Island Area Research Articles

A novel framework for wave power plant site selection and wave forecasting based on GIS, MCDM, and ANN methods: A case study in Hainan Island, Southern China

Wave power plants (WPPs) hold significant promise for sustainable energy generation but face complex challenges in site selection and wave forecasting. To address these challenges, this study presents an integrated methodology that combines geographic information system (GIS), multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. The primary objective of this research is to identify optimal sites for WPP deployment and enhance the accuracy of wave power density (WPD) forecasting. The study focuses on Hainan Island, the second-largest island in China, and employs both macro-scale and micro-scale site selection methods. It establishes a comprehensive criteria system that encompasses environmental, technical, economic, and social aspects. To improve the objectivity of criteria weighting, a group decision making-analytic hierarchy process (GDM-AHP) approach is applied. The findings reveal that approximately 1.36 % (1427.93 km2) of Hainan Island's area offers suitable conditions for WPP deployment, with concentrations in the southern, northern, and eastern marine regions. Among the 27 identified alternative sites covering 208.76 km2 along the eastern coast, six optimal sites are pinpointed in Wanning, Wenchang, and Qionghai. Furthermore, the optimized ANN outperforms the standard ANN, achieving a mean relative error of 9.0 %. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of WPP site selection and wave forecasting while offering a practical and adaptable framework for stakeholders involved in renewable energy projects, particularly in coastal areas such as Hainan Island. These results and methodologies have real-world implications for the efficient and effective deployment of wave energy projects, ultimately promoting sustainable energy generation and socioeconomic development.

Quartz Porphyries of the Outer Islands of the Gulf of Finland ‒ Volcanic Comagmates of the Rapakivi Granites

The article presents new petrogeochemical data of rocks from the area of the Outer Islands of the Gulf of Finland. Previously, quartz porphyries of Gogland Island were considered as a standard of volcanic comagmates of Rapakivi granite of the Vyborg massif. There are two effusive tolshas on Sommers Island. The “Southern” is composed of quartz porphyries, with an isotopic age of 1.66 Ga old, so they can be considered as the earliest manifestations of Riphean magmatic activity in this area. In addition to quartz porphyries, trachybasalts, andesibasalts, and dacites are present in the “Northern” strata, and its isotopic age is 1.59‒1.57 Ga old, which does not correspond to the values of the nearby Vyborg massif 1.65‒1.63 Ga old. Therefore, despite the pro-ximity of the compositions of quartz porphyry and rapakivi granites, volcanites are not products of differentiation of the magma initial for granites, but were formed independently of them from the same type of source, but in a slightly different structural environment, allowing their free flow to the Earth’s surface.

Research on fabrication of non-metallic fiber reinforced concrete used in sea and island construction

Concrete is a brittle material with high compressive strength, tensile strength and low deformation capacity. In fact, concrete and reinforced concrete structures are often destroyed due to brittleness. To overcome this drawback, the research using a fiber-reinforced concrete in construction projects is receiving increasing attention. Short fibers such as metal fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers added to the composition of concrete will increase the tensile capacity, enhances the impact resistance of the structure, improving the durability and service life of the project. The research of non-metallic fiber reinforced concrete - an environmentally friendly material, to increase bending, tensile and impact strength, increase the corrosion resistance of concrete in aggressive environments...will increase the service life of the project. This paper introduces some research results that bring high economic and technical efficiency by using non-metallic fiber (Polyvinylal Alcohol Fiber) to manufacture fiber reinforced concrete for thin-walled precast components and construction in Vietnam’s island and coastal areas.

Serological and Molecular Survey of Brucella Species in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Brazil.

