Areas Of Self-care Research Articles

Measurement properties of the Spanish COPM in older adult rehabilitation inpatients

Aims To analyse the measurement properties of the Spanish version of the COPM (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure) in older adult rehabilitation inpatients. Method A sample of 172 users from 17 inpatient care facilities for older adults (47% nursing homes) participated in a quantitative prospective study. We examined validity by correlating the COPM with the Barthel Index (BI), the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (IADL), the EuroQol-five domains-three level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L), and the Client-Centred Rehabilitation Questionnaire (CCRQ) and by examining associations with demographic variables. Reliability was evaluated through test-retest and responsiveness through differences in change scores in two types of care facilities. Results Participants prioritised 637 occupational performance problems, mainly in the area of self-care (70.5%). The COPM scale scores were significantly correlated with BI, IADL, EQ-5D-3L (except the pain dimension), and CCRQ (except the family involvement and continuity dimensions). COPM scores did not show statistically significant differences concerning educational level. Regarding reliability, high test-retest correlations were obtained (>.80). Nursing home users showed less responsiveness to rehabilitation than other users (change score < 2 vs. > 2 points). Conclusion and significance The Spanish COPM provides satisfactory measurement properties as a client-centred instrument in older adult rehabilitation inpatient.

Abstract TP88: The Role of Tele-Occupational Therapy to Facilitate Occupational Performance in Stroke Survivors Selected by Patient Reported Outcomes

After a stroke, coming back home is difficult for most stroke patients. Occupational Therapy (OT) promotes coping with this situation, but in-home intervention is scarce. Through patient reported outcomes (PROMs), an OT can detect possible needs in the areas of occupational performance (OP), and then provide the appropriate tools to facilitate occupation in areas of self-care, productivity and leisure. We aimed to evaluate a tele-OT intervention through a holistic app to provide OT after discharge from a comprehensive stroke center. Methods: Consecutive stroke patients discharged home were included in a multimodal digital follow-up program (NORA) through a mobile application validated for communication, education, adherence, risk factors control and PROMs/PREMs recollection. Patients with OT needs are offered a telematic visit to solve stroke-related doubts, everyday activities, home modifications promoting patient’s autonomy and self-care. A tele-OT satisfaction questionnaire (teleOT-PREM) was recollected. Results: Over two years, 993 patients were included in NORA follow-up and reported PROMs at 7-30 days. 147 (14.8%) patients presented OT needs and were included in our tele-OT intervention. Sixty-one were men, with a mean age of 68.5y and a median mRS of 2 at hospital discharge. Tele-OT patients reported worse PROMs than the global series: in HADS, 40.8% anxiety and 34.2% depression and in PROMIS-10 89.3% altered mental health and 82.1% altered physical health, as compared with 13.1%, 17.7%, 64.7%, and 54.8% respectively (p&lt;0.001) 108 patients answered the teleOT-PREM. The median usefulness of intervention (in a scale from 0-10) was 8.2 and 65% reported being “very satisfied” with the visit. Conclusion: Stroke has a direct impact on a person’s occupational performance. Follow-up by an expert of the occupation (OT) could help to identify the post-stroke patient’s needs and poor PROMs can be used as a selection tool. Tele-OT intervention may promote a better OP, facilitating the daily life activities and improving the quality of life. Tele-OT intervention was feasible and considered useful for most of our stroke patients with OT requirements.

Self-care in New Zealand: The role of the community pharmacy

Self-care is a growing area in community pharmacy globally. In a time where people are taking control over their own health care, the question of the degree of self-care available from community pharmacies is pertinent. New Zealand is a country that has publicly funded healthcare; with over 1000 community pharmacies catering to a population of 5 million people. Despite the availability and accessibility of community pharmacies, much remains unknown about how self-care is offered in community pharmacies and the extent to which it is provided. In addition to this lack of clarity, is the current period of reorganisation occurring in the New Zealand healthcare system. The current changes involve dis-establishing district health boards (DHBs) and unifying the New Zealand health system into one streamlined system. It leads us to question whether this move will change funding allocations and health priorities as well as how they affect service provision in community pharmacy. While research has shown that New Zealand is paving the way in medicines reclassification making medicines more accessible, other research shows a fragmentation exists in services provided by community pharmacies in the area of self-care. This article will highlight what is currently known about self-care in New Zealand, the gaps that exist and the current challenges in this area.

