Area Of Montenegro Research Articles

ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (Cornus mas L.) FROM MONTENEGRO

Abstract: In this work, total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, the antioxidant capacity (by the DPPH and FRAP method) were determined in the juice and pomice of cornelian cherry from the area of Montenegro. Also, content of microelements and macroelements in the juice, pomice and fruit of cornelian cherry were investigated. In the studied cornelian cherry samples, the content of phenols ranged from 159.57 to 244.93 mg GAE/100 g, flavonoids from 71.74 to 165.5 mg QE/100 g, tannins from 0.33 to 0.81 %, total anthocyanins 0.057-0.310 %. HPLC analysis identified anthocyanins: delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonin-3-O-glucoside and its derivative. The most abundant essential microelement in the studied cornelian cherry samples was Fe (23.44-37.69 mg/kg), followed by Zn (3.14-6.25 mg/kg), Cu (1.50-1.80 mg/kg) and Mn (0.58-0.78 mg/kg). The most abundant essential macroelement in the examined samples was K (2427.8-3276.2 mg/kg), followed by Ca (361.5-475.7), Mg (95.41-146.5 mg/kg) and Na (8.347-16.59 mg/kg). Pb, Cd and Ni were not detected in the tested samples. A high degree of correlation was obtained between the content of total flavonoids and antioxidant value measured by the FRAP method (R = 0.96), as well as between the content of total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH method (R = 0.89). Of individual anthocyanins, high correlation values were shown by cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (R = 0.96), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (R = 0.95) and pelargonin-3-O-glucoside (R = 0.94) with antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH method.

Modernizaciya i revolyuciya v Rossii (sociologo-politologicheskie tezisy)

Russian connections with area of Montenegro are centuries old. The Russian state was helping the Balkan Christians: politically, financially, religiously, and culturally. A particularly significant form of Russian influence, represents the establishment and development of health institutions. That especially came to the fore after 1917, when many Russian educated doctors who made a huge contribution to strengthening the health system of Montenegro come to these areas.

CHALLENGES IN CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR COMPANIES OPERATING IN MONTENEGRO, SERBIA, CROATIA AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

This paper is the result of research into the practical problems of financial reporting for group od companies operating in the area of Montenegro, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on the obtained research results, the possibilities for improving this specific type of reporting were considered.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GEOMETRID MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE LEACH, 1815) OF MONTENEGRO AND SERBIA

The results of the faunal exploration of Geometer Moths (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in the area of Montenegro and Serbia are reported. Based on fieldwork conducted in the past 50 years, data for 71 species are presented. Wherever necessary, comments are provided concerning ovipositional and nutritional plants, as well as illustrations of adults and genital armature. In Montenegro, several species have been recorded for the first time.

The climate of Montenegro: Modificators and types - part two

The main objective of this study is to emphasize the basic climate modificators and types in Montenegro. Rarely could you find such a small area with more climate types and several subtypes and varieties as it is the case here. The most important climate modificators in Montenegro have been discussed in the Part One of the study, such as: mathematical - geographical position, relief dissection, atmospheric circulation and the Adriatic Sea. Atlantic and Mediterranean aquatories and Eurasian landmass play an important part in climate modification in the area of Montenegro. These vast areas represent the source of atmospheric action centres and air masses. In the Part Two of this study, the climate regionalization of Montenegro is given according to the K?ppen criteria, as it has been proved that it gives a good basis for solving several practical and scientific problems.

Phytosanitary status of grapevine in Montenegro

During 2006 and 2007, a survey on the incidence and distribution of fourteen grapevine viruses was carried out in the Skadar Lake basin, one of the two main grapevine‐growing areas of Montenegro. In total 165 samples were collected from four red (‘Vranac’, ‘Kratošija’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cardinal’), two white (‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Rkaciteli’) and a few unknown grapevine varieties in the vicinity of Podgorica and Bar. The phytosanitary status of the collected samples was analysed by DAS‐ELISA and the presence of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 1 (GLRaV‐1), Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 2 (GLRaV‐2) and Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 (GLRaV‐3) was confirmed in some of them. The most frequently found virus in assayed samples was GLRaV‐3 (54.5%), followed by GFLV (23%), GLRaV‐1 (20%) and GLRaV‐2 (0.6%). These serological analyses showed the absence of Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 6 (GLRaV‐6), Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 7 (GLRaV‐7), Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), Raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) and Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) from all tested samples.