Background: Although Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, and Brucella canis may infect humans and dogs worldwide, no study to date has assessed and compared owners and their dogs between island and mainland seashore areas. Materials and Methods: Accordingly, the study herein has applied serological tests, including Microplate Agglutination Test with 2-Mercaptoethanol, immunochromatographic assay, and Rose Bengal Test, and a Brucella genus-specific PCR assay to 195 owners and their 148 dogs living on 1 mainland seashore area and three nearby oceanic islands of southern Brazil. Results: No seropositivity to B. abortus and B. suis was detected in owner or dog sera. Anti-B. canis seropositivity was observed in 3/148 (2.0%) dogs, but no owner sample was seropositive to B. canis. In addition, all blood samples from both owners and dogs were negative on Brucella genus-specific PCR assay. Conclusions: The seropositive dogs were not related and lived on the seashore mainland area of Guaraqueçaba city. The absence of seropositivity on the islands and the low seropositivity on the seashore mainland could be attributed to geographic isolation, and suggest the low impact of the disease in the region. Despite being a zoonotic disease, brucellosis by B. canis is not included in the National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis, and its diagnosis and notification are not mandatory. The presence of seropositive dogs highlights the risk to human health and the importance of epidemiological surveillance actions in the region, as well as the need for the implantation of preventive measures to avoid the transmission of the pathogen.

Towards enhancing the durability of seawater coral aggregate concrete under drying-wetting cycles with slag-based geopolymers

The utilization of marine resources (e.g. seawater, coral sand or sea sand, and coral coarse aggregate) for the preparation of seawater coral aggregate concrete (CAC) in reef or island areas contributes to the decreased construction periods and costs for offshore projects. Nevertheless, the high porosity and brittleness of coral aggregates affect the mechanical characteristics and durability of CAC and its structures. In this study, slag-based geopolymers were utilized as substitutes for ordinary Portland cement for preparing geopolymer-based seawater coral aggregate concrete (GPCAC). The mechanical properties of GPCAC and CAC under seawater drying-wetting cycles were explored, and their degradation mechanisms in terms of mechanical characteristics were estimated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results pointed out that GPCAC exhibited better resistance to seawater attack than CAC after being subjected to seawater drying-wetting cycle environments. When subjected to 60 °C seawater corrosion in drying-wetting cycles for 12 months, the cubic compressive strength, elastic modulus, and axial compressive strength of CAC degraded by 14.4%, 13.0%, and 16.9%, respectively, while those of GPCAC only reduced by 5.4%, 11.8%, and 3.1%, respectively. It is concluded that the excellent pore structure, dense microstructure, and stabilized hydration products of geopolymers are responsible for their superior resistance to seawater attack compared to cement-based materials.

Comparative Morphology of Island and Inland Agastache rugosa and Their Gastroprotective Effects in EtOH/HCl-Induced Gastric Mucosal Gastritis.

Agastache rugosa Kuntze (Lamiaceae; Labiatae), a medicinal and functional herb used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, grows well both on islands and inland areas in South Korea. Thus, we aimed to reveal the morphological and micromorphological differences between A.rugosa grown on island and inland areas and their pharmacological effects on gastritis in an animal model by combining morphological and mass spectrophotometric analyses. Morphological analysis showed that island A.rugosa had slightly smaller plants and leaves than inland plants; however, the density of all types of trichomes on the leaves, petioles, and stems of island A.rugosa was significantly higher than that of inland plants. The essential oil component analysis revealed that pulegone levels were substantially higher in island A.rugosa than in inland A.rugosa. Despite the differences between island and inland A.rugosa, treatment with both island and inland A.rugosa reduced gastric damages by more than 40% compared to the gastritis induction group. In addition, expression of inflammatory protein was reduced by about 30% by treatment of island and inland A.rugosa. The present study demonstrates quantitative differences in morphology and volatile components between island and inland plants; significant differences were not observed between the gastritis-inhibitory effects of island and inland A.rugosa, and the efficacy of island A.rugosa was found to be similar to that of A.rugosa grown in inland areas.

