Area Of Medical Image Processing Research Articles

Review on Computer Aided Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis using Machine Learning Methods on Mammogram Image.

Machine Learning (ML) plays an essential part in the research area of medical image processing. The advantages of ML techniques lead to more intelligent, accurate, and automatic computeraided detection (CAD) systems with improved learning capability. In recent years, deep learning-based ML approaches developed to improve the diagnostic capabilities of CAD systems. This study reviews image enhancement, ML and DL methods for breast cancer detection and diagnosis using mammogram images and provides an overview of these methods. The analysis of different ways of ML and DL shows that the usages of traditional ML approaches are limited. However, DL techniques have an excellent future for implementing medical image analysis and improving the ability to exist CAD systems. Despite the significant advancements in deep learning methods for analyzing medical images to detect breast cancer, challenges still exist regarding data quality, computational cost, and prediction accuracy.

AHANet: Adaptive Hybrid Attention Network for Alzheimer's Disease Classification Using Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological problem that causes brain atrophy and affects the memory and thinking skills of an individual. Accurate detection of AD has been a challenging research topic for a long time in the area of medical image processing. Detecting AD at its earliest stage is crucial for the successful treatment of the disease. The proposed Adaptive Hybrid Attention Network (AHANet) has two attention modules, namely Enhanced Non-Local Attention (ENLA) and Coordinate Attention. These modules extract global-level features and local-level features separately from the brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), thereby boosting the feature extraction power of the network. The ENLA module extracts spatial and contextual information on a global scale while also capturing important long-range dependencies. The Coordinate Attention module captures local features from the input images. It embeds positional information into the channel attention mechanism for enhanced feature extraction. Moreover, an Adaptive Feature Aggregation (AFA) module is proposed to fuse features from the global and local levels in an effective way. As a result of incorporating the above architectural enhancements into the DenseNet architecture, the proposed network exhibited better performance compared to the existing works. The proposed network was trained and tested on the ADNI dataset, yielding a classification accuracy of 98.53%.

Robust watermarking algorithm for medical images based on accelerated‐KAZE discrete cosine transform

With the continuous progress and development in the field of Internet technology, the area of medical image processing has also developed along with it. Specially, digital watermarking technology plays an essential role in the field of medical image processing and greatly improves the security of medical image information. A medical image watermarking algorithm based on an accelerated-KAZE discrete cosine transform (AKAZE-DCT) is proposed to address the poor robustness of medical image watermarking algorithms to geometric attacks, which leads to low security of the information contained in medical images. First, the AKAZE-DCT algorithm is used to extract the feature vector of the medical image and then combined with the perceptual hashing technique to obtain the feature sequence of the medical image; then, the watermarking image is encrypted with logistic chaos dislocation to get the encrypted watermarking image, which ensures the security of the watermarking information; finally, the watermarking is embedded and extracted with the zero-watermarking technique. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively extract the watermark under conventional and geometric attacks, reflecting better robustness and invisibility, and has certain practicality in the medical field compared with other algorithms.

REVIEW ON AUTOMATIC PROCESSING OF BRAIN IMAGES FOR SEGMENTATION AND ABNORMALITY DETECTION

Brain tumour detection is very popular in the area of medical image processing. This is due to the sensitivity of brain functionality and inter structure. Any kind of ignorance towards the problems related with brain may cause serious impact on human life/life style. Therefore, early detection or diagnosis of abnormalities or tumours helps the doctors and patients to rectify the brain related health problems. The images are obtained through scanning techniques which are very common. Images obtained from the scanning needs to be segmented carefully for the future analysis and damage control procedures. In this paper, a detailed review on different types of segmentation techniques proposed by various authors is studied and compared for a clear understanding of existing segmentation techniques. They are tabulated to summarize different methodologies, segmentation techniques, and existing processes for further studies on Brain image segmentation. Finally, a brief understanding towards deep learning techniques is studied in this paper to understand their role in modern era for automated segmentation process

Multiclass Stomach Diseases Classification Using Deep Learning Features Optimization

In the area of medical image processing, stomach cancer is one of the most important cancers which need to be diagnose at the early stage. In this paper, an optimized deep learning method is presented for multiple stomach disease classification. The proposed method work in few important steps—preprocessing using the fusion of filtering images along with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), deep transfer learning-based features extraction, optimization of deep extracted features using nature-inspired algorithms, and finally fusion of optimal vectors and classification using Multi-Layered Perceptron Neural Network (MLNN). In the feature extraction step, pre-trained Inception V3 is utilized and retrained on selected stomach infection classes using the deep transfer learning step. Later on, the activation function is applied to Global Average Pool (GAP) for feature extraction. However, the extracted features are optimized through two different nature-inspired algorithms—Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with dynamic fitness function and Crow Search Algorithm (CSA). Hence, both methods’ output is fused by a maximal value approach and classified the fused feature vector by MLNN. Two datasets are used to evaluate the proposed method—CUI WahStomach Diseases and Combined dataset and achieved an average accuracy of 99.5%. The comparison with existing techniques, it is shown that the proposed method shows significant performance.