Poster (Clinical/Best Practice Implementation) ID 1998248

Background It is essential that individuals with spinal cord injury set their goals prior to their peripheral nerve transfer (PNT) surgery. Goal setting is a significant factor in pre-operative planning and is one way in which we can track performance and outcomes for these patients. Objectives To describe goal types identified by patients managed in the PNT-SCI rehab program at Lyndhurst-UHN. Cite and report the COPM outcomes in the domains of Self-care and Productivity. Methods A retrospective case series was conducted (n=14), charts were reviewed for type of goals and patient’s perception of goal attainment using COPM for a case series of three patients with tetraplegia who received PNT-SCI surgery and comprehensive rehabilitation. The changes in COPM are reported from baseline to 12 months post-surgery. Each patient identified three goals pre-surgery; their goals and the COPM were used to measure change over time. Results Ninety two percent of the identified goals were in the area of Self Care, and 8% were in the Productivity areas. Two of the patients who received PNT-SCI rehabilitation had an increase of 1 on the COPM, while one individual regressed by 2 points. That individual did not receive comprehensive rehabilitation. Conclusion It is known that recovery after PNT-SCI surgery can take 24 or more months. We reported COPM change scores at 12 months post surgery. The MCID is two points for COPM, ideally over 24 months we will see MCID of three or higher.

That’s a WRAP! Effects of the Wellness Recovery Action Plan on Occupational Performance of Allied Health Graduate Students

Abstract Date Presented 04/21/2023 This randomized controlled trial study explored use of the Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP) app in OT and allied health graduate students. Participants showed improvement in the occupational performance areas of self-care, productivity, and leisure. Primary Author and Speaker: Jennifer Maloney Additional Authors and Speakers: Savannah Fehnel, Rosh Bautista, Natalya Schienholz

Exploring perceived occupational performance among individuals with Vertigo in Jordan: A cross-sectional study

Purpose: To explore the self-perceived occupational performance in daily life activities in individuals with vertigo in Jordan. Existing evidence is limited on how vertigo affects performing daily life activities like self-care. Materials and methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design, and convenient sampling. Thirty individuals with vertigo ( M = 47.6 years, SD = 15.93) agreed to participate in this study, filled-out the study demographic and condition-related questionnaire, and completed the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure via a semi-structured interview with study research personnel. Data analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, analysis of frequencies, and Analysis of Variance. Results and conclusions: Individuals with vertigo reported low to average self-perceived occupational performance ( M = 4.13, SD = 1.64) and satisfaction ( M = 3.46, SD = 1.98). The most challenging area of occupation was self-care (66% of the reported challenging activities), followed by productivity (18%) and leisure (16%). Personal care activities were the most challenging from the self-care area (31%), household management activities from the productivity area (13%), and active recreation activities from the leisure area (7%). In conclusion, individuals with vertigo experience low to average occupational performance and satisfaction in daily life activities. Targeted interventions for individuals with vertigo should increase occupational performance in daily life activities, especially self-care.

Workers with medical restrictions and their perception of free time

Objective: To explore the perception of the use of free time by a group of workers with medical restrictions. Methodology: The analysis was based on interpretative phenomenology with in-depth interviews with 8 workers with medical restrictions. Results: Workers perceive the use of their free time in three contexts: health entities, the company and the home-family; where each space is configured as an extension of the medical service to continue with health care. The time they have outside their working day is not used for rest and leisure activities, but for health care activities. Conclusion: In the face of a health condition that generates restrictions, the existence of a transition from the activities that are performed in the area of leisure time to those that are focused on the area of self-care is identified, which generates an occupational imbalance and the risk of acquiring a disability.

Cotidiano de cuidadoras informais: perspectivas da terapia ocupacional

Abstract Introduction This article proposes to understand the daily life of informal caregivers through their narratives from the perspective of Occupational Therapy under the implications in occupational areas. Objective Analyze from the occupation areas of self-care, productivity and leisure, the narratives of women who exercise the role of informal caregiver. Method Qualitative research, with a narrative approach to obtain the experience of the caregivers since they assumed this role, through a semi-structured interview that was carried out with five informal caregivers belonging to the Valdivia commune, Los Ríos Region (Chile). Results Repercussions were identified in the self-care area, expressed in overload, multiplicity of roles, mood and sleep disorders. In terms of productivity, these women manage to reconcile their daily lives with their work, the support of third parties being a protective factor. Finally, in leisure time, the space for themselves is drastically reduced by both the work and the health situation, making it impossible to balance their routines. Conclusions Exercising the role of caregiver implies a change in occupational areas, which directly and indirectly affects daily life, since there is an abrupt break in the routine, enhanced by the lack of social support and / or the normalization of the performance of this role by women. In addition, the confinement measures due to COVID-19 increased the impact of the role of caregiver in the daily life of these women, expressed in a greater workload and a significant decrease in self-care.