Influence of geographic predictors on beta diversity of insular snakes communities

Islands biogeography theory establishes that species richness and composition in islands result from ecological and evolutionary processes, such as immigration/emigration rate and the balance between speciation and extinction. Islands' geographic distribution, area, and distance from the mainland are important features in structuring communities of different taxonomic groups. Here, we aimed to evaluate the influence of geographic predictors on the variation of snakes' community composition. The study area encompassed 17 oceanic islands in the state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. We recorded 40 species of snakes, with an average of 8.53 ± 8.11 species per island. We observed that islands closer to the mainland are more similar in snake composition, and more distant islands have a greater variation in composition among themselves. We verified a positive correlation between beta diversity and distance from the mainland, turnover component and distance from the mainland, nested component and distance among islands, and nestedness and island area. So, we conclude that the spatial pattern of island snake composition seems to be related to species dispersal. However, it can also be a relictual fauna pattern due to the isolation of populations due to rising sea level and the subsequent formation of the studied islands. Our results reinforces the pivotal role of geographic factors in shaping spatial patterns of insular communities.

Island area, isolation and climate effects upon flower traits in a megadiverse archipelago

AbstractAimFlower traits are critical to the mutualistic networks that underpin ecosystem function. However, the broad‐scale drivers of flower traits are unclear. Using the megadiverse islands of Malesia, we test three hypotheses: (1) Flower size, openness and colourfulness (i.e. the trend from white to colourful flowers) will decrease with increasing temperature, but not with increasing precipitation seasonality. (2) Flower size, openness and colourfulness will increase with island area, and decrease with isolation. (3) Models parameterised by climate, rather than non‐climatic island characteristics will have the greatest predictive capacity as climate affects both pollinator communities and energetic/physiological constraints upon flower traits.LocationFourteen Malesian islands.TaxonAngiosperms.MethodsWe applied Bayesian phylogenetic models of occurrence for >2500 species in 400 m elevation bands, across islands, as a function of flower trait interactions with either climatic variables or islands characteristics. We compare predictive capacity of models based on climate versus island characteristics using Leave One Out‐Cross Validation.ResultsAll six flower traits examined varied with at least temperature, precipitation seasonality, island area and isolation. Flowers are larger in cold environments. The lowland tropics are mostly inhabited by white flowered species. At cold high elevations, red and pink flowered species are more frequent whereas green and purple flowered species increase in the drought‐prone seasonally dry tropics. Flower openness declined with precipitation seasonality and increased with isolation. Models parameterised by climate performed best for perianth length, red and white flowers, whereas pink flowers and flower openness were better predicted using island characteristics.Main ConclusionsThere are relationships between flower traits and climatic gradients within Malesia. However, island characteristics have also left a legacy upon current flower trait distributions. These island biogeographical impacts are likely key for the eco‐evolutionary drivers of flower traits.

Habitat fragmentation increases specialization of multi-trophic interactions by high species turnover.

Habitat fragmentation is altering species interactions worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of network specialization to habitat fragmentation remain unknown, especially for multi-trophic interactions. We here collected a large dataset consisting of 2670 observations of tri-trophic interactions among plants, sap-sucking aphids and honeydew-collecting ants on 18 forested islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. For each island, we constructed an antagonistic plant-aphid and a mutualistic aphid-ant network, and tested how network specialization varied with island area and isolation. We found that both networks exhibited higher specialization on smaller islands, while only aphid-ant networks had increased specialization on more isolated islands. Variations in network specialization among islands was primarily driven by species turnover, which was interlinked across trophic levels as fragmentation increased the specialization of both antagonistic and mutualistic networks through bottom-up effects via plant and aphid communities. These findings reveal that species on small and isolated islands display higher specialization mainly due to effects of fragmentation on species turnover, with behavioural changes causing interaction rewiring playing only a minor role. Our study highlights the significance of adopting a multi-trophic perspective when exploring patterns and processes in structuring ecological networks in fragmented landscapes.

