation of nutrition and lifestyle indicators in children aged 12 years and below: rationale and design.

To assess the nutritional status, growth parameters and lifestyle behaviours of children between 0·5 and 12 years in nationally representative samples in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the four countries, between May 2019 and April 2021. Data collected can be categorised into four categories: (1) Growth - anthropometry, body composition, development disorder, (2) nutrient intake and dietary habits - 24-h dietary recall, child food habits, breast-feeding and complementary feeding, (3) socio-economic status - food insecurity and child health status/environmental and (4) lifestyle behaviours - physical activity patterns, fitness, sunlight exposure, sleep patterns, body image and behavioural problems. Blood samples were also collected for biochemical and metabolomic analyses. With the pandemic emerging during the study, a COVID-19 questionnaire was developed and implemented. Both rural and urban areas in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. Children who were well, with no physical disability or serious infections/injuries and between the age of 0·5 and 12 years old, were recruited. The South East Asian Nutrition Surveys II recruited 13933 children. Depending on the country, data collection from children was conducted in schools and commune health centres, or temples, or sub-district administrative organisations. The results will provide up-to-date insights into nutritional status and lifestyle behaviours of children in the four countries. Subsequently, these data will facilitate exploration of potential gaps in dietary intake among Southeast Asian children and enable local authorities to plan future nutrition and lifestyle intervention strategies.

Isolation and Characterization of Caffeine-Degrading Bacteria from Coffee Plantation Areas in Malaysia

Isolation and Characterization of Caffeine-Degrading Bacteria from Coffee Plantation Areas in Malaysia

Present Condition of the Protected Area of Endangered Asian Arowana (Scleropages formosus) Golden-Red in East-Central Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract The only location for the protection of Arowana golden-red in its natural habitat is in east-central Sumatra. Currently, the area is being invaded by oil palm plantations. This research identified the present conditions in that conservation area, specifically focusing on land-use situation and aquatic organism distribution and diversity. We designated four sampling sites according to the stratification of river flows that pass through the Arowana golden-red conservation area and present land use. The research showed that oil palm plantation was the largest land use in the Arowana golden-red conservation area covering 61.2% (2,310.84 ha). The swamp forest which is the habitat of Arowana golden-red only remained at 6.99% (263.98 ha). In the study area, aquatic organisms were identified as 47 species with a total of 424 individuals: 7 genera of Benthos, 11 species of Planktonic algae, and 29 species of Fish. The diversity index was in the range of 0.46–2.45. The diversity of aquatic organisms was found to be comparable to or higher than other areas in Malaysia and Indonesia such as Aceh province and Kalimantan. However, only 31 individuals of Arowana golden-red were found in the swamp forest in Middle Mahato. This site should be a priority area to save the Arowana golden-red.

Depressive symptoms among adults: Baseline findings of PURE Malaysia cohort study

IntroductionIn Malaysia, the prevalence of depression has increased from 1.8 % to 2.3 % within a decade. Thus, this study was performed to identify depressive symptoms and its associated factors among Malaysian adults. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult population aged 35–70 residing in rural and urban areas in Malaysia. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the short form Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) questionnaire. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify the associated factors related to depressive symptoms. ResultsAbout 3.7 % (95 % CI: 2.33–4.83) of the respondents reported having depressive symptoms. Younger adults aged 35–40 years old (AOR: 3.087; 95 % CI: 2.021–4.717), females (AOR: 2.318; 95 % CI: 1.669–3.219), widows and divorcees (AOR: 2.294; 95 % CI: 1.085–4.848), smokers (AOR: 1.843; 95 % CI: 1.334–2.545) and alcohol consumers (AOR: 1.843; 95 % CI: 1.264–2.688) showed a higher odds compared to their other counterparts. Underweight individuals (AOR: 1.899; 95 % CI: 1.177–3.065) and those diagnosed either with hypertension (AOR: 1.442; 95 % CI: 1.11–1.873), diabetes (AOR: 1.554; 95 % CI: 1.133–2.13), angina (AOR: 2.73; 95 % CI: 1.596–4.67), COPD (AOR: 4.187; 95 % CI: 1.528–11.472) or asthma (AOR: 1.906; 95 % CI: 1.309–2.774) were more likely to have depressive symptoms. Additionally, individuals with difficulty trusting people (AOR: 1.477; 95 % CI: 1.024–2.13) and those reported to experience either home or work-related stress (AOR: 2.584; 95 % CI: 2.003–3.331) were more prone to have depressive symptoms. ConclusionIn this broad population-based study, about 3.7 % (95 % CI: 2.33–4.83) of respondents reported having depressive symptoms. Timely and well targeted collaborative intervention on the identified risk factors by the relevant authorities, would mitigate their effect on the quality of life and retard the progression into depression, especially among younger adults.

Design and analyzing a hybrid hydro and solar photovoltaic system for rural areas in Malaysia

Some rural areas worldwide, including Malaysia, are not electrified due to geographical constraints, less infrastructure development, and isolation from the main power grid. In addition, renewable energy (RE) sources are considered alternatives to replace conventional (non-RE) sources that cause pollution. However, RE sources have limitations, such as the dependency of weather and geological conditions. To address this issue, a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is introduced by connecting one RE and non-RE source or more than one RE with or without non-RE sources. In this study, a stand-alone hybrid hydro and solar photovoltaic (PV) HRES was designed for Rumah Bada in Nanga Talong, Ulu Engkari. As the site has limited information on load consumption and geographical data, estimations were done based on similar studies. The available solar PV and hydro system at the site was identified with the respective parameters. The proposed system was based on the hybrid AC-DC microgrid, along with two alternatives based on the AC and DC microgrid, respectively. Technical analysis was done to find out the capability of the system by calculating the power generated during different periods and performing the load flow analysis using the PowerWorld Simulator. Apart from that, economic analysis was done to find out the most cost-efficient system by calculating the net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) using HOMER Pro.