Functional performance of children with Myelomeningocele submitted to intrauterine repair and conventional surgery

Introduction: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is an embryonic malformation that occurs in the first four weeks of gestation due to a failure in the closure of the neural tube. They have multifactorial etiology such as genetic and environmental factors that affect folic acid metabolism. Several anomalies may be associated with MMC, with the occurrence of hydrocephalus and Arnold Chiari type II malformation being most present. Surgical repair should ideally occur within the first 24 hours after birth to prevent or decrease the risk of infection, preservation of all viable nerve tissue, anatomical reconstitution. However, surgical repair of MMC intrauterine has shown substantial benefit in all babies submitted to this intervention. Objective: To compare the functional performance of children with MMC who underwent intrauterine surgical repair and those who did traditional surgery at birth. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out at the UCB School-Clinic, where children treated with MMC were evaluated, analyzing their motor status and functional performance using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) for a quantitative record of functional capacity and autonomy in daily activities, in the areas of self-care, mobility and social function. Results: There was a statistically significant relevance on the mobility function (p=0.01) for children who underwent intrauterine repair when compared to children who underwent traditional surgery. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship of better functionality of children who underwent intrauterine surgery when compared to children who underwent traditional surgery.

Health professionals' experiences with the PEDI-UG: What do Ugandan occupational therapists say about the utility and value of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-UG) for children with disabilities?

The Uganda version of Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-UG) was culturally adapted and validated from the PEDI-US, a tool used to evaluate the functional capability of children with or without disability aged 6months to 7.5years in the areas of self-care, mobility and social domains. A group of Ugandan occupational therapists with experience of using PEDI-UG participated in this study to explore the question: What do Ugandan occupational therapists say about the utility and value of the PEDI-UG for children with disabilities? A qualitative research design was chosen to explore the participants' viewpoints concerning the utility and value of the PEDI-UG for children with disabilities. Purposive sampling was used to recruit health professionals for the focus group discussions. Focus group discussions were carried out with 18 occupational therapists and nurses. Thematic analysis was performed to establish patterns and themes. Several challenges concerning the contextual use of PEDI-UG were reported. For example, PEDI-UG being culturally adapted in two languages (English and Luganda) makes it difficult for health professionals to use it for children whose caregivers are non-English or non-Luganda speakers. In addition, participants reported adapting the way they asked the assessment questions, struggling with how they interpreted the scores and observing the child's skills if required during PEDI-UG interviews with caregivers. The findings of this study suggest that health professionals are challenged with the use of the PEDI-UG assessment in diverse cultural contexts and/or languages. These challenges are important considerations for the PEDI-UG translation in different Uganda cultural languages and training health professionals on the use and value of PEDI-UG for children with disabilities.

SYMptoms in chronic heart failure imPACT on burden of treatment (SYMPACT): a cross-sectional survey.