Analysis of the Vertical Distribution and Driving Factors of Aerosol and Ozone Precursors in Huaniao Island, China, Based on Ground-Based MAX-DOAS

Urban air pollution has become a regional environmental problem. In order to explore whether island areas were affected by the urban development of surrounding areas, in this paper, we systematically study the vertical distribution characteristics of atmospheric components, meteorological drivers, potential pollution sources, and the population health risks of fine particulate matter in island cities in China. The vertical profiles of three atmospheric pollutants (aerosols, NO2, and HCHO) in the lower troposphere of Huaniao Island in the East China Sea (ECS) were obtained using ground-based multi-axial differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS). The results show that the aerosol extinction coefficients, NO2, and HCHO were primarily distributed at altitudes below 1 km, and the atmospheric pollutants in Zhoushan were obviously affected by high-altitude transfer. The main meteorological driving factors of aerosols, NO2, and HCHO were different at different altitudes. The key factor contributing to the high column concentrations of NO2 and HCHO in the upper air (greater than 400 m) was the transport of pollutants brought about by changes in wind speed. By exploring the main potential sources of atmospheric pollutants, it was found that the main sources of aerosols, NO2, and HCHO are coastal cities in the Yangtze River Delta, including southeast Zhejiang Province, southeast Fujian Province, Shanghai, ECS, and the Yellow Sea. Compared with aerosols and HCHO, local primary emissions are an important source of NO2, which are mainly related to industrial activities in Zhoushan Port. In addition, using the expose-response function model, the number of attributable cases of PM2.5 air pollution in Zhoushan City in 2019 accounted for 6.58% of the total population. This study enriches our understanding of the vertical distribution characteristics of atmospheric composition and health risk assessment on Chinese islands.

Linking G2SFCA method and circuit theory to promote spatial equity and landscape connectivity in urban ecological infrastructure

Protecting and constructing urban ecological infrastructure (UEI) is an important spatial means of improving the quality of life of urban residents, enhancing the benefits of the urban environment, and improving urban habitats. Landscape connectivity is the basis for UEI to play an ecological role. Spatial equity is an important goal for UEI to enhance urban resident happiness and sense of access and achieve environmental justice. Taking Yantai city as an example, this study analyzed the UEI morphological spatial pattern based on morphological spatial pattern analysis and calculated the spatial accessibility of UEI based on the gravity -based two-step-floating catchment area (G2SFCA) method. In addition, the study proposed the concept of accessible UEI and reflected the spatial differences in the equity of accessible UEI in urban residential areas through equity modeling that was oriented to connectivity enhancement and equity improvement. Moreover, the study integrated the location-allocation model and circuit theory to optimize the spatial layout of the existing UEI and construct an urban ecological corridor that considered landscape connectivity and leisure and recreational convenience. The results of this study showed that the proportion of bridge and island areas with connecting functions in the existing UEI in Yantai was only 10%, and they had not yet formed a complete network structure; hence, connectivity improvements were needed. In addition, the equity of accessible UEI in the residential areas of Yantai was generally good, and more than two-thirds of residents had sufficient access to UEI. However, approximately 32.7% of the residents in the four old city areas lacked a UEI distribution within their effective commuting time. Moreover, UEI layout optimization could improve the equity of accessible UEI in residential areas; however, the method of adding a new UEI was not applicable to areas with high concentrations of urban populations and stable urban spatial layouts. Furthermore, urban ecological corridors could effectively improve the connectivity and equity of UEI; however, 70% relied on existing road systems and needed to enhance their ecological attributes. The UEI equity of residential areas was highly correlated with house prices, indicating an obvious spatial injustice in the UEI layout in Yantai. Planners and governments should promote urban environmental justice through effective conservation and construction measures by incorporating established ecological and artificial infrastructures into UEI planning to achieve equitable access to UEI services for urban residents. This study provides a spatial reference and methodological support to enhance the equity and connectivity of UEI.

Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Characteristics and Landscape Connectivity of Heat Islands in Xiamen in the Face of Rapid Urbanization