Some Aspects of Geographic View on Economy: The Case Northeastern Montenegro

Text which follows represents geographical contribution to the study of the economy of northeastern Montenegro, on example of municipalities Berane, Andrijevica and Plav. Temporal frame for the study covers the period from prehistoric of our time. The focus of research directed on two sets of questions, it is on: the characteristics of economic development to the Second World War and on characteristics of the development of the economy after the Second World War. By the beginning World War II, analyzed the geographical space was one of the underdeveloped areas of Montenegro. Prevailing is mostly agricultural production. After the Second World War former Yugoslavia, in whose composition is entered and Montenegro, started is in process accelerated industrialization. High measure of job security prevented activity mechanism of competition and the market economy. There was no pressure on employed workers to increase efficiency, which led to such situations that for exercise same scale of production engaged considerably more workers than in the classical (an entrepreneurial) firms. The economic consequences were are expected: since the mid-of the seventies years ago the last century up to the complete collapse of the economic system at the end of the eighties years ago the last century, productivity Labour is mobiles falls while is hidden unemployment grew. Development problems and irrational economic system retain all the professional and scientific opinions, without the possibility of that the any particular conduct proceedings. I then, appearance and now we did not manage to elevate above observation. Therefore, thus conclude that is necessary develop a special economic innovative strategy for regional policy, adapted on the hilly-mountainous regions what, kind of is exactly and analyzed geo-space

Survey of hearing disorders in an urban population in Rondonia, Northern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of hearing loss for the population in the urban area. METHODS: A cross-sectional household survey based on the World Health Organization Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol was conducted in 298 households in the urban area of Monte Negro, Rondonia, Northern Brazil, from 2005 to 2007. Ear examinations, behavioral audiometry and pure tone audiometry were conducted on 577 individuals. RESULTS: The results showed that 3.8% (95%CI 2.17;5.45) of population were classified in the disabling hearing impairment category. The prevalence of moderate hearing impairment was 3.4%; severe impairment was 0.4%; and profound hearing impairment was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The impairing hearing loss prevalence found in this study is within of the international prevalence for this level of hearing loss and smaller than observed in a previous study in the South region of Brazil.

EFIKASNOST ETARSKIH ULJA NA ODRASLE INSEKTE TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (HERBST) (COL., TENEBRIONIDAE)

Stored product pests such as Tribolium castaneum ( Herbst, 1979) are a major problem. Adult insects were obtained from laboratory cultures maintained in the dark in incubators at 25± 1C and 70–80% r.h., reared on wheat flour and fed with flour disks containing a known concentration of essential oil of 9 plants. The chemical components of essential oil of 3 plants, collected on the area of Montenegro, were also identified using GC-MS analysis. The results of insecticidal effect of essential oils were discussed. Also, mortality rate of adult insects was tested. In this research, the essential oils of C. glandulosa which were rich in monoterpene alcohols carvacrol and contained ketonic component showed strong insecticidal and fumigant activity against adults of T. castaneum. Less toxic effect showed essential oils of Satureja montana which had a lower carvacrol and ketonic content. On the other hand, essential oils of Teucrium polium which did not contain ketonic component did not show any activity. Therefore, it was observed that essential oils of C. glandulosa with concentration of 1.14% showed powerful toxic and repellent effect, with very high mortality rate after 24h (56,67%).

The climate of Montenegro: Modificators and types - part one

The aim of this study is to point out the basic climate modificators and types in Montenegro. Rarely could you find such a small area with more climate types and several subtypes and varieties as it is the case here. In the Part one of the study the most important climate modificators in Montenegro have been discussed, such as: mathematical - geographical position, relief dissection, atmospheric circulation and the Adriatic Sea. Atlantic and Mediterranean aquatories and Eurasian landmass play an important part in climate modification in the area of Montenegro. These vast areas represent the source of atmospheric action centres and air masses.

Ice caps in the Balkans: their, extent, age, and palaeoclimatic significance

Ice caps once covered large areas of Montenegro in the Balkans. The largest ice cap covered an area of >1000 km2 and covered large areas of central Montenegro, including the Durmitor, Sinjajevina and Mora?a massifs. A smaller ice cap, yet still covering an area of 165 km2, covered Mount Orjen on the Adriatic coast. More than 30 U-series dates from secondary carbonates cementing moraines across Montenegro indicates that the most extensive glaciation occurred during the Middle Pleistocene, correlating with a major phase of glaciation in Greece to the south during MIS 12 (c. 480-430 ka). Later, less extensive, glaciations are also recorded in the cirques and valleys and correlate with glaciations during MIS 6 (190-130 ka) and MIS 5d-2 (110-11.7 ka). The formation of large ice caps over Montenegro on mountains reaching only 2500 m indicates sustained moisture supply during Pleistocene cold stages ? especially on the lower mountains of the coast such as Mount Orjen. Such sustained precipitation supply during Pleistocene cold stages is likely to have been facilitated by major temperature contrasts between the European landmass and the Mediterranean Sea, which are likely to have sustained lee-side vortices to the south of the Alps, in the Gulf of Genoa and Adriatic Sea, forming weak moisture-bearing depressions which tracked across the eastern Adriatic coastal mountains. Large ice caps on the Dinaric Alps would have blocked the inland penetration of these depressions, resulting in much drier conditions in the Balkan interior, creating favourable conditions for the deposition of thick accumulations of loess. In the Durmitor massif, the highest in Montenegro, valley glaciers were present during the Younger Dryas (12.9-11.7 ka) and confirm the influence of North Atlantic Ocean circulation on Pleistocene climate change in this part of the Mediterranean. In this same massif only one small cirque glacier survives today and exists under conditions strongly controlled by local topoclimatic controls.