AimsThis study aimed to describe patient‐reported symptoms and burden of treatment (BoT) experienced by patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). BoT describes the illness workload, individual capacity to perform that work, and resultant impact on the individual. Overwhelming BoT is related to poor quality of life and worse clinical outcomes. This research is the first to explore symptoms and BoT in people with CHF, in the UK.Methods and resultsThis is a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey of CHF patients. Participants completed the Heart Failure Symptom Survey (HFSS; max score 10) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ; max scores: physical 40, emotional 25, and total 105), which measured symptoms. BoT was measured with the Patient Experience with Treatment and Self‐management (PETS; max score 100) questionnaires. Participant characteristics and questionnaire results were summarized using descriptive statistics. Relationships between symptoms and BoT, summarized by the workload and impact indices, were explored using Spearman's and Pearson's correlation coefficients together with scatter plots. The survey was completed by 333 participants, mean age of 71 (±13) years old. The majority (89%) were recruited from secondary care NHS trusts, and 25% were female. All types of heart failure were represented. Mean symptom scores were as follows: HFSS burden score: 2.4 (±2.1), and MLHFQ scores: physical score 20 (±12.4), emotional score 9.9 (±8.1), and total score 41.3 (±26.3). The highest mean PETS domain scores were exercise [51.3 (±24.7)], diet [40.3 (±22.7)], difficulty with healthcare services [39.9 (±21.3)], and physical and mental fatigue [36.0 (±25.7)]. Pairwise correlations were observed between HFSS scores and MLHFQ physical and emotional sub‐scores with PETS workload and impact indices. Positive correlations were weak to moderate (0.326–0.487) between workload index and symptoms, and moderate to strong between impact index and symptoms (0.553–0.725). The P value was 0.006, adjusted by Bonferroni's correction.ConclusionsSymptoms are associated with BoT in CHF patients. Although symptom burden was low, CHF patients reported higher levels of burden around self‐care activities of exercise, diet, healthcare interaction, as well as physical and mental fatigue due to engagement with self‐care regimens. Observed higher levels of burden were in key self‐care areas for CHF and suggest areas where service delivery and support of CHF patients may be improved to reduce BoT. Clinicians could individualize their consultations by focusing on troublesome symptoms, as well as alleviating illness workload, which may better enable patients to live well with CHF.

Validity and Reliability of Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) for Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Purpose: This study was conducted to verify the validity and reliability of the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) for children with cerebral palsy by verifying the construct validity, difficulty, suitability, and cultural differences using Rasch analysis. Methods: From May 1, 2015, to February 27, 2020, 105 children with cerebral palsy aged 6 months–95 months (7 years and 11 months old) from Hospital Y located in Korea were included. In WeeFIM, 18 items were divided into 3 areas: Self-care 8 items, Motor 5 items, and Cognition 5 items. Analysis and separation reliability were analyzed. Results: In the Self-care area, the Grooming item and in the Motor area, the Transfer (Tub, Shower) item were judged as inappropriate items, and the order of difficulty was arranged without excluding the unsuitable items. In Self-acre, the most difficult item was Bathing, the easiest items were Eating and Bladder management, and the separation reliability was .87, the most difficult item in Motor was Stair, and the easiest item was Locomotion, and the separation reliability was .99. In Cognition, the most difficult item was Problem Solving, the easiest item was Communication, and the separation reliability was .95. Conclusion: The reliability and validity of WeeFIM was verified for children with cerebral palsy by applying Rasch Analysis. In future research, it is thought that additional research should be conducted by dividing the children by age and type so that they can be generalized.

Improving online clinical sexual and reproductive health information to support self-care: A realist review

Self-care is the ability of individuals, families and communities to promote health, prevent disease, maintain health, and cope with illness and disability with or without the support of a healthcare provider. In the field of sexual and reproductive health options for self-care predominantly include ordering contraceptives online, or testing and treating genital infections outside a healthcare setting. The shift to digitally facilitated self-care consequently requires information that was previously used by clinicians to be made available to those managing their own sexual and reproductive health. This review was specifically interested in how to optimise this informational enabling environment as self-care becomes more complex. Using a realist approach to facilitate collation, analysis and synthesis of research from multiple disciplines this review sought to enable the generation of a programme theory to inform service development. The majority of research we identified studied information to support the choice to self-care and access to self-care. In contrast to established areas of self-care, for example, the management of diabetes or hypertension, studies of the self-care process in sexual and reproductive health are lacking. There is significant potential to expand digital information resources to support sexual and reproductive health self-care, however, there are currently significant unmet informational needs. This review proposes six key recommendations for providers and key stakeholders involved with sexual and reproductive healthcare for the improvement of digital self-care services.

Burn-On Instead of Burn-Out: Self-Care and Functional Coping Strategies Protect Psychotherapists from Psychological Stress During the Corona Pandemic