With the acceleration of urbanization, urban heat waves have become a major problem affecting the lives of citizens. In this context, the accurate identification of the key patches and nodes of urban heat islands is important for improving the urban environment. This study examined the Landsat image data from Xiamen city in 2001, 2011, and 2021 to analyze the construction of the urban heat island (UHI) network. A morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity model were utilized to identify the central thermal landscape patches and key nodes of UHI and their spatial and temporal evolution characteristics in the urban development process. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide valuable insights that can contribute to the enhancement of the urban environment. The results showed that (1) there was a significant increase in the heat island area (HIA) of Xiamen from 2001 to 2021, and the heat island patches show a concentrated trend. The temperature contrast between the urban area and the surrounding countryside was more distinct, indicating the urban construction land has a tendency to gather and spread. (2) The core area of the heat island accounted for the largest proportion of the thermal landscape area during the study period, and its proportion increased significantly. And the rate of increase was first rapid and then slow. The areas of the edge, branch, islet, bridge, loop, and perforation classes all showed different degrees of a decreasing trend. This indicates an increasing degree of aggregation between heat island patches. (3) The top 20 thermal landscape patches with high landscape connectivity importance values were identified. Among them, the importance value and area of the first four patches are relatively large, and belong to the three importance classes of extremely important, important, and generally important heat island core patches, which deserve focused attention and optimization. (4) Cooling measures can be prioritized for core areas of heat islands with high importance values. Connections between hot and cold islands can be interrupted or connected to mitigate the heat island effect throughout the region. The results of this study have important practical guidance for urban planning and sustainable development.

The Existence of the Government in Taking Over the Haruku Island Area for the Conduciveness of Local Communities in Maluku Province

The existence of the Indonesian government in the context of administering Maluku provincial government is clearly very important and strategic for the Maluku people, especially the Sasi indigenous people in the Central Maluku region. The desire of the people of Central Maluku to maintain the conduciveness of its citizens is very dependent on two factors, namely security factors and economic factors, but between these two factors, the security factor is the most important thing needed by the people of Central Maluku. The existence of the government to take over the Haruku island area completely and exclusively can provide good results in obtaining regional income for Central Maluku in order to increase the sense of justice, security of the indigenous people as well as the welfare of the Sasi Indigenous family and community in the Haruku region, Maluku. The research method used in this research is the empirical juridical method. The research results show that the existence of the Indonesian Government in taking over the Haruku island region has resulted in peace for the culturally heterogeneous Haruku residents as well as high profits for the Sasi indigenous people in the Haruku region, Central Maluku where regional income can be felt by all local communities. The hope for the future with the presence of the Indonesian government is to create a sense of security for the indigenous people of Sasi, Haruku, Central Maluku in managing natural resource products in the future, so as to achieve development and exploitation towards good economic prospects for the people of Maluku province.

Stratigraphic age of the Ordovician sedimentary succession in Lumparn Bay, Åland Islands, Finland

ABSTRACT The depression of the ancient Lumparn meteorite impact structure is partly infilled by Cambrian and Ordovician sediments, lying nowadays below the seawater. The Ordovician carbonate succession at this site, recognised through erratic boulders and by the drilling project in the late 1950s, is of particular interest due to its isolated and distant location from other areas with Ordovician sediments in the Baltoscandian Palaeobasin. In this study, we present new data on ostracod biostratigraphy and stable carbon isotope chemostratigraphy obtained from three old drillcores. Comparison of ostracod distribution with sections in Estonia generally supports the previous interpretations of a Darriwilian and Sandbian age for the lowermost Tranvik Limestone (which we propose renaming the “orthoceratite limestone” in the Åland Islands area). The uppermost Östersjö Limestone spans almost the entire Katian age. We also observe the global MDICE and GICE carbon isotopic excursions, as well as Katian Rakvere and Saunja excursions, within the Lumparn succession. The Ordovician succession in Lumparn Bay is facially resembling the Estonian Shelf facies of the Baltoscandian Palaeobasin.

Widespread arboreal foraging behavior in ground-dwelling birds and the urgency of life-history studies