Remote Access of Medical Image Processing and 3D Visualization Application using Raspberry Pi

With the extensive growth in technology, healthcare sector has benefitted a lot recently. Looking into the academic research and validation in the area of medical image processing and visualization, many platforms and the open-source resources are available. Insight toolkit (ITK) and visualization toolkit (VTK) are extensively used for medical image processing and 3D visualization respectively. Resources used to develop an application using ITK-VTK and same resources be used to deliver it to the users such as, clinicians, doctors etc. This can be achieved by using respective hardware and the infrastructure. In the proposed article, the infrastructure and resource used to build and deploy the application and remote access given to the users are elucidated.

Medical Image Processing Server applied to Quality Control of Nuclear Medicine.

This paper is framed within the area of medical image processing and aims to present the process of installation, configuration and implementation of a processing server of medical images (MIPS) in the Fundación Escuela de Medicina Nuclear located in Mendoza, Argentina (FUESMEN). It has been developed in the Gabinete de Tecnologia Médica (GA.TE.ME), Facultad de Ingeniería-Universidad Nacional de San Juan. MIPS is a software that using the DICOM standard, can receive medical imaging studies of different modalities or viewing stations, then it executes algorithms and finally returns the results to other devices. To achieve the objectives previously mentioned, preliminary tests were conducted in the laboratory. More over, tools were remotely installed in clinical enviroment. The appropiate protocols for setting up and using them in different services were established once defined those suitable algorithms. Finally, it’s important to focus on the implementation and training that is provided in FUESMEN, using nuclear medicine quality control processes. Results on implementation are exposed in this work.

Automatic detection of abnormalities in mammograms.

BackgroundIn recent years, an increased interest has been seen in the area of medical image processing and, as a consequence, Computer Aided Diagnostic (CAD) systems. The basic purpose of CAD systems is to assist doctors in the process of diagnosis. CAD systems, however, are quite expensive, especially, in most of the developing countries. Our focus is on developing a low-cost CAD system. Today, most of the CAD systems regarding mammogram classification target automatic detection of calcification and abnormal mass. Calcification normally indicates an early symptom of breast cancer if it appears as a small size bright spot in a mammogram image.MethodsBased on the observation that calcification appears as small bright spots on a mammogram image, we propose a new scale-specific blob detection technique in which the scale is selected through supervised learning. By computing energy for each pixel at two different scales, a new feature “Ratio Energy” is introduced for efficient blob detection. Due to the imposed simplicity of the feature and post processing, the running time of our algorithm is linear with respect to image size.ResultsTwo major types of calcification, microcalcification and macrocalcification have been identified and highlighted by drawing a circular boundary outside the area that contains calcification. Results are quite visible and satisfactory, and the radiologists can easily view results through the final detected boundary.ConclusionsCAD systems are designed to help radiologists in verifying their diagnostics. A new way of identifying calcification is proposed based on the property that microcalcification is small in size and appears in clusters. Results are quite visible and encouraging, and can assist radiologists in early detection of breast cancer.

MIPP: A Medical Image Processing Platform based on ITK, VTK and Eclipse RCP

A novel platform for realizing software prototypes in the area of medical image processing, analysis and visualization is introduced: The "Medical Image Processing Platform" (MIPP). A novel feature is the combination of ITK/VTK with Java/Eclipse RCP, four potential technologies complementing each other. While ITK and VTK provide comprehensive functionality for image processing and visualization, Java and Eclipse RCP facilitate the development of a modern and rich application.RCP offers everything for creating plug-in based software. The benefits of integrating ITK and VTK in such a modular architecture are reusability and extensibility. Functionality usually found in software for medical image processing and visualization (2D and 3D viewers, DICOM and application data management, etc.) is provided by the MIPP platform as plug-ins, can be easily reused by new applications and needn't be re-implemented. Developers can extend the platform's features by contributing new plug-ins and, again, make these available for others.The paper describes the architecture of the MIPP platform and outlines its most important functionality. Finally, three clinical software systems implemented with MIPP are presented.

Fast numerical scheme for gradient vector flow computation using a multigrid method

The gradient vector flow (GVF) deformable model was introduced by Xu and Prince as an effective approach to overcome the limited capture range problem of classical deformable models and their inability to progress into boundary concavities. It has found many important applications in the area of medical image processing. The simple iterative method proposed in the original work on GVF, however, is slow to converge. A new multigrid method is proposed for GVF computation on 2D and 3D images. Experimental results show that the new implementation significantly improves the computational speed by at least an order of magnitude, which facilitates the application of GVF deformable models in processing large medical images.

Cellular neural networks and computational intelligence in medical image processing

The principal constituents of computational intelligence are fuzzy logic, neural networks and evolutionary algorithms, with emphasis in their mutual enhancement. The present paper reviews some applications of these formalisms in the area of medical image processing, where advantage is taken from the ability of fuzzy logic to work with imprecise information, the ability of neural networks to learn a system’s behavior from representative examples and the ability of evolutionary algorithms to optimize complex systems, particularly when no mathematical model is available. The paper focuses mainly on neural networks in medical image processing. A special kind of cellular neural networks based on multiple valued threshold logic in the complex plane will be presented and its efficacy for medical imaging will be documented. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.