Due to the Corona pandemic, psychotherapists are confronted with new professional challenges. Regarding the patient care to be provided, the question of risk and protective factors for maintaining well-being during the pandemic appears relevant to prevent negative long-term consequences such as burnout. This is the first study investigating the influence of coping and self-care strategies on the psychological distress of psychotherapists in Germany during the Corona pandemic. From April to June 2020, 155 psychotherapists completed an online questionnaire. Additionally, to job related changes, stress level, symptoms of burnout and well-being were assessed. Furthermore, the influence of active and passive coping strategies as well as of different areas of self-care (e. g., professional support, cognitive awareness for work-related stress and work-life balance) on psychological burden was examined. Psychotherapists worked an average of 1,22 hours less per week during the pandemic than before. On average, 38% of treatments were delivered via video therapy. Avoidant coping strategies were associated with increased stress levels, which predicted higher burnout scores and lower well-being. In contrast, a good work-life balance, a good daily balance at work and active coping had a positive effect. Contrary to expectation, cognitive awareness for work-related stress was related to lower well-being. Work-life balance can serve as a preventive strategy to reduce stress during the Corona pandemic and thereby reduce the risk for burnout and improve well-being. Avoidant coping strategies, on the other hand, are a risk factor for increased stress levels during pandemic and promote burnout and lower well-being. This study contributes to our knowledge regarding preventive measures to prevent stress and to maintain the well-being of psychotherapist in order to contribute to ongoing high quality patient care during the pandemic.

A Retrospective Quality Improvement Study to Describe Operational Management Strategies in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The delivery of care in the inpatient rehabilitation setting was disrupted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As a 150-bed freestanding inpatient rehabilitation facility in the epicenter of the pandemic, Burke Rehabilitation Hospital was required to increase overall bed capacity for regional overflow needs and still maintain our mission to provide inpatient rehabilitation for patients with and without COVID-19. During the period between March and September 2020, Burke Rehabilitation Hospital treated over 300 rehabilitation patients who were COVID-19 positive and at one point had a census that was >50% COVID-19 positive. A model grounded in 5 priorities—communication, personal protective equipment, clinical service delivery, discharge planning, and patient/staff support—was implemented to reprioritize daily operations and ensure patient and staff safety while providing valuable rehabilitation services. The delivery of physical, occupational, speech, and recreational therapy services transformed, and a number of innovative clinical practices were developed. During the study period, 100% of our patients continued to be scheduled to receive therapy services. Patient length of stay values did increase during the pandemic (from 16.38d to 19.93d), and slightly more patients were discharged to home (68.7% compared with 68.3%). Despite modifications to rehabilitation care delivery, patients continued to make functional gains in the areas of self-care, mobility, and walking. Flexible leadership was pivotal in the development and implementation of new processes and procedures to meet the evolving needs of patients, staff, and the organization as a whole.

Exploring the occupational lives of Syrians under temporary protection in Turkey.

Persons who become displaced due to situations such as war and natural disasters face extreme challenges in maintaining their occupational repertoires. This study aimed to explore the occupational lives of Syrians under temporary protection in Turkey. This mixed method study used a cross-sectional design with a predominantly qualitative focus. Syrians living under temporary protection in Turkey were interviewed using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) to identify their perceived performance problems in the areas of self-care, productivity, and leisure. Additional probes were used to explore participants' reasoning for the choice of occupations and scoring, and occupational changes since arriving in Turkey. Socio-demographics were collected on the participants' age, gender, educational level, marital status, monthly house budget, social security, and number of persons within the household. Thematic analysis was used to undercover themes from the qualitative data. Thirty Syrians living under temporary protection in Turkey in Hatay province participated in this study (mean age: 29.66 ± 7.97 years [range = 18 to 50 years]): 16 women (mean age: 28.64 ± 8.04 years) and 14 men (mean age: 30.56 ± 8.05 years). Participants identified more significant problems in their performance of productive and leisure occupations than in self-care occupations. The following themes emerged: (a) having a house of our own: meeting basic needs and completing activities of daily living; (b) no money for shopping: past everyday occupations now luxuries; (c) feeling valued and important: having the ability but no job; (d) living day to day: Education, career, and marriage on hold; and (e) enjoyment in life: leaving behind family, friends, and occupational spaces. Syrians living in temporary protection in Turkey experience uncertainty within their occupational lives. Participants were able to meet their basic needs; however, precarity of employment limited their participation in previous occupations contracting their repertoires.