Habitat changes can alter animal behaviors, especially of large-bodied animals. Landfowl (Galliformes) are a phylogenetically diverse group of large-bodied ground-dwelling birds that are generally considered reluctant flyers. However, some species of landfowl have also been found to forage in arboreal habitats, which could be particularly advantageous under declining habitat quality. However, the prevalence of arboreal foraging behavior (AFB) and how it relates to habitat changes are still unexplored. Here, we reviewed life-history traits associated with foraging behaviors in 305 species of landfowl worldwide and examined the prevalence of AFB across the global landfowl phylogeny. We also collected data from arboreal camera traps on 22 subtropical reservoir islands and six nearby mainland sites in the Thousand Island Lake region of China to assess AFB of Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), the largest landfowl in this lake system, with island area and isolation. Globally, at least 84 species of landfowl (28%) showed evidence of AFB, with a strong phylogenetic signal. Camera trapping revealed that Silver Pheasant tended to have AFB on small and isolated islands, as evidenced by the increased arboreal sampling efforts. Our study reveals that landfowl’s AFB is much more widespread than previously recognized, and suggests the importance of prioritizing large, connected habitats for the conservation of large-bodied animals like Silver Pheasant in the fragmented landscape. Finally, camera trapping emerges as a promising tool for recording landfowl’s life history and uncommon behaviors that can help us understand landfowl’s threats and aid conservation programs.

Investigating internet addiction: a citizen survey

Introduction: Addiction is a condition in which a person acquires a habit which affects the behavior and psyche and makes it difficult to confront with. When we talk about internet addiction, we are referring to problematic internet use that is associated with significant social, psychological and occupational dysfunction. Purpose: To identify whether the citizens of Patras, in the current period, are addicted to the internet. Materials-method: Young’s questionnaire which containing 20 questions was used. The sample (n=527) were citizens from Patras. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 25. Results: Participants had a score from 10-73 (mean, 31.52) which considered “average online user” who has control over use. More precisely, 30.4% of the sample answered that it often happens to them to stay online longer than intended while 53.1% of the sample prefers fun with friends instead of the excitement to internet. Also, 52.6% answered that they have not tried to hide their time spent online and 33% believed that they do not create new relationships through Internet. It is important to mention that 62.8% of the participants state that most people feel depressed, moody or nervous when they are offline and they do not overcome these feeling even if they are online. Furthermore, participants who lived in an urban area had a higher score (r = .087, p<0.05) than those who lived in rural and island areas. Finally, participants with the highest level of education (University degree) had a higher score (r = -.088, p<0.05) than the participants with middle school and high school education. Conclusions: Internet addiction seems to have appeared in our country as well, but participants have control over usage. The state needs to ensure that sufficient and correct information needs to be delivered to citizens so that the phenomenon of internet addiction can be treated in time and further negative consequences for the population can be avoided.

Sea level rise implication on small islands in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta

The phenomenon of sea level rise is caused by global warming, which impacts inundation in coastal areas, especially on small islands. The coastal area of small islands is very vulnerable to the impact of sea level rise, including Lancang Island (covers Lancang Besar and Lancang Kecil Island), Tidung Kecil Island, and Pramuka Island, which is part of small islands in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Sea level rise will become a problem if the seawater reaches land and causes environmental damage in coastal areas. Therefore, this study aims to create a vulnerability map for all those small islands due to coastal inundation using GIS technology. Analysis of areas affected by coastal inundation is carried out by processing DTM data derived from drone data. Based on 29 years of sea level rise data with the highest tide model, coastal inundation in 2050 is predicted to occur on all those small islands in Kepulauan Seribu and can be appropriately modelled. The results show that the affected areas on Tidung Kecil Island, Lancang Island, and Pramuka Island sequentially were 6.06 ha, 7.41 ha, and 3.47 ha. Some areas affected by coastal inundation on the three islands generally include dock and resident areas, empty land, vegetation, mangroves, forest, and road access. Mitigation efforts that can be carried out to reduce the impact of sea level rise in coastal areas include building embankments on the shoreline, dams, drainage systems, and mechanical wetlands, which must be optimized by increasing public awareness of coastal flooding.