Research of consumption and competitiveness of homemade products for manufacturing improvement: A case study from Montenegro

The aim of this study is to determine the level of consumption and competitiveness of homemade (agricultural) from the area of Montenegro and establish thereby an adequate information base for making business and managerial decisions, related to the improvement of production and placement of traditional homemade from Montenegro. Based on the analysis, the following key domestic products were singled out: cheese, clotted cream, honey and brandy. The research was focused on monitoring the demand and the supply of these products, areas of their consumption, criteria of their competitiveness and quality, adequacy of their prices and thus, the measures for improving the production of domestic product were defined. Key words: Homemade product, agriculture, manufacturing, consumer, consumption, competitiveness.

RASPBERRY BREEDING IN MONTENEGRO

In order to improve the characteristics of fruit and increase resistance to various biotic and abiotic factors, Ekoplant Company (Podgorica, Montenegro) started a raspberry breeding project in 2008. Cross-breeding was performed with planned hybridizations between the most economically important primocane and summer fruiting cultivars and wild raspberries from the northern area of Montenegro. Eleven cultivars ('Tulameen', 'Glen Ample', 'Autumn Bliss', 'Glen Moy', 'Glen Prosen', 'Himbo Top', '‘Polana', ‘Rossana’, 'Porana Rosa', 'Polka', 'Malahat' ) and three genotypes of wild raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) from 1200 m elevation, which were selected based on taste and quality of fruit from their natural habitats were used as parents in the project. The seed was extracted from the fruit, dried, scarified with sulfuric acid, and then stratified for 30 d to increase germination. Sowing was carried out in March into small trays. After germination, young plants were transplanted into larger containers for the purpose of growing and preparing them for field planting. Planting was performed in the field in Podgorica in spring of 2008 with plants spaced at 5×0.5 m in 20 cm diameter holes in Ekoplant nursery in Podgorica. After the first year, selections were transplanted into two climate zones - Podgorica and Bijelo Polje - Village Potrk. Standard cultivars for comparison were: ‘Tulameen;, 'Malahat', 'Willamette', 'Autumn Bliss' and 'Himbo Top'. Twenty-nine selections were made that had some superior properties compared to the parents or the standard cultivars.

THE GROWTH DURING SUCKLING PERIOD AND CARCASS TRAITS OF KIDS OF THE BALKAN GOAT BREED

The growth traits of 56 kids (31 male and 25 female) of the Balkan goat breed. reared in karst area of Montenegro during 3 months of the suckling period (birth weight,. body weight with 30. 60 and 90 days of growth and corresponding average daily gains) have been investigated. Weight and dressing percentage of warm carcasses, weight and dressing percentage of chilled carcasses, as well as weight and share of the offal and byproducts of slaughtering have been investigated on total of 14 carcasses (7 male and 7 female) and the differences that are manifested between the sexes. The average birth weight of male kids was 3.25 kg and 3.19 kg of female kids, while body weight of male kids with 30, 60 and 90 days were: 7.97, 12.74 and 17.63 kg, and for female kids: 7.78, 11.72 and 16.25 kg, respectively. Male and female kids showed statistically significant differences (P<0.01) for body weight and average daily gain in periods from 30 to 60 day and from 60 to 90 day, but not for birth weight and for ADG from birth to 30 day. The average dressing percentage weight of warm carcasses of male and female slaughtered kids separately were 57.76 and 59.12%, weight of chilled carcasses with head and offal 56.39 and 57.47% and weight of chilled carcasses without head and offal 44.82 and 45.31%, respectively. Significant difference between sexes was determined only for weight and dressing percentage of chilled carcasses with head and giblets (P<0.05). The share of edible and non edible offal of slaughtering (pre-stomach and small intestines + abomasums and large intestines) was 9.87 and rest 8.64% in male and female kids, while the share of skin was 7.6 and 8.2% in average,. respectively.

Remarks on distribution and diversity of the tiger beetle fauna of Montenegro (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)

The tiger beetle fauna of Montenegro is reviewed and some short information on the faunistic research in this part of Serbia & Montenegro is given. Eight species are recognized as occurring in this region. Two taxa, Cephalota elegans stigmatophora and Cylindera trisignata hellenica, are recorded from the area of Montenegro for the first time, while four other, Cicindela hybrida hybrida, C. sylvatica sylvatica, C. soluta pannonica, and Cylindera trisignata siciliensis, are excluded from the Montenegrian fauna. New localities of seven species, collected mostly in the areas of national parks: Calomera littoralis nemoralis, Cephalota elegans stigmatophora, Cicindela campestris campestris, C. sahlbergii albanica, C. sylvicola, Cylindera germanica germanica, and C. trisignata hellenica are given.