Self-care research: How to grow the evidence base? (reprint)

Background and objectiveThe number of studies in the area of self-care is growing and international researchers are increasingly developing self-care interventions to improve outcomes of individual patients and communities. However, growth of the evidence is still slow due to challenges with designing and testing self-care interventions. In this article we address major methodological challenges with regard to the definition of self-care, use of theory, and research design, intended to provide guidance to researchers in this field. MethodDuring the inaugural conference of the International Center for Self-Care Research held in Rome, Italy in June 2019 we identified important issues in existing self-care research. Discussion and literature review lead to eight recommendation for future self-care research. ResultsIn preparation, begin with a theoretically sound definition of self-care. In planning the intervention, build on and extend previous studies. Use theory to develop self-care interventions and consider translational models to guide development, evaluation and implementation of complex self-care interventions. Employ a study design that fits the current phase and objectives of the research and measure self-care and related factors carefully. In reporting, describe the sample and setting sufficiently so that others can draw conclusions about generalizability and applicability to their practice and patient population. In interpretation, describe how the intervention is assumed to work (causal assumptions) and its key components. ConclusionOur review of existing self-care research clearly illustrates that the recommendations we provide are needed if we are to substantially grow the evidence base supporting self-care. Embracing a core set of principles will allow us to build on each other's work.Tweetable abstract: A core set of methodological principles is needed to substantially grow the evidence base supporting self-care.

The effect of educational program on self-care behaviors of candidates for coronary artery angiography

Context: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in the world and its prevalence is increasing.Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of educational program on self-care behaviors of candidates for coronary artery angiography.Setting and Design: This study was a quasi-experimental interventional study conducted at Imam Hossein Hospital in Mehran/Ilam in 2018.Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty-six candidates for coronary artery angiography were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control and completed the Cardiac Patients Learning Needs Inventory. The intervention group was trained with cardiovascular care educational program after angiography. After 2 weeks, the questionnaire was completed again by both groups.Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, t-test, and paired t-test using SPSS software version 18.Results: The educational needs of the subjects were measured in eight areas of self-care (introduction to the cardiac intensive care unit, anatomy and physiology, psychological factors, risk factors, pharmaceutical information, nutritional information, physical activity, and other information). Most of the samples had moderate-to-high educational need (intervention group = 3.46) and (control group = 3.86), and the educational need in intervention group reached 1.62, which was significant (P < 0.001), but there was no significant change (P = 0.871) in the control group (3.31).Conclusion: Promoting self-care behaviors in patients undergoing coronary angiography using educational interventions is important and necessary. The curriculum that is designed and used in this study is recommended as a sample.

Neither anguish nor salvation: The necessity of media technology use by early adults living in Poland at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic

The aim of the study was to determine the significance of media technologies for early adults living in large urban Polish agglomerations and actively studying, working or operating in both areas at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The exploratory and qualitative research was conducted during the first weeks of the first lockdown. Internet surveys with mainly open questions were conducted with people aged 18–40, living in the biggest Polish agglomerations. The study shows that media technologies played a key role in the lives of early adults at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, but were valued very ambivalently. The support functions and burdensome influence of media technologies were determined. Support functions were mainly related to home duties and interpersonal communication. Remote working and education, as well as searches for and the sharing of information were ambivalent. In the area of self-care, media technologies were burdening users. The results indicate that the adaptation of users to the new situation led to consequences of a different nature (ranging from physical, mental, to social). It was observed that there was a sudden digital intoxication and maximization of opportunities and profits from task-oriented use of technologies, which were gained at a loss to individual well-being.

ABAS-3 and the PAC-1 in the Study of Adaptive Behaviour of Children and Adolescents with Deeper Intellectual Disabilities

The aim of the analysis was to determine the structure of the adaptive behaviour of people with deeper intellectual disability, as assessed with Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System (ABAS-3). It was also to establish the determinants of the disability with the use of other variables of the psychosocial functioning of these people. The predictors were defined for the so-called General Adaptive Composite (GAC), the ABAS-3 three adaptive domains and ten areas of individual adaptive skills, measured with ABAS-3. The analysis also addressed convergent validity of the tool. It was determined by exploring interrelations between ABAS-3 and PAC-1 Inventory. The r-Pearson test was applied, followed by stepwise multiple regression analysis. The study was conducted on a group of 140 children and young people with moderate and severe intellectual disability. The average age was 13.30 years, with SD=5.06 years. The GAC and ABAS-3 adaptive domains scores positively correlate with the individual areas in PAC-1, with the power of the correlation being greater in the group of assessments carried out by teachers than the analogical assessments carried out by parents. The regression models created for the parents’ group enable a conclusion that the higher the GAC score – including assessment of communication and practical knowledge skills, capability of managing and completing tasks – the higher the growth in socialization, participation in play and domestic activities. On the other hand, in the models created for the group of teachers, the predictor for the GAC score, for the domain of conceptual skills and for the domain of social skills was the area of socialization. For the domain of practical skills, the predictor was the area of self-care.