Evaluation of The Coverage of The Covid-19 Vaccine and The Contribution of Patriarchal Culture in Influence it on Nias Island

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>The President targets that by the end of 2021, the number of people vaccinated will be 70%. Meanwhile, in October 2021, the target for achieving dose 1 had only reached 43.13%. The implementation of the Covid-19 vaccination in Indonesia, especially in several outer islands of Sumatra, still faces several obstacles in the community. These obstacles include difficult storage and distribution of vaccines in island areas far from the provincial center. This research aims to evaluate the coverage achievement figures, the Covid-19 vaccine and the contribution of Partiarchy culture in Nias Island. This research is a mixed methods research with explanatory sequential design. The sampling for quantitative research using the categorical proposition formula were 338 samples and for qualitative research were 22 informant. Thus, the total number of people studied in this reasearch was 410 people over 15 years of age who permanently live on Nias Island, North Sumatra. Data collection in this research is primary data by questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Data anlaysis for quantitative data was carried out in 2 ways, namely univariate and bivariate (chi-square) analysis. Meanwhile, analysis for qualitative data uses content analysis. The research results showed that the coverage rate of the Covid-19 vaccine on Nias Island in this study was lower than reported in the Indonesian Ministry of Health data with details of dose 1 (87.9%), dose 2 (75%), and dose 3 (16.2%). The contribution of Partiarchy culture to the acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine on Nias Island is in the form of families who are extremely partiarchy having a greater chance of not getting the vaccine than those who are normally Partiarchy. If a father (from a patriarchal family) does not want the vaccine, the whole family will follow the father's decision even if there are differences in the opinions of other family members, and vice versa. Recommendations from the results of this research are to increase the coverage rate of the Covid-19 vaccine, requiring special attention and approaches to radical partyararchy families.</em></p><p> </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keywords : Covid-19 Vaccine, Patriarchy culture</em></strong>

Dampak Perilaku Wisatawan Asing di Bali Dan Respon Sentimen Pengguna Twitter

Tourism on the island of Bali has received high appreciation from various groups after successfully restoring the level of tourist visits after the Covid-19 pandemic. The tourism industry, wich was disrupted due to the limited mobility of tourists, has now resumed its operations. However, there is an unpleasant phenomenon with the behavior of foreign tourists while in the Bali region area which has caused public unrest to be discussed on social media, expecially twitter. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the community sentiment response to the behavior of foreign tourists and the impact on tourism activities in the Bali island area. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with netnography interpretation, and is assisted by the NVivo data analysis application. The data used in the research consists of 2.263 tweets on twitter with the keyword “foreign tourist Bali”. The results of the analysis show that there is a negative sentiment from the community on twitter media with the emergence of various words that corner the foreign tourists for bad behavior in the Bali island area. The second result is the impact on tourism activities on the island of Bali with the mergence of pressure and restrictions on the activities of foreign tourists.

Risk Analysis and Management of Road Infrastructure Using A Single Year Funding System in The Mentawai Islands

Roads are the basic infrastructure that humans need most to be able to move from one place to another to meet their daily needs. According to the Central Statistics Agency, the Mentawai Islands area, the percentage of stable roads available in the Mentawai Islands is only around 10%, so that for Road infrastructure development in the Mentawai Islands is the main target for the local government. The funding system provided is mostly a single year funding system. Single year funding is defined as project activities where the work implementation period corresponds to or is equal to one budget year. The development of road infrastructure with a single year funding system in the Mentawai Islands will certainly not be without the name project risk. The aim of this research is to create risk management in road construction with a single year funding system in the Mentawai Islands. The interview method was conducted to informants. There are 15 risks identified for the Mentawai Islands Regency. The highest potential loss obtained from the contractor is the delay in the tender and the risk aggregate from the contractor is IDR. 40,300,000,000,- . The highest potential loss obtained from the owner is a natural disaster and the aggregate risk from the owner is Rp. 26,880,000,000,-. The highest potential loss that can be obtained from the contractor is the delay in the tender and the aggregate risk from the contractor is Rp. 40,300,000,000,- . The highest potential loss that can be obtained from the owner is a natural disaster and the aggregate risk from the owner is Rp. 26,880,000,000,-. The highest potential loss that can be obtained from the contractor is the delay in the tender and the aggregate risk from the contractor is Rp. 40,300,000,000,- . The highest potential loss that can be obtained from the owner is a natural disaster and the aggregate risk from the owner is Rp. 26,880,000,000,-.